glass
glass — 動詞
1. to deliberately cut or injure a person with the jagged edge of a smashed bottle
破瓶攻擊
用破碎酒瓶襲擊他人
to deliberately cut or injure a person with the jagged edge of a smashed bottle or any glass shard, typically during a fight in a pub, bar, or street.
Outside the crowded nightclub, a drunk man tried to glass Élise with a broken bottle.
在擁擠的夜店外，一名醉漢試圖用破酒瓶攻擊 Élise。
glass + person + with + broken bottle
Shirin was glassed across the cheek during a bar fight and needed twenty stitches.
Shirin 的臉頰在酒吧鬥毆中被玻璃瓶劃傷，縫了二十針。
The police arrested two men for glassing a tourist near the train station.
警方逮捕了兩名在火車站附近用破瓶攻擊遊客的男子。
The bouncer stopped the man before he could glass the bartender with a jagged bottle.
保全抓住那名男子的手臂，使他來不及用碎裂的酒瓶攻擊酒保。
文法句型
glass + person
glass + person + with + broken bottle
be glassed
用法筆記
Common in British news reports about pub fights and street violence. The passive form ('was glassed') is frequent when describing injuries. This sense is not used in American English.
常見錯誤
2. to carefully examine an area of land by looking through binoculars, a telescope,
望遠搜索
透過望遠鏡等光學儀器仔細搜索
to carefully examine an area of land by looking through binoculars, a telescope, or a gun sight, usually in search of animals, people, or targets.
Sahil stood on the ridge and glassed the valley for any sign of deer.
Sahil 站在山脊上，用望遠鏡搜索山谷尋找鹿群的蹤跡。
glass + area + for + target
The hunter glassed the forest edge for nearly an hour before spotting movement.
獵人用望遠鏡搜索森林邊緣將近一個小時，才發現動靜。
Using a pair of binoculars, the birdwatcher glassed the distant marsh for rare waterfowl.
賞鳥人士用望遠鏡仔細搜尋遠處沼澤中的稀有水鳥。
Wren carefully glassed the open fields, looking for the lost hiker's tent.
Wren 仔細地用望遠鏡搜尋開闊的田野，尋找失蹤露營者的帳篷。
The soldiers glassed the ridge line before deciding to advance through the pass.
士兵們在決定通過隘口前進之前，先用望遠鏡搜索了山脊線。
- scan
more common; does not specify the optical instrument
- survey
more formal; can mean examining in a general sense
- glass over
phrasal verb form with same meaning but different syntax
文法句型
glass + area/location
glass + for + target
glass + landscape + with + binoculars
用法筆記
Typical in hunting, birdwatching, and military reconnaissance. The object is usually a large area such as a valley, ridge, forest, or field. Can be used intransitively with 'for' ('glass for deer').
常見錯誤
3. to fit a frame, window, or building with glass panels; to enclose or cover an op
安裝玻璃
裝設玻璃以覆蓋或封閉空間
to fit a frame, window, or building with glass panels; to enclose or cover an open area with a glass surface, typically to create indoor space while letting in light.
The builders glassed the south-facing wall to let in more winter sunlight.
工人們在朝南的牆面安裝玻璃，以便引入更多冬季陽光。
glass + building part + purpose
Aunt Manuela plans to glass the balcony so the family can use it all year.
Manuela 阿姨計畫將陽台裝上玻璃，讓家人全年都能使用。
The old wooden porch was glassed in and turned into a bright sunroom.
舊的木造門廊被封上玻璃，改造成一間明亮的日光室。
Mayumi hired a contractor to glass the greenhouse frame last spring.
Mayumi 去年春天找人幫溫室框架裝上了玻璃。
The architect suggested they glass over the courtyard to create an indoor garden.
建築師建議他們在庭院上加裝玻璃頂棚，打造一座室內花園。
- glaze
more technical; specifically used in window and pottery contexts
- enclose with glass
periphrastic; explains rather than replaces the verb
- uncover
removing rather than adding a glass covering
文法句型
glass + object
be glassed in
be glassed over
用法筆記
Often combines with the particles 'in' ('glassed in' = enclosed with glass) and 'over' ('glassed over' = covered with a glass roof). The passive is common when describing completed buildings.
常見錯誤
4. to become smooth, shiny, and hard like a glass surface, or for a liquid to freez
變玻璃狀
變得光滑堅硬如玻璃表面
to become smooth, shiny, and hard like a glass surface, or for a liquid to freeze into a glass-like layer; also used figuratively for eyes losing expression and becoming fixed and lifeless.
The river's surface glassed over as the temperature dropped below zero.
隨著氣溫降到零度以下，河面結成了一層玻璃般的冰。
glass over + weather condition
The ceramic glaze glassed into a hard, shiny coating when it was fired.
陶瓷釉料在高溫燒製後，變成一層堅硬光滑的玻璃質表面。
Nicholas's eyes glassed over as he listened to the long, dull lecture.
Nicholas 聽著又臭又長的演講，眼神逐漸呆滯失焦。
The lava glassed into a smooth black rock as it slowly cooled.
岩漿在緩慢冷卻的過程中，變成了光滑的黑色玻璃狀岩石。
Noa's gaze glassed over when the teacher started the third hour of grammar review.
當老師開始第三小時的文法複習時，Noa 的目光變得呆滯無神。
- glaze over
more common for eyes becoming dull; same meaning
- freeze over
specific to liquid surfaces turning to ice
- harden
broader meaning; does not imply glass-like smoothness
文法句型
glass over
glass into
用法筆記
Most common with the particle 'over' when describing water freezing or eyes losing focus. With 'into', it describes materials transforming into a glass-like state through heat or firing.
常見錯誤
glass — 名詞
1. a hard clear substance made by heating sand and other minerals until they melt a
玻璃
一種透明堅硬的材質，用於製作窗戶、瓶子等
a hard clear substance made by heating sand and other minerals until they melt and then cooling them quickly, used for making windows, bottles, mirrors, and similar everyday items
Harper recycled the glass bottles and jars from her kitchen last weekend.
Harper 上週末把廚房裡的玻璃瓶罐都回收了。
glass bottles / glass jars (uncountable material noun)
A sharp piece of broken glass near the playground cut Nellie's finger.
遊樂場附近一塊尖銳的碎玻璃割傷了 Nellie 的手指。
collocation: broken glass / piece of glass
The old church tower had beautiful stained glass windows that let in colourful light.
老教堂的塔樓有美麗的彩繪玻璃窗，透進色彩斑斕的光線。
Esteban used a sheet of glass to cover the top of the wooden table.
Esteban 用一片玻璃蓋住了木桌的桌面。
文法句型
piece of glass
sheet of glass
stained glass
用法筆記
Uncountable when referring to the material itself. For individual items, use phrases like 'a piece of glass' or 'a sheet of glass'. Do not confuse with the countable 'a glass' (sense 4, a drinking container).
常見錯誤
2. glassware in general — vases, bowls, ornaments, and other items fashioned from t
玻璃製品
玻璃製品的總稱，尤指器皿
glassware in general — vases, bowls, ornaments, and other items fashioned from this material, treated as a single uncountable category
Indra polished the museum's antique glass until each piece shone under the lights.
Indra 擦拭博物館的古董玻璃器皿，讓每一件都在燈光下閃閃發亮。
glass as uncountable collective noun
Ignacio wrapped every piece of glass in bubble wrap before packing the boxes.
Ignacio 在裝箱前用氣泡布仔細包好每一件玻璃製品。
Jisoo collected Venetian glass from the eighteenth century and kept it on shelves.
Jisoo 收藏了十八世紀的威尼斯玻璃製品，並把它們擺在架子上。
Ayesha carefully washed the delicate crystal glass after the dinner party ended.
Ayesha 在晚宴結束後小心清洗精緻的水晶玻璃器皿。
文法句型
[adjective] glass as collective uncountable
用法筆記
Always uncountable when referring to glass objects as a general group. Do not use 'a glass' to mean a single decorative piece — the countable form refers only to drinking containers (sense 4).
常見錯誤
3. the protected environment inside a glass building or frame where plants are grow
玻璃棚
玻璃溫室內保護植物的栽培環境
the protected environment inside a glass building or frame where plants are grown, especially to shield them from cold or bad weather
Omar grew the orchids under glass to protect them during the winter months.
Omar 在玻璃棚裡種植蘭花，以免它們在冬天受凍。
fixed phrase: under glass
Obi watered the young tomato seedlings in the glasshouse every morning.
Obi 每天早上在玻璃溫室裡為番茄幼苗澆水。
compound noun: glasshouse
Eitan built a small glasshouse at the back of his garden for tropical plants.
Eitan 在花園後方蓋了一座小玻璃溫室來種植熱帶植物。
Tropical plants grow well under glass even in cold northern climates.
即使在寒冷的北方氣候中，熱帶植物在玻璃棚裡也能長得很好。
- greenhouse
a more common term for a glass building used for growing plants; 'glasshouse' is slightly more formal or technical
- conservatory
a glass room attached to a house, used for displaying plants rather than commercial growing
文法句型
under glass
in a glasshouse
4. a container with a flat bottom and thin sides, made from glass or a similar clea
玻璃杯
用玻璃製成的飲用容器
a container with a flat bottom and thin sides, made from glass or a similar clear material, designed for holding a drink
Joaquín poured cold milk into a tall glass for his younger sister.
Joaquín 把冰牛奶倒進一個高高的玻璃杯裡給妹妹。
countable noun: a [adjective] glass
Before serving the meal, the waiter placed a wine glass on the table.
上菜前，服務生把一個葡萄酒杯放在桌上。
compound: wine glass
Dr. Park picked up a clean glass and held it up to the light.
Park 醫生拿起一個乾淨的玻璃杯，對著光線看了看。
The bartender poured beer into a chilled glass and slid it across the counter.
調酒師把啤酒倒入冰鎮過的玻璃杯，然後滑過吧檯遞給客人。
文法句型
a [adjective] glass
glass + of + [drink]
wine glass / water glass
用法筆記
Countable — you can say 'a glass' or 'two glasses'. When describing the material rather than the container, use the uncountable form (sense 1): compare 'a glass of water' (container) with 'a sheet of glass' (material).
常見錯誤
5. the amount of liquid that fills a drinking container, or a serving of a drink me
一杯
一個玻璃杯所盛的液體量
the amount of liquid that fills a drinking container, or a serving of a drink measured by the container it comes in
Dr. Lin told his patient to drink at least eight glasses of water each day.
Lin 醫生告訴病人每天至少要喝八杯水。
pattern: [number] glass[es] of [drink]
The host offered each guest a glass of sparkling wine at the party.
主人在派對上為每位客人倒了一杯氣泡酒。
The recipe calls for two glasses of milk and one glass of flour.
食譜需要兩杯牛奶和一杯麵粉。
The dinner guest asked for a glass of red wine to go with the pasta.
晚餐的客人點了一杯紅酒來搭配義大利麵。
文法句型
[number] + glass[es] + of + [drink]
用法筆記
Always followed by 'of' + a noun for the drink. The same form 'a glass of…' can be used for any liquid. This sense differs from sense 4 in that it focuses on the CONTENTS rather than the physical container: 'She broke a glass' (sense 4, container) vs 'She drank a glass of milk' (sense 5, amount).
常見錯誤
6. two corrective or protective lenses mounted together and worn on the face so tha
眼鏡
戴在眼前以改善視力的鏡片器具
two corrective or protective lenses mounted together and worn on the face so that each lens sits in front of one eye, helping the wearer see better or shielding the eyes from damage
Mr. Chen put on his reading glasses to look at the menu.
Chen 先生戴上老花眼鏡看菜單。
reading glasses
The optician recommended a new pair of glasses for the child.
驗光師為那個孩子推薦了一副新眼鏡。
pattern: a pair of glasses
The librarian pushed her glasses up her nose and continued reading.
圖書館員把眼鏡往鼻子上推了推，繼續閱讀。
Grandma wiped her glasses clean with a soft cloth before sewing.
奶奶在做針線活前用軟布把眼鏡擦乾淨。
- spectacles
a more formal or old-fashioned term for glasses
- eyewear
a broader category that includes glasses, sunglasses, safety goggles, and contact lenses
文法句型
a pair of glasses
wear glasses
reading glasses
用法筆記
Always used in the plural form 'glasses'. The singular 'glass' never means a single piece of eyewear. When referring to one unit, use 'a pair of glasses' or simply 'glasses' with a plural verb: 'My glasses are on the table.'
常見錯誤
7. a device that measures the pressure of the air, traditionally used on ships or i
氣壓計
測量氣壓以預報天氣的儀器
a device that measures the pressure of the air, traditionally used on ships or in homes to help predict whether the weather will be good or bad
The captain tapped the glass and announced that a storm was approaching.
船長輕敲氣壓計，宣布暴風雨即將來臨。
nautical: tapped the glass referring to a barometer
Bao checked the glass every morning before deciding whether to carry an umbrella.
Bao 每天早上都會檢查氣壓計，再決定要不要帶傘出門。
A rapid drop in the glass often signals that rain is on its way.
氣壓計快速下降通常是下雨的前兆。
Nikos's grandfather used to read the glass and predict storms more accurately than the radio weather report.
Nikos 的祖父以前常看氣壓計預測暴風雨，比收音機的天氣預報還準。
- barometer
the standard modern term; 'glass' is more old-fashioned
- weather glass
a slightly more explicit term, but equally traditional
文法句型
the + glass
glass + verb (drop, rise, fall)
用法筆記
This sense is most common in nautical or historical contexts. The verb that follows the subject is usually one of motion: the glass drops, falls, rises, or climbs.
常見錯誤
8. a piece of glass with a reflective surface that shows an image of whatever is in
鏡子
鍍有反射層可照見影像的玻璃
a piece of glass with a reflective surface that shows an image of whatever is in front of it
Élise studied her reflection in the glass before heading out to dinner.
Élise 出門吃晚餐前，仔細端詳自己在鏡中的倒影。
formal register: reflection in the glass instead of mirror
The antique glass above the fireplace is framed in carved mahogany.
壁爐上方那面古董鏡子鑲嵌在雕刻精緻的桃花心木框裡。
Christopher caught a glimpse of himself in the glass as he walked through the hotel lobby.
Christopher 走過飯店大廳時，瞥見自己在鏡中的身影。
A crack ran across the glass in the dressing room, distorting every face that looked into it.
更衣室的鏡子上出現一道裂痕，照出來每個人的臉都變了形。
- mirror
the ordinary modern word for this object
- looking glass
an old-fashioned or literary term for a mirror
文法句型
in/into the glass
glass + be + [adjective]
用法筆記
In modern everyday speech, mirror is the usual word. Using glass for 'mirror' sounds literary or old-fashioned, and often appears in descriptions of older houses or formal writing.
常見錯誤
9. an optical tool whose built-in lenses make distant objects appear closer and lar
望遠鏡
用透鏡將遠方物體放大的光學儀器
an optical tool whose built-in lenses make distant objects appear closer and larger, such as a telescope or a pair of binoculars
Hao focused the glass on the distant mountain peak and spotted a thin trail of smoke.
Hao 把望遠鏡對準遠方的山頂，看到一縷細細的煙。
telescope: focus the glass on [target]
The birdwatcher raised the glass and scanned the treetops for the rare kingfisher.
賞鳥人舉起觀測鏡，在樹梢間搜尋那隻稀有的翠鳥。
Antonia handed the glass to her companion and pointed toward the lighthouse on the cliff.
Antonia 把望遠鏡遞給同伴，指向懸崖上的燈塔。
Through the glass the sailors could make out the shape of a ship on the horizon.
透過觀測鏡，船員們看到海平面上有一艘船的輪廓。
- binoculars
the standard modern word for a hand-held dual-lens viewer
- telescope
a single-tube instrument for viewing very distant objects, especially in astronomy
- spyglass
a small hand-held telescope, now old-fashioned
- field glasses
another term for binoculars, especially for outdoor use
文法句型
through the glass
focus/raise/lower + the glass
用法筆記
When referring to binoculars, the plural form glasses is more common: field glasses, opera glasses. The singular a glass usually refers to a single telescope or a spyglass.
常見錯誤
glass — 慣用語
glass — 人名
1. the surname of Philip Glass (born 1937), an American composer whose repetitive,
葛拉斯
美國極簡主義作曲家
the surname of Philip Glass (born 1937), an American composer whose repetitive, layered style of music — known as minimalism — is widely used in operas, film scores, and concert works.
Lauren listened to Glass's opera 'Einstein on the Beach' for her music class.
Lauren 為了她的音樂課，聽了 Glass 的歌劇《沙灘上的愛因斯坦》。
surname in possessive form + composer's work
The film score by Glass won praise for its hypnotic, simple melodies.
Glass 創作的電影配樂以其催眠般簡潔的旋律贏得讚賞。
Glass + film-score context
Reuben wrote a report on how Glass influenced modern orchestral music.
Reuben 寫了一份報告，探討 Glass 如何影響現代管弦樂。
Nala found a recording of Glass's violin concerto at the library.
Nala 在圖書館找到了一張 Glass 小提琴協奏曲的錄音。
用法筆記
When referring to the composer in text, either 'Glass' (the surname alone) or 'Philip Glass' (full name) is common. Musical works are typically introduced with a possessive form, as in 'Glass's opera'.