affect
affect — 動詞
1. to make someone or something change, or to be the reason that change happens — f
影響；衝擊
造成改變或產生作用
to make someone or something change, or to be the reason that change happens — for example, hot weather can affect how plants grow, and bad news can affect how a person feels.
The drought severely affected rice farmers across central Taiwan last summer.
去年夏天的乾旱嚴重影響了台灣中部的稻農。
subject is an event/condition, object is people/things impacted
Loud noise from the construction site is affecting Mei-ling's sleep.
工地傳來的噪音正影響著美玲的睡眠。
present continuous shows ongoing impact
Her grandfather's death deeply affected Ines for many months.
祖父過世這件事深深影響了卡洛斯好幾個月。
Rising fuel prices will affect the cost of almost everything we buy.
油價上漲將影響我們所購買的幾乎所有東西的價格。
Drinking too much coffee can affect your heart rate.
喝太多咖啡可能會影響你的心跳速率。
文法句型
affect + noun phrase
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2 (PRETEND): only sense 1 takes a thing or condition as subject (rain, news, decisions). Subjects in sense 2 are always people putting on a fake feeling.
常見錯誤
2. to put on an emotion, attitude, or way of speaking that you do not really have,
假裝；佯裝
做出沒有的情緒或態度以欺瞞他人
to put on an emotion, attitude, or way of speaking that you do not really have, in order to fool other people — for example, smiling as if you are pleased when you are actually angry.
Una affected surprise when her sister announced her engagement, though she had already guessed.
Una（尤娜）知道妹妹訂婚的事，但妹妹宣布時她仍裝出驚訝的樣子。
affect + emotion noun (surprise / shock / interest)
The young actor affected a British accent during the whole interview.
那位年輕演員整場訪談都假裝著一口英國腔。
affect + accent / manner of speaking
Priya affected indifference, but her shaking hands gave her away.
普莉雅裝作毫不在意，但顫抖的雙手卻洩了底。
Tomás affected to be busy whenever his cousin asked for help with the children.
每次表弟來找湯瑪斯幫忙照顧小孩，他就假裝自己很忙。
文法句型
affect + noun (emotion/manner)
affect + to-infinitive
用法筆記
Mostly literary or formal. In everyday Taiwan English classrooms, learners should recognise this sense in reading but use 'pretend' or 'fake' when speaking.
常見錯誤
3. to wear a piece of clothing or take up a habit on purpose, hoping that it will m
刻意作態
刻意穿戴或養成某物以求引人注目
to wear a piece of clothing or take up a habit on purpose, hoping that it will make other people see you as stylish, clever, or important.
The young professor affected a tweed jacket and round glasses to look older.
那位年輕教授刻意穿上斜紋軟呢外套、戴起圓框眼鏡，好讓自己看起來成熟一點。
affect + item of clothing
Daniel affected a slow, thoughtful way of speaking during faculty meetings.
丹尼爾在系務會議上刻意擺出一種緩慢、深思熟慮的說話方式。
affect + a manner of behaviour
Eleanor affected a passion for opera that none of her old friends recognised.
艾蓮娜刻意裝出對歌劇的熱愛，但她的老朋友們完全認不出這個她。
The new manager affected a thick walking stick, even though he had no trouble walking.
新來的經理刻意拄著一根粗手杖，雖然他走路根本沒問題。
文法句型
affect + noun (clothing/style/habit)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2: sense 2 fakes an internal feeling; sense 3 cultivates an outward style or habit for show. Sense 3 objects are usually clothes, accessories, manners, or claimed tastes.
affect — 名詞
1. in psychology, a feeling someone is experiencing inside, together with the outwa
情感表現
心理學中的情緒及其外顯表現
in psychology, a feeling someone is experiencing inside, together with the outward signs of that feeling — facial expression, voice, and body movement — that other people can observe.
The patient showed a flat affect throughout the entire interview.
這名病患在整段晤談過程中表現出平板的情感反應。
fixed term: flat affect = little visible emotion
Doctor Diego noted a sudden change in the boy's affect after the news.
田中醫師注意到，那名男孩在聽到消息後情感表現出現了突然的變化。
affect + change for emotional shift
Researchers measured positive affect in the children before and after the music class.
研究人員測量了孩子們在音樂課前後的正向情感。
Her blunted affect made it hard for the nurse to judge her real pain.
她遲鈍的情感表現讓護理師難以判斷她真正的疼痛程度。
文法句型
flat affect
blunted affect
用法筆記
Stress is on the first syllable for the noun (AF-fect), but on the second syllable for the verb (af-FECT). Used almost only in psychology, psychiatry, and clinical writing; everyday speech uses 'feeling' or 'mood' instead.