forensic
forensic — 形容詞
1. relating to the use of scientific techniques to examine physical evidence from a
鑑識的
運用科學方法調查犯罪的
relating to the use of scientific techniques to examine physical evidence from a crime and help solve it.
The forensic team collected DNA samples from the victim's clothing at the scene.
鑑識小組在現場從受害者的衣物上採集了 DNA 樣本。
forensic team — group of experts who examine crime evidence
Mathieu studied forensic science at the university for three years.
Mathieu 在大學讀了三年鑑識科學。
A forensic examination of the document revealed hidden fingerprints.
文件經鑑識檢驗後發現了隱藏的指紋。
The detective sent the bullet to the forensic lab for ballistics testing.
偵查員將子彈送往鑑識實驗室進行彈道測試。
Forensic experts identified the substance as a rare poison used in the region.
鑑識專家確認該物質是當地使用的一種罕見毒藥。
- criminalistic
narrower term specific to crime-scene physical evidence analysis; less common in general use
- scientific
broader; covers all science, not just legal applications
文法句型
forensic + noun (evidence, analysis, lab, expert)
用法筆記
Almost always used before a noun. The noun it modifies typically relates to crime investigation, laboratory analysis, or evidence examination. The related noun 'forensics' refers to the field itself.
常見錯誤
2. concerning the use of expert knowledge from a particular field — such as medicin
法庭科學的
運用專業知識解決法律問題的
concerning the use of expert knowledge from a particular field — such as medicine, accounting, or computing — to answer legal questions or settle court cases.
The lawyer hired a forensic accountant to examine the company's financial records.
律師聘請了一名法證會計師來檢查公司的財務紀錄。
forensic accountant — expert who investigates financial records for legal cases
Forensic linguistics helped the court determine who wrote the anonymous letter.
法證語言學協助法院判斷匿名信的書寫者是誰。
A forensic psychiatrist evaluated the defendant's mental state before the trial.
一名法證精神科醫師在審判前評估了被告的精神狀態。
The university now offers a degree in forensic computing and digital investigation.
該大學現已開設法證計算與數位調查的學位課程。
Brandon testified as a forensic engineer, explaining why the bridge had collapsed.
Brandon 以法證工程師的身分作證，說明橋樑倒塌的原因。
- legal-scientific
a compound term sometimes used but less standard; describes the same concept
- expert
broader; lacks the specific legal-context connection that 'forensic' carries
文法句型
forensic + field-specific noun (accountant, psychiatrist, linguist)
用法筆記
Always used before a noun. The modified noun is typically a profession or field combined with legal work (accountant, psychiatrist, linguist, engineer, computing). Distinguish from sense 1: sense 1 focuses on crime-scene evidence, while sense 2 covers any scientific/technical expertise applied to legal matters.
常見錯誤
3. connected with formal argument, public debate, or the procedures and settings of
辯論的
與法庭辯論或公開演說相關的
connected with formal argument, public debate, or the procedures and settings of a court of law, especially from a rhetorical or historical perspective.
The professor published a paper on forensic rhetoric in ancient Greek courts.
教授發表了一篇關於古希臘法庭修辭學的論文。
forensic rhetoric — the art of persuasive argument in legal settings
Her forensic skills in argument made her the most respected lawyer in the firm.
她辯論時展現的修辭技巧使她成為事務所最受尊敬的律師。
The debate team studied classical forensic techniques used by Roman orators.
辯論隊學習了古羅馬演說家使用的古典修辭技巧。
His speech followed a traditional forensic structure of accusation and defence.
他的演講遵循了傳統的起訴與辯護的修辭結構。
- rhetorical
broader; covers all persuasive speaking, not only courtroom or debate settings
- argumentative
focuses on the act of arguing itself; less tied to the formal structures of law and debate
文法句型
forensic + noun (rhetoric, argument, skill, oratory)
用法筆記
Primarily found in academic discussions of classical rhetoric, oratory, and legal theory. In modern everyday language this sense is rare; most speakers encounter 'forensic' in senses 1 or 2.
forensic — 名詞
1. a formal exercise or assignment in which participants argue for or against a par
辯論練習
正反論證的學術練習
a formal exercise or assignment in which participants argue for or against a particular position, especially as a classroom or academic activity.
The students prepared a forensic on the morality of capital punishment.
學生們準備了一場關於死刑道德問題的辯論練習。
prepared a forensic on [topic] — formal argument exercise
Each member of the debating society presented a forensic defending their position.
辯論社的每位成員都發表了一篇捍衛自己立場的辯論練習。
Asher wrote a forensic arguing that the new policy would harm small businesses.
Asher 撰寫了一篇辯論練習，主張新政策將損害小型企業。
The professor assigned a forensic on the ethics of artificial intelligence in medicine.
教授指派了一項關於醫療人工智慧倫理的辯論練習。
- debate
the modern, everyday term for a structured argument on a topic
- disputation
similar historical meaning; refers to formal academic debate
文法句型
a + forensic + (about/on) + topic
用法筆記
An archaic or highly specialised usage. In modern English, nearly all speakers use 'debate' or 'argument' instead. This sense is rarely encountered outside classical rhetoric studies or historical texts.
2. the academic field or discipline concerned with the principles and techniques of
辯論術
說服性論證的學術領域
the academic field or discipline concerned with the principles and techniques of persuasive argument, formal reasoning, and public address.
The study of forensic was considered essential in classical Greek education.
在古希臘教育中，辯論術被認為是必修科目。
study of forensic — the academic discipline of argumentation
Ancient scholars divided rhetoric into three branches, one of which was forensic.
古代學者將修辭學分為三個分支，其中之一便是辯論術。
Modern students of forensic still study the techniques of Cicero and Demosthenes.
現今研究辯論術的學生仍然在學習西塞羅和狄摩西尼的技巧。
The textbook traces the history of forensic from Aristotle to the present day.
這本教科書追溯了辯論術從亞里斯多德時代至今的發展歷史。
- rhetoric
broader field covering all persuasive communication, not just legal argumentation
- argumentation
focuses on the logical structure of arguments without the historical/rhetorical framework
文法句型
the study of + forensic
forensic + verb
用法筆記
A technical term in the study of classical rhetoric, where 'forensic' (or 'judicial') oratory was historically contrasted with 'deliberative' (political) and 'epideictic' (ceremonial) oratory. Uncountable in this sense.
3. the practice of using scientific knowledge and methods to investigate and resolv
鑑識科學應用
運用科學解決法律問題的實務
the practice of using scientific knowledge and methods to investigate and resolve legal questions, especially in criminal cases.
Modern forensic has transformed how courts evaluate physical evidence.
現代的鑑識科學應用已徹底改變法院評估物證的方式。
modern forensic — the field as a whole, uncountable
The field of forensic continues to expand as new technologies such as DNA profiling emerge.
隨著 DNA 鑑定等新技術的出現，鑑識科學應用領域持續擴展。
Tanvi decided to specialise in forensic after completing her chemistry degree.
Tanvi 在完成化學學位後決定專攻鑑識科學應用。
The conference brought together experts from every branch of forensic and legal medicine.
該會議匯集了來自鑑識科學和法醫學各個領域的專家。
- criminalistics
a narrower technical term focused on physical evidence analysis
文法句型
forensic + verb
field of + forensic
用法筆記
Sometimes used interchangeably with the more common 'forensics' (with final -s) when referring to the field of study. Uncountable in this sense and typically paired with a determiner like 'modern' or 'the field of'.