proof

proof — 名詞

1. facts or documents that establish beyond doubt that a particular claim is true o

1.名詞B2
釋義

證據；證明

顯示事物真實性的資訊或文件

facts or documents that establish beyond doubt that a particular claim is true or that a given situation exists

例句

The police found proof that Noa had been at the bank that morning.

警方找到了 Noa 當天早上確實在銀行的證據。

proof + that-clause for factual certainty

Scientists are still searching for proof of ancient life on the red planet.

科學家仍在尋找紅色星球上遠古生命存在的證據。

proof of + noun phrase

同義詞
  • evidence

    wider term; evidence suggests something may be true, while proof aims to establish it beyond doubt

  • confirmation

    focuses on verifying something already suspected or known

  • verification

    more formal; often used in scientific or technical contexts

反義詞
  • disproof

    formal term for evidence that shows something is false

文法句型

proof + that-clause

proof of + noun phrase

用法筆記

Uncountable in most contexts ('We need proof'), but countable when referring to specific documents or pieces of evidence ('She collected several proofs of her identity').

常見錯誤

❌I have a proof that he is lying.
✅I have proof that he is lying.
💡'proof' is usually uncountable; don't add 'a' unless referring to a specific document.
❌There is no prove that she was there.
✅There is no proof that she was there.
💡'proof' is a noun; 'prove' is the verb form.

2. a formal chain of reasoning that confirms the correctness of a mathematical clai

2.名詞B2
釋義

數學證明

數學或邏輯上的推導過程

a formal chain of reasoning that confirms the correctness of a mathematical claim or scientific proposition

例句

The mathematician published her proof of the theorem in a leading journal.

那位數學家在頂尖期刊上發表了她的定理證明。

proof of + abstract concept

Students had to write a complete proof for each geometry problem on the exam.

學生必須在考試中為每個幾何題目寫出完整的證明。

complete / write a proof

同義詞
  • demonstration

    broader term; can refer to showing how something works, not just logical reasoning

  • argument

    less formal; may not have the same rigor as a mathematical proof

用法筆記

Countable — you can say 'a proof' or 'proofs' in this sense. Unlike sense 1, this refers to a structured logical argument rather than general evidence.

3. an early printed version of a book or article that writers and editors examine a

3.名詞B1
釋義

校樣

印刷前供檢查錯誤的樣本

an early printed version of a book or article that writers and editors examine and correct prior to the production of the finished publication

例句

The editor sent the proof back to the printer with several corrections marked in red.

編輯把校樣退回給印刷廠，上面用紅筆標了好幾處修改。

send a proof back for corrections

Stephanie was asked to check the page proofs of her novel before the deadline.

Stephanie 被要求在截止日前檢查她的長篇小說的頁面校樣。

page proofs (compound noun)

同義詞
  • galley proof

    a specific type of early proof, usually in a single column before page layout

  • page proof

    a proof arranged in final page format

用法筆記

Common in publishing and journalism. Related verbs are 'proofread' (to check proofs) and 'proof' (to make something waterproof — a different sense).

常見錯誤

❌I need to proof the document for errors.
✅I need to proofread the document for errors.
💡'proof' as a verb in publishing is rare; use 'proofread'.

4. a system of measuring how much alcohol is in a drink, where a higher number mean

4.名詞C1
釋義

酒精度；度數

衡量酒精強度的標準，數字愈高愈烈

a system of measuring how much alcohol is in a drink, where a higher number means stronger alcohol; in the US, 100 proof equals 50% alcohol by volume

例句

This bottle of bourbon is 80 proof, which is standard for most whiskeys.

這瓶波本威士忌是 80 度，這是大部分威士忌的標準濃度。

number + proof (measurement phrase)

The bartender warned that 100 proof rum is much stronger than the usual kind people mix with cola.

調酒師警告說，100 度的蘭姆酒比大家平常拿來調可樂的那種烈得多。

用法筆記

The US and UK systems differ slightly. In the UK, proof historically referred to a specific gravity test, but modern labeling uses alcohol-by-volume (ABV) instead. In everyday US conversation, the proof number is simply double the ABV percentage.

proof — 形容詞

proof — 動詞

proof — 字尾