disposition
disposition — noun
1. the natural qualities and attitudes that form someone's character and affect how
the natural qualities and attitudes that form someone's character and affect how they usually feel and behave
Sophia has a cheerful disposition that makes everyone around her feel welcome.
adjective + disposition pattern: cheerful / friendly / calm disposition
Despite the long delay at the airport, Bilal kept his calm disposition and did not complain.
The rescue dog had such a gentle disposition that the children trusted it right away.
People with a nervous disposition often find public speaking especially hard.
- temperament
more formal; focuses on the inborn aspect of character
- nature
broader term; can refer to the essential quality of anything, not just people
- character
includes both natural and learned qualities; disposition emphasises the natural side
文法句型
has a + adjective + disposition
用法筆記
The word is almost always modified by an adjective (cheerful, calm, gentle, nervous). A person's disposition is considered natural and long-lasting, unlike mood, which can change quickly.
常見錯誤
2. the natural likelihood that someone or something will develop a specific pattern
the natural likelihood that someone or something will develop a specific pattern of behaviour, thought, or growth
Young children often show a disposition to copy the behaviour of adults around them.
disposition + to-infinitive: to copy / to worry / to develop
Lien has a disposition to worry about details that most people would not notice.
Some plants have a natural disposition to grow toward whatever light source is available.
The study found a disposition toward heart disease among people who ate a diet high in processed foods.
- tendency
more everyday word; disposition is slightly more formal
- inclination
often implies a conscious mental leaning, not just a natural pattern
- predisposition
more technical; common in medical or psychological writing
文法句型
disposition + to-infinitive
disposition + toward/to + noun
用法筆記
Unlike sense 1, this sense is followed by a to-infinitive or toward/to + noun. A disposition to do something is a tendency that may or may not be acted on.
3. the way objects or parts are positioned in a space
the way objects or parts are positioned in a space
The disposition of the furniture in the living room made the space feel much larger.
the disposition of [objects] in [space]
The architect studied the disposition of the rooms before deciding where to put the windows.
Mizuki changed the disposition of the pots on the balcony so each plant got more sunlight.
The careful disposition of the exhibits guided visitors naturally through the museum.
- arrangement
everyday word; disposition is more formal and usually implies deliberate planning
- layout
common in design and publishing; more specific than disposition
- placement
focuses on the position of each item individually
文法句型
the disposition of + plural noun
用法筆記
This sense is common in formal or technical writing (architecture, design, interior decoration). The object being arranged is typically a plural noun: the disposition of the tables, the disposition of the troops.
4. the legal or official process of transferring property, money, or other assets t
the legal or official process of transferring property, money, or other assets to another person or organisation
The lawyer handled the disposition of the estate after Mr. Okonkwo passed away.
disposition of estate: legal transfer of property after death
Caio signed the papers for the disposition of his company shares to a family trust.
The will included clear instructions for the disposition of all personal belongings and savings.
Tax rules about the disposition of property can be very different from one country to another.
- transfer
broader; disposition is the formal legal term
- distribution
implies dividing among multiple recipients
- settlement
often implies resolving a legal or financial obligation
文法句型
the disposition of + legal/financial noun
用法筆記
Used almost exclusively in legal, financial, and formal administrative contexts. Do not use for everyday giving — use give, hand over, or transfer instead.
5. a neat and organised way of placing or positioning things
a neat and organised way of placing or positioning things
The soldiers stood in perfect disposition, lined up in straight rows for inspection.
military context: in perfect disposition
The books on her desk were arranged with such careful disposition that nothing was out of place.
The disposition of the tools along the workshop wall showed the carpenter's commitment to order.
The chef insists on a careful disposition of ingredients on each plate before serving.
- order
everyday word; disposition feels more formal and deliberate
- organisation
focuses on the system, not the visual neatness
- disorder
the opposite of neat placement
文法句型
in + adjective + disposition
用法筆記
This sense overlaps with sense 3 but emphasises tidiness and methodical order rather than merely position. It is the least common sense and sounds dated or literary outside certain set phrases such as in perfect disposition.