dynamic
dynamic — 形容詞
1. A dynamic person has a lot of new ideas, shows great energy, and makes the peopl
充滿活力的
精力充沛且積極進取的
A dynamic person has a lot of new ideas, shows great energy, and makes the people around them feel excited and motivated.
Charlotte is a dynamic leader who inspires everyone in her department.
Charlotte 是一位充滿活力的領導者，能激勵她部門裡的每一個人。
be dynamic + noun describing a person
After years of slow growth, the company hired a dynamic young manager with fresh ideas.
經過多年緩慢成長後，公司聘請了一位充滿活力、有新想法的年輕經理。
Ramón gave a dynamic speech at the conference and earned a standing ovation.
Ramón 在大會上發表了一場充滿活力的演講，獲得全場起立鼓掌。
Her dynamic teaching style made even the most difficult topics feel interesting and fun.
她充滿活力的教學風格，讓即使是最困難的主題也變得有趣。
We need someone dynamic to lead this project and bring fresh energy to the whole team.
我們需要一個充滿活力的人來主導這個專案，為整個團隊注入新能量。
文法句型
dynamic + noun
be dynamic
用法筆記
Commonly used to describe a person's character, leadership style, or public performance. Frequently appears with nouns such as 'leader', 'personality', 'style', or 'speech'.
常見錯誤
2. A dynamic system, situation, or activity is one that never stays the same — it i
持續變化的
不斷發展或變化的
A dynamic system, situation, or activity is one that never stays the same — it is always changing, developing, or making progress.
The technology sector is dynamic, with new products appearing almost every month.
科技產業是持續變化的，幾乎每個月都有新產品問世。
be dynamic describing an industry
Singapore has a dynamic economy that creates many new business opportunities each year.
新加坡擁有持續變化的經濟體，每年都會創造許多新的商業機會。
The Watanabe family enjoys working in a dynamic environment where plans can change from day to day.
渡邊一家人喜歡在持續變化的環境中工作，計劃每天都有可能調整。
Financial markets are dynamic by nature, and prices rise and fall as conditions shift around the world.
金融市場本質上是持續變化的，價格會隨著全球條件的變化而漲跌。
The dynamic nature of the film industry means studios must constantly adapt to new trends.
電影產業持續變化的特性，意味著製片公司必須不斷適應新趨勢。
文法句型
dynamic + noun
be dynamic
用法筆記
Frequently used with nouns describing industries, economies, environments, or natural systems. Predictable, stable situations are NOT described as dynamic.
常見錯誤
3. A dynamic website or web page is built in real time when a person visits it. Thi
動態網頁的
根據使用者即時產生內容的
A dynamic website or web page is built in real time when a person visits it. This means its content changes depending on who the visitor is, what device they use, or what they click on — unlike a static page that always looks the same.
The company built a dynamic website that shows different products to each visitor based on their location.
該公司建立了一個動態網頁，能根據訪客所在地區顯示不同的產品。
dynamic website + purpose clause
Unlike a static page, a dynamic page changes its content based on what the user clicks or types.
與靜態頁面不同，動態頁面會根據使用者點擊或輸入的內容而改變。
contrast: static vs dynamic page
Karim's online portfolio uses dynamic layouts that adjust to fit any screen size automatically.
Karim 的線上作品集採用動態網頁版面，能自動調整以適應任何螢幕尺寸。
A dynamic news site can change its front-page stories depending on where the reader lives.
動態新聞網站可以根據讀者所在的地區，改變其首頁上的新聞故事。
The marketing team asked for a dynamic landing page that updates with each new product launch.
行銷團隊要求製作一個動態網頁登陸頁，在每次推出新產品時自動更新。
- interactive
focuses on user engagement, not necessarily real-time generation
- real-time
emphasises immediacy of updates rather than customisation
- static
pre-built fixed content that does not change per visitor
文法句型
dynamic + noun (website/page/content)
用法筆記
Contrasts with 'static'. A static website serves the same pre-written file to every visitor, while a dynamic one generates the page at the moment of the request.
常見錯誤
4. Relating to the forces that cause physical objects to move or change speed, or t
動力的
與產生運動的力有關的
Relating to the forces that cause physical objects to move or change speed, or to the energy involved in that movement.
Engineers study the dynamic forces that act on a bridge during a strong earthquake.
工程師研究在強烈地震中作用於橋樑的各項動力。
dynamic forces — physics collocation
The dynamic pressure of fast-moving water can slowly wear away the walls of a river over time.
快速流動的水所產生的動力壓力，會隨著時間逐漸侵蝕河流的兩岸。
In his physics class, Hugo learned how dynamic friction slows moving objects on different surfaces.
Hugo 在物理課上學到動摩擦力如何在不同的表面減緩移動物體的速度。
Wind and traffic are dynamic loads that engineers must consider when designing tall buildings in cities.
風力和交通流量是工程師在設計城市高樓時必須考慮的動力載荷。
- motive
narrower; refers specifically to force that causes motion
- static
relating to forces on objects not in motion
文法句型
dynamic + noun (force/system/analysis)
用法筆記
Attributive only — used before a noun. Common in engineering, construction, and physics contexts. Contrasts with 'static', which refers to forces on objects at rest.
5. Connected to how loudly or softly musicians play a piece. This sense covers the
力度變化的
音樂中音量強弱變化的
Connected to how loudly or softly musicians play a piece. This sense covers the symbols used in sheet music — like 'forte' meaning loud or 'piano' meaning soft — that tell performers when to play louder or quieter.
The pianist used a wide dynamic range, from barely audible to thunderously loud at the climax.
這位鋼琴家運用了極寬的力度變化範圍，從幾乎聽不到的音量到高潮時震耳欲聾的強音。
dynamic range — standard music term
Dynamic markings such as 'forte' and 'piano' tell musicians how loudly they should play each section.
力度變化標記如「forte」和「piano」，告訴音樂家每個段落應該多大聲演奏。
Gabriel's dynamic control made the quiet parts of the sonata feel especially moving and emotional.
Gabriel 的力度變化控制，讓奏鳴曲中安靜的段落聽起來特別動人。
The conductor asked the orchestra for greater dynamic contrast between the first and second movements.
指揮要求樂團在第一樂章和第二樂章之間呈現更大的力度變化對比。
- volume-related
more general, less technical
文法句型
dynamic + noun (range/marking/contrast)
用法筆記
Used before nouns such as 'range', 'marking', 'contrast', or 'level'. This sense is specific to musical performance and notation; it does not describe general loudness changes outside music.
6. A dynamic verb describes an action, event, or process — not a fixed condition. T
動作動詞的
表示動作而非狀態的
A dynamic verb describes an action, event, or process — not a fixed condition. The key difference from stative verbs — such as 'know' or 'believe' — is that dynamic verbs work naturally with progressive tenses: you can say 'she is running' but not 'she is knowing'.
The word 'run' is a dynamic verb because it describes a physical action that someone does.
「run」這個字是動作動詞，因為它描述的是某人做的實際動作。
dynamic verb identifying an action
Maya learned that 'know' is stative, so 'I am knowing' is wrong, but the dynamic verb 'learn' can take '-ing'.
Maya 學到「know」是狀態動詞，所以「I am knowing」是錯的，但動作動詞「learn」可以用「-ing」。
dynamic vs stative contrast with classroom example
In the sentence 'she is eating lunch,' the word 'eating' is a dynamic verb that shows an ongoing activity.
在「she is eating lunch」這個句子中，「eating」是動作動詞，表示正在進行的活動。
Teachers explain that 'know' is stative but 'learn' is dynamic, even though both relate to understanding.
老師解釋「know」是狀態動詞，但「learn」是動作動詞，儘管兩者都與理解有關。
- action
simpler term used in basic grammar teaching
- stative
describing a state or condition rather than an action
文法句型
dynamic + noun (verb)
用法筆記
Attributive only — always before 'verb'. The distinction between dynamic and stative verbs is important for learning English tense usage, especially the progressive aspect.
常見錯誤
dynamic — 名詞
1. The pattern of feelings and behaviour that develops among several individuals as
互動關係
人與人之間的互動狀態
The pattern of feelings and behaviour that develops among several individuals as they spend time together and interact, particularly the way the connection between them shifts and evolves.
The dynamic between the two sisters changed completely after they moved to different cities.
兩姊妹之間的互動關係在她們搬到不同城市後完全改變了。
the dynamic between [people]
Charlotte and her supervisor have a positive working dynamic based on trust and open communication.
Charlotte 和她的主管之間存在著基於信任與開放溝通的積極工作互動關係。
Family dynamics can become complicated when members hold very different opinions about important decisions.
家庭成員之間的互動關係，在大家對重要決定持非常不同的意見時可能變得複雜。
The team's dynamic improved once people started sharing their ideas more openly during meetings.
團隊的互動關係在大家開始在會議上更公開地分享想法後有所改善。
A therapist helped the couple understand the unhealthy dynamic that had developed in their marriage.
治療師幫助這對伴侶理解他們婚姻中發展出的不健康互動關係。
- relationship
broader term; 'dynamic' emphasises the changing, active nature of the interaction
- interaction
focuses on communication exchanges rather than emotional patterns
文法句型
the + dynamic + between
the + dynamic + of
用法筆記
Often used with 'between' (the dynamic between X and Y) or as a possessive ('the team's dynamic'). The plural 'dynamics' is common when referring to patterns within a group of three or more people.
常見錯誤
2. The forces or factors that control how a group, system, or process grows, change
動力因素
影響群體變化的力量
The forces or factors that control how a group, system, or process grows, changes, and behaves over time.
The dynamics of the classroom shifted noticeably when a new student from Japan joined the group.
教室內的動力因素在一位來自日本的新學生加入後出現了明顯變化。
the dynamics of [group]
Ravindra studied the competitive dynamics between the two largest car manufacturers operating in India.
Ravindra 研究了印度兩家最大汽車製造商之間的競爭動力因素。
Understanding group dynamics helps managers build teams that work together effectively and resolve conflicts.
了解團體動力因素有助於主管建立能有效合作和解決衝突的團隊。
The economic dynamics of the region changed after the two nations signed a new trade agreement.
兩國簽署新貿易協定後，該區域的經濟動力因素發生了改變。
Market dynamics can push prices upward when demand is high and the supply of goods stays limited.
當需求旺盛而商品供應有限時，市場動力因素會推高價格。
文法句型
the + dynamics + of
the + dynamics + between
用法筆記
Usually appears in the plural 'dynamics'. The singular 'dynamic' is possible but less common and typically refers to a single driving force. Common in business, sociology, and political contexts.
3. The forces that cause physical objects to move, such as gravity, friction, or th
動力；原動力
產生運動的力
The forces that cause physical objects to move, such as gravity, friction, or the push from an engine (often used in the plural form 'dynamics').
The engineer calculated the dynamics of the rotating engine parts before starting the assembly process.
工程師在開始組裝程序之前，先計算了旋轉引擎零件的動力。
the dynamics of [mechanical system]
Fluid dynamics explains how air moves around the wing of an airplane during both take-off and landing.
流體動力學解釋了空氣如何在飛機起飛和降落時流過機翼。
fluid dynamics — standard term
The dynamics of a swinging pendulum depend on the string length and the pull of gravity.
擺錘的動力取決於繩子的長度和重力的拉力。
Students in the laboratory measured the dynamics of colliding objects on different surfaces and at various speeds.
學生們在實驗室中測量了碰撞物體在不同表面和不同速度下的動力。
文法句型
the + dynamics + of + noun
用法筆記
Almost always used in the plural form 'dynamics' when referring to forces in a physical or mechanical context. The singular 'dynamic' is rare in this sense.
4. The branch of physics or engineering that studies how forces cause objects to mo
動力學
研究運動與力的科學
The branch of physics or engineering that studies how forces cause objects to move, change speed, or change direction.
Dynamics is a required course for all students studying mechanical engineering at the university.
動力學是所有攻讀機械工程的學生的必修課程。
uncountable: Dynamics is a subject
Professor Okafor teaches a course on the dynamics of moving objects at the National University of Singapore.
Okafor 教授在新加坡國立大學教授一門關於物體運動中的動力學課程。
Understanding dynamics helps engineers design safer cars and build more efficient aeroplane engines for travel.
了解動力學有助於工程師設計更安全的汽車和建造更高效的飛機引擎。
The textbook covers both statics, which studies objects at rest, and dynamics, which studies objects in motion.
這本教科書涵蓋了靜力學（研究靜止物體）和動力學（研究運動中的物體）。
文法句型
study/work in + dynamics
用法筆記
Uncountable when referring to the academic subject. Contrasts with 'statics', the study of objects at rest or in equilibrium. Often paired with 'statics' in engineering curricula.
常見錯誤
5. The way a musical work uses shifts between quiet and loud passages as an express
力度變化
音樂中音量強弱的變化
The way a musical work uses shifts between quiet and loud passages as an expressive tool, typically indicated through Italian terms such as 'forte' or 'piano' (most often used in the plural form 'dynamics').
The orchestra's dynamics shifted from a thunderous climax to a whisper-quiet ending that held the audience still.
交響樂團的力度變化從震耳欲聾的高潮轉為輕聲細語的結尾，讓全場觀眾屏息凝神。
orchestra dynamics with contrast example
Musicians study dynamics to learn how changes in volume affect the mood and feeling of a musical piece.
音樂家研究力度變化，以了解音量的改變如何影響一首樂曲的情緒和感受。
The dynamics in the second movement require very careful control from every single member of the orchestra.
第二樂章中的力度變化需要樂團每一位成員精準控制。
A good performer uses dynamics to make the music feel more dramatic and emotionally powerful for the audience.
優秀的演奏者會運用力度變化，讓音樂聽起來更具戲劇性和情感張力。
- volume variation
descriptive rather than technical
- loudness contrast
stresses the difference between quiet and loud
文法句型
the + dynamics + of + noun
play/perform + with + dynamics
用法筆記
Always plural when referring to volume changes in a musical work. The adjectives 'loud' and 'soft' are simpler alternatives, but 'dynamics' is the standard technical term in music education and performance.