confirmation
confirmation — 名詞
1. a written or spoken message that tells you that a meeting, reservation, or arran
確認函
確認預訂或行程已獲接受的書面通知
a written or spoken message that tells you that a meeting, reservation, or arrangement you asked for has been definitely accepted and set.
Cyrus received an email confirmation for his flight to Tokyo.
Cyrus 收到了飛往東京的航班確認函電子郵件。
email confirmation — common in travel contexts
The hotel sent Yuna a written confirmation of her booking for two nights.
飯店寄了一份書面確認函給 Yuna，確認她預訂了兩晚住宿。
confirmation of [booking/reservation]
We are still waiting for confirmation that the meeting room is available.
我們還在等會議室可用的確認通知。
Ada called the restaurant to ask for a confirmation number.
Ada 打電話到餐廳索取確認號碼。
- reservation
focuses on the booking itself, not the message confirming it
- acceptance
more general; not specific to appointments or bookings
- cancellation
the opposite of confirming a booking or arrangement
文法句型
confirmation + of + [noun phrase]
confirmation + that-clause
用法筆記
Commonly used with possessive adjectives ('their confirmation') and in compound nouns ('confirmation email', 'confirmation letter').
常見錯誤
2. facts, signs, or a statement that prove or give strong reason to believe that a
證實
證明某事物屬實的證據或陳述
facts, signs, or a statement that prove or give strong reason to believe that a particular thing is true or correct.
The experiment provided clear confirmation of the scientist's theory.
那項實驗為科學家的理論提供了明確的證實。
confirmation of [theory/suspicion]
Rachid took the sudden silence as confirmation that his news had shocked everyone.
Rachid 將突如其來的沉默視為證實他的消息震驚了所有人。
as confirmation + that-clause
No official confirmation of the accident has been released by the hospital.
醫院尚未發布任何關於該事故的官方證實。
Dahlia found the receipt, which was confirmation that she had paid the bill.
Dahlia 找到那張收據，證實她已經付了帳單。
The team saw the improved test scores as confirmation of their new teaching method.
團隊將進步的考試成績視為對他們新教學法的證實。
- proof
stronger and more conclusive; 'confirmation' often adds weight to an existing belief
- evidence
broader; evidence can be circumstantial, while confirmation is usually direct
- verification
more formal; implies a systematic check
- refutation
formal; evidence that proves something false
文法句型
confirmation + that-clause
confirmation + of + [noun]
用法筆記
Typically uncountable in this sense ('we have confirmation'). Frequently takes a that-clause ('confirmation that the project was on track').
常見錯誤
3. a Christian religious ceremony in which a person, often a teenager, publicly dec
堅振禮
基督教中成為正式教友的儀式
a Christian religious ceremony in which a person, often a teenager, publicly declares their faith and is fully accepted into the church community.
Lien's confirmation ceremony took place at the local church on a Sunday morning.
Lien 的堅振禮在週日上午於當地教堂舉行。
The bishop led the confirmation service for thirty young people from the town.
主教為鎮上三十名年輕人主持了堅振禮儀式。
confirmation service
Aaron received a leather-bound Bible as a gift on the day of his confirmation.
Aaron 在堅振禮當天收到一本皮面聖經作為禮物。
Eric's family held a small party at their home after his confirmation ceremony.
Eric 的家人在他的堅振禮儀式後，在家中舉辦了一場小型聚會。
文法句型
[possessive] + confirmation
confirmation + ceremony
用法筆記
In Catholicism and some Protestant denominations, confirmation is one of the sacraments. Subject is typically a person ('her confirmation', 'his confirmation').
4. a ceremony in Reform Judaism in which young people, usually aged sixteen or olde
確認禮
猶太教改革派青少年宣示信仰的儀式
a ceremony in Reform Judaism in which young people, usually aged sixteen or older, publicly affirm their commitment to the Jewish faith and community.
Asher spent several months studying Jewish history for his confirmation ceremony.
Asher 花了幾個月的時間研讀猶太歷史，為他的確認禮做準備。
The synagogue held a confirmation class for teenagers every Wednesday evening.
會堂每週三晚上為青少年開設確認禮課程。
confirmation class
Nila's confirmation was part of a combined service with three other congregations.
Nila 的確認禮是與其他三個會眾聯合舉行的儀式之一。
Rabbis from several nearby towns attended the confirmation service in Portland.
來自附近幾個城鎮的拉比都出席了在波特蘭舉行的確認禮儀式。
文法句型
[possessive] + confirmation
用法筆記
Primarily associated with Reform Judaism; not practiced in Orthodox or most Conservative Jewish communities. The confirmation ceremony is different from a bar mitzvah or bat mitzvah.
5. the official act of formally approving a decision, appointment, or agreement so
批准
官方正式批准或使某決議生效的行為
the official act of formally approving a decision, appointment, or agreement so that it becomes legally valid.
The treaty will go into effect only after confirmation by the legislature.
該條約須經立法機關批准後才能生效。
confirmation by [governing body]
The appointment of the new director requires confirmation from the full board.
新任總監的任命需要獲得全體董事會的批准。
Confirmation of the agreement took place at the final session of the summit.
該協議的批准是在高峰會的最後一場會議上完成的。
The board voted unanimously in confirmation of the new company policy.
董事會一致投票批准了公司的新政策。
- ratification
nearly identical, but 'ratification' strongly emphasizes the formal voting or signing step
- approval
broader and less formal; used for everyday as well as official contexts
- authorization
focuses on permission to proceed; used more for actions than agreements
文法句型
confirmation + by + [body]
confirmation + of + [decision/treaty]
用法筆記
Formal register. Subject is typically an institution (senate, board, committee) or a legal document. Frequently passive in structure ('confirmation was given by...').
常見錯誤
6. the process or activity of checking that information, a detail, or a system is a
查證
檢查或核實某事是否正確的過程
the process or activity of checking that information, a detail, or a system is accurate, true, or in proper working order.
The technician ran a final test for confirmation of the system's safety.
技術人員為了確認系統的安全性進行了最後一輪測試。
for confirmation of — purpose phrase
Dahlia's main job involved the confirmation of all customer details before processing orders.
Dahlia 的主要工作是查證所有客戶資料後再處理訂單。
The lab results are still awaiting confirmation by a second specialist.
實驗結果正在等待第二位專家的查證。
Each container requires confirmation of its weight before it leaves the factory.
每個貨櫃在運出工廠前都需要查證其重量。
- verification
nearly interchangeable; 'verification' is even more process-oriented
- validation
implies checking against a standard or requirement
文法句型
confirmation + of + [noun]
for confirmation
用法筆記
Focuses on the checking activity itself rather than the result. Common in procedural and technical contexts ('awaiting confirmation', 'confirmation process'). Distinguish from sense 2 (PROOF), which is about the evidence produced.