establishment
establishment — 名詞
1. a place where a business, service, or other organized activity takes place, such
機構；場所
商店、旅館、學校等營業或服務單位
a place where a business, service, or other organized activity takes place, such as a shop, hotel, restaurant, school, or office building.
The new bookstore on College Avenue is a popular establishment among local readers.
大學路上那家新書店是當地讀者喜愛的場所。
collocation: popular establishment
Health inspectors visited every food establishment in the district last month.
衛生稽查員上月檢查了該區所有餐飲場所。
Sivan manages a small printing establishment that her grandfather started in 1985.
Sivan 管理一家小型印刷廠，是她祖父於 1985 年創辦的。
The hotel is a well-run establishment with friendly staff and clean rooms.
這家旅館經營得很好，員工親切，房間乾淨。
Several financial establishments in Taipei now offer online banking services.
台北幾家金融機構現在提供線上銀行服務。
- organization
broader term; can refer to a group or body without a physical location
- institution
more formal; suggests an organization with an established reputation, such as a university or bank
- business
more specific; focuses on commercial activity rather than the physical premises
- premises
focuses on the physical building or land rather than the organization itself
文法句型
a/an + adjective + establishment
establishment + preposition + place
用法筆記
Commonly modified by adjectives describing the type or quality of the place: 'educational establishment', 'military establishment', 'eating establishment'.
常見錯誤
2. the powerful individuals within a country, profession, or area of activity who c
當權派；建制
掌握權力、抗拒變革的統治集團
the powerful individuals within a country, profession, or area of activity who control decisions and usually oppose new ideas or major changes.
Young politicians in the party accused the old establishment of blocking necessary reforms.
黨內的年輕政治人物指責舊當權派阻撓必要的改革。
collocation: old establishment / political establishment
The medical establishment was slow to approve the new vaccine despite promising trial results.
醫界當權派對於核准新疫苗態度保守，儘管試驗結果令人振奮。
Roya's documentary challenges the views of the artistic establishment in Tehran.
Roya 的紀錄片質疑德黑蘭藝術界當權派的觀點。
Members of the educational establishment argued that the new testing policy would harm students.
教育界的當權派主張新的測驗政策會傷害學生。
The establishment in Washington rarely listens to voices from rural communities.
華盛頓的當權派很少傾聽鄉村社區的聲音。
- the authorities
refers more to official power-holders (police, government) rather than informal social influence
- the ruling class
more Marxist/economic; emphasizes class-based rather than institutional power
- the powers that be
informal phrase; vaguer and often used in everyday complaints
- the system
broader term that includes rules and structures, not just people
- outsider
a person who is not part of the establishment
- rebel
someone who actively opposes the establishment
- counterculture
a culture whose values oppose those of the establishment
文法句型
the + [adjective] + establishment
the + [field] + establishment
用法筆記
Often written with a capital E ('the Establishment') when referring to the traditionally powerful social class in a particular country. Frequently used critically by those who feel excluded from power.
常見錯誤
3. the process by which a new organization, system, law, or long-term arrangement i
建立；創立
創設機構、制度或關係的過程
the process by which a new organization, system, law, or long-term arrangement is set up and begins to operate.
The establishment of the United Nations in 1945 aimed to prevent future world wars.
聯合國於 1945 年成立，旨在防止未來發生世界大戰。
collocation: establishment of [organization]
Erik donated money to support the establishment of a new cancer research centre.
Erik 捐出經費，贊助設立一家新的癌症研究中心。
Since its establishment in 1999, the foundation has helped over ten thousand children.
該基金會自 1999 年成立以來，已幫助超過一萬名兒童。
The establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries took years of negotiation.
兩國建立外交關係花了數年的協商。
Tara wrote her thesis on the establishment of democratic institutions in post-war societies.
Tara 的論文探討戰後社會中民主制度的建立過程。
- founding
more specific to organizations or cities; warmer, more celebratory tone
- creation
broader; can apply to anything brought into existence, not just long-lasting institutions
- formation
suggests a gradual coming-together of parts rather than a single founding act
- institution
as a noun for the act (rare), similar to 'establishment' but more formal and less common
- abolition
the official ending of a law, system, or institution
- dissolution
the closing down or breaking up of an organization
文法句型
the establishment of + [noun phrase]
since its establishment
upon the establishment of
用法筆記
Almost always followed by 'of' + a noun phrase that names what was created. Common in formal, historical, and political writing. Do not confuse with sense 2 ('the Establishment' = the ruling group).