gross
gross — 形容詞
1. describes the full amount of something such as money earned or goods produced, b
總計的
扣除各項費用前的總額
describes the full amount of something such as money earned or goods produced, before any costs, taxes, or other deductions are subtracted from it.
The company reported a gross profit of three million dollars before paying salaries and rent.
該公司在支付薪水與租金之前，申報的總利潤為三百萬美元。
collocation: gross profit
Elena's gross income as a freelance translator was around seventy thousand dollars last year.
Elena 去年擔任自由譯者的總收入約為七萬美元。
collocation: gross income
The gross weight of the shipment was five hundred kilograms before packing materials.
這批貨物的總重量在加上包裝材料前是五百公斤。
Tanvi's gross salary is sixty thousand dollars before any deductions for tax or health insurance.
Tanvi 的稅前年薪是六萬美元，還沒有扣除稅金和健保費用。
- net
the amount left after all deductions have been made
文法句型
gross + noun
用法筆記
Used only before a noun — you can say 'gross profit' but NOT 'the profit is gross' in this sense. The opposite is 'net' (after deductions).
常見錯誤
2. extremely unpleasant and causing a strong feeling of disgust — for example, a gr
噁心的
令人強烈厭惡或不舒服的
extremely unpleasant and causing a strong feeling of disgust — for example, a gross smell from a blocked drain or a gross habit like picking your nose in public.
Amani cleaned the kitchen sink and found something gross growing in the drain.
Amani 清理廚房水槽時，發現排水管裡長了一些很噁心的東西。
linking verb pattern: something + is + gross
The landlord warned the tenants not to leave gross garbage in the hallway overnight.
房東警告房客不要在走廊上留下噁心的垃圾過夜。
attributive: gross + noun
Mira refused to eat the fish because it had a gross texture and a strange smell.
Mira 拒絕吃那條魚，因為它的口感很噁心，還有一股怪味。
The children screamed when they found a slimy, gross creature under the rock in the garden.
孩子們在花園的石頭下發現一隻黏糊糊又噁心的生物，嚇得大叫。
- disgusting
equally strong but slightly more formal than 'gross'
- revolting
stronger and more formal; suggests a violent reaction of disgust
- nasty
more general; can describe smells, tastes, or behaviour
- pleasant
general opposite for anything that causes a good feeling
文法句型
gross + noun
linking verb + gross
3. very rude and offensive, especially in a way that shows a lack of good manners,
粗俗的
言行低劣無禮、缺乏教養的
very rude and offensive, especially in a way that shows a lack of good manners, taste, or respect for other people.
Faisal was sent home from school for making gross comments to the new teacher.
Faisal 因為對新來的老師說粗俗的話而被學校送回家。
pattern: make + gross + noun
Caleb's grandmother left the comedy show because the jokes were too gross for her taste.
Caleb 的祖母在喜劇表演中離席，因為那些笑話對她來說太粗俗了。
linking verb: jokes + were + gross
Minh's parents told him that his gross language would not be tolerated at the dinner table.
Minh 的父母告訴他，餐桌上絕不允許他說粗俗的語言。
Rania felt embarrassed by her colleague's gross remarks during the client meeting.
Rania 的同事在客戶會議上說粗俗的話，讓她感到很尷尬。
文法句型
gross + noun
linking verb + gross
用法筆記
This sense focuses on behaviour or language that is socially inappropriate, whereas sense 2 (UNPLEASANT) focuses on things that cause physical disgust. 'Gross' here overlaps with 'vulgar' but is less formal.
常見錯誤
4. said about a person or animal that you consider to be so overweight that they lo
臃腫的
形容肥胖且難看，帶有侮辱意味
said about a person or animal that you consider to be so overweight that they look unpleasant — this use is always intended as an insult.
The boy called the stray cat a gross old thing and threw a stone at it.
那個男孩對著那隻流浪貓罵牠是臃腫的老東西，還朝牠丟石頭。
attributive: gross + noun for insult
A classmate made a gross remark about Aarav's size in front of everyone at lunch.
有個同學在午餐時當著大家的面嘲笑 Aarav 的身材。
pattern: make + a gross remark about
Daichi's uncle called the neighbour's pig a gross animal and laughed at its shape.
Daichi 的叔叔嘲笑鄰居的豬是一隻臃腫的動物，還笑牠的體型。
The cartoon villain was drawn as a gross monster with green skin and a huge belly.
卡通裡的反派被畫成一隻肚子很大、皮膚綠色的臃腫怪物。
文法句型
gross + noun
用法筆記
This sense is highly offensive and insulting when used about a person's body. Avoid using it in any polite or professional setting.
常見錯誤
5. so obviously bad, wrong, or unfair that it shocks people and cannot be accepted,
極度嚴重的
明顯錯誤且令人無法接受的
so obviously bad, wrong, or unfair that it shocks people and cannot be accepted, especially when describing failures of duty, justice, or honesty.
The charity reported cases of gross injustice against families who had lost their homes.
該慈善機構通報了多起針對失去家園的家庭的極度不公事件。
collocation: gross injustice
Élise was dismissed for gross negligence after she left the laboratory freezer open overnight.
Élise 因為把實驗室的冷凍庫開著一整晚而因重大過失被開除。
collocation: gross negligence
The judge described the company's safety record as a case of gross carelessness with workers' lives.
法官形容該公司的安全記錄是對工人生命極度疏忽的案例。
Nia was shocked by the gross inequality between the rich neighbourhoods and the poor villages nearby.
Nia 對於富裕社區與附近貧困村莊之間極度不平等的現象感到震驚。
- minor
a small, unimportant mistake or issue
文法句型
gross + noun
用法筆記
Only used before a noun (e.g., 'gross misconduct', 'gross negligence'). Cannot be used after a linking verb — you cannot say 'the mistake was gross'. The noun names the type of wrongdoing.
常見錯誤
gross — 動詞
1. when a film, business, or individual makes a certain sum of money from their act
稅前賺取
在扣除稅金或成本前獲得的收入
when a film, business, or individual makes a certain sum of money from their activity before tax or other costs are subtracted from it.
The science fiction film grossed over nine hundred million dollars worldwide in its opening month.
那部科幻電影在上映的第一個月就創下了全球超過九億美元的票房收入。
pattern: film/project + grossed + amount
Hui grossed about fifty thousand dollars from her catering business during the summer festival season.
Hui 在夏季美食節期間，她的餐飲生意稅前收入約為五萬美元。
pattern: person + grossed + amount + from + source
The art exhibition grossed over two million dollars in ticket sales during its three-month run.
那場藝術展在為期三個月展期內，門票收入稅前超過了兩百萬美元。
Lucía's online store grossed about thirty thousand dollars last holiday season selling handmade gifts.
Lucía 的線上商店在上個假期季節靠銷售手作禮物賺取了約三萬美元。
- net
to earn after deductions have been taken out
文法句型
gross + amount of money
用法筆記
The subject is usually a film, a business, or a person. The verb is always followed by an amount of money. 'Net' is the opposite — it tells you how much remained after costs.
常見錯誤
gross — 名詞
1. a unit of measurement equal to 144 items, or twelve dozen, used mainly for count
十二打
等於144個的計數單位
a unit of measurement equal to 144 items, or twelve dozen, used mainly for counting or ordering things in large wholesale quantities.
The bakery ordered a gross of eggs — one hundred and forty-four — for the week's baking.
那家麵包店訂購了一『十二打』（一百四十四顆）的雞蛋，作為一週用量。
pattern: a gross of + noun
Ziad bought a gross of pencils for his tutoring centre for the new school year.
Ziad 為他的家教中心買了十二打的鉛筆，準備新學年使用。
quantity: a gross of [items]
The button factory sells its products by the gross to large clothing manufacturers.
那家鈕扣工廠以「十二打」為單位，將產品賣給大型服裝製造商。
Felix counted a gross of screws into each box before sending the shipment out.
Felix 在出貨前數了十二打的螺絲放進每個箱子裡。
- 144
the numeric equivalent; more commonly used in most modern contexts
文法句型
a gross of + plural noun
用法筆記
This is an old unit of measurement, now used mostly in wholesale trade or in historical contexts. 'A gross of' means 12 dozen (144) of something.
2. the total amount of money that a person or business earns before taxes, costs, o
總收入
扣除各項費用前的總金額
the total amount of money that a person or business earns before taxes, costs, or other deductions have been taken away from it.
Christopher's gross for the year was sixty-five thousand dollars, but his net after tax was much lower.
Christopher 今年的總收入為六萬五千美元，但扣稅後的淨收入少了很多。
contrast: gross vs net
The accountant calculated the company's gross for the quarter before subtracting any operating expenses.
會計師在扣除任何營業費用之前，先計算了該公司該季度的總收入。
domain: financial calculation
Piotr's gross for the consulting project was fifteen thousand euros before travel costs.
Piotr 那個顧問專案的總收入是一萬五千歐元，還未扣除差旅費用。
Heather calculated her gross from freelance work at around forty thousand pounds for the financial year.
Heather 計算出她這個財政年度來自自由接案工作的總收入約為四萬英鎊。
- revenue
used for business income; more formal than 'gross'
- total earnings
clearer but longer; often used in tax documents
- net
the amount after all deductions have been taken out
文法句型
the gross
a gross of + amount
用法筆記
Commonly contrasted with 'net' in financial contexts. 'Gross' as a noun is often used in phrases like 'gross for the year' or 'the gross of the business'.