have
have — 動詞
1. to own something such as a house, a car, or a piece of equipment that belongs to
擁有
擁有某物作為財產
to own something such as a house, a car, or a piece of equipment that belongs to you, typically because you bought it, rented it, or were given it
The Wang family has a small apartment near the train station.
Wang 家在火車站附近有一間小公寓。
have + noun phrase for ownership
Do you have a bicycle I could borrow for the weekend?
你有沒有腳踏車可以借我這個週末？
Our school has a large library with over ten thousand books.
我們學校有一座藏書超過一萬冊的大型圖書館。
Renata has a beautiful garden behind her house full of flowers.
Renata 在房子後面有一個種滿花的美麗花園。
Nadia bought her first car last year — a used Toyota that she still has today.
Nadia 去年買了她的第一輛車——一輛二手 Toyota，到今天她還留著那輛車。
- lack
to not have something that is needed or expected
文法句型
have + noun phrase
用法筆記
Not used in continuous (progressive) forms in this sense. You cannot say 'I am having a car' to mean you own it.
常見錯誤
2. to be suffering from an illness, disease, or injury that causes you pain or disc
罹患
生病或受傷
to be suffering from an illness, disease, or injury that causes you pain or discomfort
Eitan has a bad cold and is staying home from school today.
Eitan 得了重感冒，今天請假在家沒去上學。
have + illness/injury for suffering from sickness
Maja had a terrible headache after staring at the screen all day.
Maja 盯著螢幕看了一整天，頭痛得很厲害。
The doctor said Imani has a broken wrist and needs to wear a cast.
醫生說 Imani 的手腕骨折了，需要打石膏。
Hamza has had a cough for almost two weeks now and cannot shake it.
Hamza 咳嗽已經將近兩個星期了，一直好不了。
Many children in the class had the flu last winter and missed school.
去年冬天班上很多小朋友得了流感，沒去上學。
- suffer from
more formal; used for serious or long-term illnesses
文法句型
have + illness/injury
用法筆記
Not used in continuous forms in this sense. 'She has a fever' ✅ — NOT 'She is having a fever' ❌.
常見錯誤
3. to take food or liquid into your body through your mouth, especially during a me
吃；喝
進食或飲用
to take food or liquid into your body through your mouth, especially during a meal or at a social event
We usually have breakfast at seven thirty in the morning.
我們通常在早上七點半吃早餐。
have + meal noun for eating or drinking
Would you like to have a cup of tea or some coffee with me?
你想跟我喝杯茶或咖啡嗎？
Rohan had a sandwich and an apple for lunch at the park.
Rohan 在公園吃了一份三明治和一顆蘋果當午餐。
I always have a glass of water when I wake up in the morning.
我早上起床後一定會喝一杯水。
The guests had cake and juice at the birthday party last Saturday.
上星期六的生日派對上，賓客們享用了蛋糕和果汁。
文法句型
have + food/drink noun
用法筆記
Commonly paired with meal names (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and drinks (tea, coffee, water). Unlike the stative senses, this sense can be used in continuous forms: 'She is having dinner right now.' ✅
4. to do something — for example, carrying out an activity, running a meeting, or s
做；進行
進行某個動作或活動
to do something — for example, carrying out an activity, running a meeting, or staging a social gathering
We are having a meeting at three o'clock this afternoon.
我們今天下午三點要開會。
have + noun phrase for performing an activity
Lakan had an interesting conversation with his neighbour about gardening.
Lakan 跟鄰居聊了一場關於園藝的有趣對話。
The children usually have a music lesson after school on Tuesdays.
孩子們通常在星期二放學後上音樂課。
Let us have a look at the menu before we decide what to order.
我們先看一下菜單再決定要點什麼。
Elise and Christopher had a long discussion about the history project.
Elise 和 Christopher 針對歷史專題進行了長久的討論。
文法句型
have + noun phrase (activity)
用法筆記
Unlike the possession sense, this sense CAN be used in continuous forms: 'We are having a party tomorrow.' ✅
5. to go through a particular event, situation, or feeling, either pleasant or unpl
經歷
經歷某個事件、情況或感受
to go through a particular event, situation, or feeling, either pleasant or unpleasant
Nora had a wonderful time at the art museum on Saturday.
Nora 星期六在美術館度過了愉快的時光。
collocation: have a good/wonderful/great time
The children had a lot of fun at the water park.
孩子們在水上樂園玩得很開心。
Padma had a strange dream about flying over the mountains.
Padma 做了一個在群山上飛翔的奇怪夢境。
Christopher had a difficult year after losing his job.
Christopher 在失業之後經歷了艱難的一年。
The whole town had a power cut that lasted for two days.
整個小鎮停電了兩天。
- experience
more formal than 'have'; 'experience difficulty' vs. 'have difficulty'
- go through
often used for difficult or challenging experiences
- undergo
formal; used for medical procedures or major life changes
文法句型
have + noun phrase (event, feeling, or experience)
用法筆記
Used with a wide range of objects — events ('have a party', 'have a meeting'), feelings ('have fun', 'have a feeling'), time periods ('have a good year'), and experiences ('have an accident', 'have a dream'). The meaning is determined by the object noun, not by a special verb construction.
常見錯誤
6. to be made up of something or include it as one of the parts inside it — for exa
包含
某物內含或由某部分組成
to be made up of something or include it as one of the parts inside it — for example, a salad having different vegetables mixed together, or a book having several chapters
The old suitcase had a secret compartment hidden under the lining.
那個舊行李箱在內襯下方有一個暗格。
have + a [noun] for hidden physical parts
Meera checked that the report had all the necessary signatures before she sent it.
Meera 確認過那份報告有所有必要的簽名之後才寄出。
have + necessary [noun] for completeness check
The salad Meera made had spinach, tomatoes, and cucumber mixed together.
Meera 做的沙拉裡面有菠菜、番茄和小黃瓜拌在一起。
The meal Trang ordered had mushrooms in the sauce, so she chose a different dish.
Trang 點的餐裡面醬汁有蘑菇，所以她換了一道菜。
Darius noticed that the map had several streets that were not marked correctly.
Darius 注意到那張地圖有幾條街道標示錯誤。
- lack
opposite meaning — to not have something as a part
文法句型
have + noun phrase (the thing that is contained)
7. to share a connection with someone, such as being related by family, knowing eac
有關係
與他人有親屬、社交或工作關係
to share a connection with someone, such as being related by family, knowing each other socially, or working together professionally.
Feng has two older sisters who both teach mathematics at a high school in Taipei.
Feng 有兩個姊姊，都在台北的高中教數學。
have + [number] + [family member] for kinship
Otis has a long-standing business relationship with a printing company in Singapore.
Otis 與新加坡一家印刷公司有長期的業務往來。
Elise has three cousins living in Montreal whom she visits during the summer holidays.
Elise 有三個住在蒙特婁的表親，她暑假時會去拜訪他們。
Joshua has the same family doctor as his neighbour, Dr. Okafor.
Joshua 和他鄰居看同一位家庭醫師 Okafor 醫生。
Talia has a very close bond with the grandmother who raised her.
Talia 與撫養她長大的祖母關係非常緊密。
- know
informal; used for people you are acquainted with
- be related to
specifically about family connections
- be connected with
neutral; works for social and professional ties
文法句型
have + noun phrase (the person or group the subject is connected to)
8. to bring a baby or young animal out of your body and into the world
生下
產下嬰兒或動物幼崽
to bring a baby or young animal out of your body and into the world
Renata had a healthy baby boy at the city hospital at three in the morning.
Renata 凌晨三點在市立醫院生下了一名健康的男嬰。
have + baby for the act of giving birth
Élise had twins after a long but safe labour.
Élise 在經歷了漫長但順利的生產後生下了雙胞胎。
The cat had three kittens in the old barn behind the house.
那隻貓在屋後的舊穀倉裡生下了三隻小貓。
Ayana is planning to have her baby at home with a midwife.
Ayana 計劃在家由助產師協助生產。
- give birth to
more formal and explicitly describes the birth event
- deliver
medical term; often used from the doctor's perspective ('the doctor delivered the baby')
文法句型
have + baby/child/twins
用法筆記
Refers specifically to the moment of birth, not to the state of being pregnant (see sense 11, PREGNANT). Can also be used for animals giving birth. The object is typically 'a baby', 'a child', 'twins', or the species name for animals.
常見錯誤
9. to get hold of something that somebody offers or sends you, or to let a situatio
收到；接受
接收某物或允許某事
to get hold of something that somebody offers or sends you, or to let a situation or type of behaviour happen without trying to stop it
Reuben had a letter from his cousin in Brazil this morning.
Reuben 今天早上收到一封來自巴西表兄的信。
have + noun = receive something
Eshe had a very strange dream last night that woke her up.
Eshe 昨晚做了一個很奇怪的夢，把她嚇醒了。
I will not have that kind of rude language in my classroom.
我不允許在我的教室裡出現那種粗魯的言語。
The hospital had a large donation of medical supplies from the local community.
那間醫院收到來自當地社區的一大批醫療物資捐贈。
We cannot have the dog running around the garden while the baby is playing outside.
小孩在外面玩的時候，我們不能讓狗在花園裡亂跑。
- give
opposite direction of transfer; giving vs receiving
文法句型
have + noun phrase
have + object + verb-ing
用法筆記
In the 'allow' meaning, this sense often follows the pattern 'will not / cannot have + object + verb-ing': 'I won't have you speaking to me like that.'
常見錯誤
10. to make an action take place or to make someone carry out a task, especially by
使；讓
安排某事被做或使某人做某事
to make an action take place or to make someone carry out a task, especially by instructing another person or by making the necessary arrangements
Lakan had his laptop repaired at a small shop near the university.
Lakan 在大學附近的一家小店修理了他的筆記型電腦。
have + object + past participle for arranging a service
The principal had the students wait in the hall until the bell rang.
校長讓學生在大廳裡等，直到鈴聲響起。
have + object + bare infinitive for making someone do something
Yael needs to have her passport renewed before the trip to Japan.
Yael 在去日本之前需要更新她的護照。
Justin had the waiter bring extra napkins to the table.
Justin 讓服務生多拿幾份餐巾到桌上。
- cause
more formal and general; does not imply arranging through another person
- make
stronger, direct causation; used with object + bare infinitive ('make someone do') but without the 'arrange a service' meaning
- get
informal; 'get something done' overlaps with 'have something done' but sounds less formal in British English
文法句型
have + object + past participle (arrange for something to be done)
have + object + bare infinitive (make someone do something)
have + object + -ing (cause someone to be doing something)
用法筆記
Three main patterns exist: (1) have + object + past participle for arranging a service ('have the car fixed'); (2) have + object + bare infinitive for commanding someone ('have them wait'); (3) have + object + -ing for causing an ongoing action ('have the audience laughing'). Pattern (1) can also describe an unwanted event you did not arrange — for example, 'I had my wallet stolen.'
常見錯誤
11. to experience something unpleasant that happens to you, especially when another
遭受
遭受他人帶來的不幸事件
to experience something unpleasant that happens to you, especially when another person or outside force is responsible
Mauricio had his phone stolen on the bus during rush hour.
Mauricio 在尖峰時間的公車上被偷了手機。
have + object + past participle for an unwanted event
Rin had her essay rejected by the journal editors.
Rin 的投稿被期刊編輯退回了。
Tariq had his car scratched by someone in the parking lot.
Tariq 的車在停車場被人刮傷了。
The Watanabe family had their roof damaged in the typhoon.
渡邊家的屋頂在颱風中受損了。
- suffer
similar meaning but used without the past-participle construction; 'suffer a loss' vs. 'have something stolen'
- experience
neutral; does not carry the same strong sense of victimhood
- endure
more formal and implies the event lasted a long time or was hard to bear
文法句型
have + object + past participle (unwanted event)
用法筆記
Always uses the pattern have + object + past participle. The subject is the person affected, not the person who did the action. Distinguish from sense 7 (MAKE HAPPEN): in this sense the event is always unwanted and unarranged.
常見錯誤
12. to be in the state of carrying a developing baby inside your body, before the bi
懷孕
懷有胎兒，尚未生產
to be in the state of carrying a developing baby inside your body, before the birth
Lakshmi is having a baby in June, so she has started buying baby clothes.
Lakshmi 六月就要生小孩了，所以她已經開始買嬰兒衣服。
be having a baby + time expression for pregnancy state
Walid's cousin is having a child — it will be her first.
Walid 的表姐懷孕了——這將是她的第一個孩子。
When Mayumi found out she was having a baby, she immediately gave up coffee.
Mayumi 發現自己懷孕後，立刻戒掉了咖啡。
The actress is having a baby and plans to take six months off from work.
那位女演員懷孕了，打算休六個月的產假。
- be pregnant with
more direct and unambiguous; 'be having a baby' can also mean giving birth depending on context
- be expecting
common polite alternative, especially in British English
文法句型
be having a baby/child
be having a baby in + month
用法筆記
Commonly used in the continuous form ('is having a baby') to describe the pregnancy period. Distinguish from sense 10 (GIVE BIRTH): this sense refers to the months before birth, not the birth itself. In British English, 'she is expecting' is an alternative way to express the same meaning.
13. to possess or display a particular quality, characteristic, or ability — for exa
具有
展現某種特質或能力
to possess or display a particular quality, characteristic, or ability — for example, a person having a kind heart, or a building having a modern design.
The Tanaka family home has a lovely garden with cherry trees at the back.
田中家後院有一座種滿櫻花樹的可愛花園。
have + [adjective] + [noun] for describing features
Hassan has a very calm voice, which helps when he teaches young children.
Hassan 說話的聲音非常平穩，這對他教導幼兒很有幫助。
This computer has enough memory to run the video editing application smoothly.
這台電腦有足夠的記憶體，可以順暢地跑影片剪輯軟體。
Elena has a natural talent for understanding other people's feelings.
Elena 天生很能理解別人的感受。
The old library building had tall windows that let in a lot of natural light.
那棟舊圖書館建築有很高的窗戶，讓大量自然光透進來。
- lack
to be without a particular quality
文法句型
have + noun phrase (the quality or feature)
14. to possess one good quality or positive aspect, especially when other things abo
有優點
至少擁有一個正面特質
to possess one good quality or positive aspect, especially when other things about a person or thing are not so good
Reuben may be clumsy, but he has a very kind heart.
Reuben 可能很笨拙，但他有一顆非常善良的心。
have + positive quality noun for redeeming feature
The restaurant is expensive, but at least it has an amazing view of the harbour.
那間餐廳很貴，但至少可以看到美麗的海港景色。
Yuna is not the fastest runner, but she has great endurance and never gives up.
Yuna 不是跑最快的選手，但她很有毅力，從不放棄。
The film was boring, though it had one or two funny scenes near the end.
那部電影很無聊，不過快到結尾時有一兩個好笑的鏡頭。
- possess
more formal; works for qualities as well
文法句型
have + noun phrase (quality/characteristic)
15. to engage in the physical act of sex with another person
性交
與他人發生性行為
to engage in the physical act of sex with another person
The couple first had sex a few months after they started dating.
那對情侶在開始約會幾個月後才首次發生性行為。
have sex — fixed collocation
A recent survey asked teenagers whether they had ever had sex.
一項最近的調查詢問青少年是否曾有過性經驗。
Liam and Yasmin had sex for the first time on their wedding night.
Liam 和 Yasmin 在新婚之夜首次發生了關係。
The two friends had never had sex before they met their partners.
這兩位朋友在遇到各自的伴侶之前都沒有過性經驗。
- have sexual intercourse with
more formal and clinical
- sleep with
informal; also implies sharing a bed
文法句型
have sex (with someone)
用法筆記
The noun 'sex' is the only common object in this fixed collocation. Unlike other senses of 'have', this sense is not used in continuous forms ('was having sex' is about the ongoing action/event, but 'is having sex' is rare in the sense of 'engages in sexual activity habitually'). The topic is sensitive; in formal writing 'have sexual intercourse' may be preferred.
have — 名詞
1. a person or group that owns a lot of money and valuable things — the word is nea
富人；有產者
擁有大量錢財和資源的人
a person or group that owns a lot of money and valuable things — the word is nearly always used in the plural form 'the haves' to mean wealthy members of society, especially when compared with 'the have-nots' who are poor.
The gap between the haves and the have-nots keeps growing in many countries.
在許多國家，富人和窮人之間的差距持續擴大。
the haves and the have-nots — fixed contrasting phrase
Mauricio grew up among the haves, attending private schools and summer camps abroad.
Mauricio 在有錢人的環境中長大，就讀私立學校並出國參加夏令營。
Nora argued that tax policies should do more to help the have-nots catch up with the haves.
Nora 主張稅收政策應更努力幫助窮人追上富人。
In this small town, visitors can see the divide between the haves and those who struggle to pay rent.
在這個小鎮上，遊客可以看出富人和付不起房租的人之間的鴻溝。
Élise left her job at a bank to start a charity that helps the have-nots learn new skills.
Élise 辭去銀行的工作，成立了一個慈善機構，幫助窮人學習新技能。
- the wealthy
more formal and general; does not carry the same contrastive pairing with 'the have-nots'
- the rich
more direct and common in everyday speech; broader than 'the haves', which specifically implies a rich-vs-poor contrast
- the have-nots
the direct opposite in the fixed expression
- the poor
general opposite; less marked as a set phrase
用法筆記
This noun is almost always found in the plural 'haves' as part of the fixed pair 'the haves and the have-nots.' It rarely appears in the singular.
常見錯誤
have — 助動詞
1. placed before a past participle to build verb forms that connect an earlier acti
完成式
與過去分詞連用，形成完成式
placed before a past participle to build verb forms that connect an earlier action or situation to a later time — for example, to say that something happened before now or that a past event came before another past event.
Sofie has finished all her homework before dinner this evening.
Sofie 在今天晚餐前已經完成了所有的功課。
present perfect: has + past participle (finished)
The guests have already eaten all the sandwiches.
客人們已經把所有三明治吃完了。
present perfect with 'already' for completed action
Karim had just locked the door when the phone rang.
Karim 剛鎖上門，電話就響了。
Have your parents ever visited Japan during the cherry blossom season?
你的父母曾經在櫻花季去過日本嗎？
Nellie has lived in this small town since she moved here in 2010.
Nellie 從 2010 年搬到這裡後，就一直住在這個小鎮。
文法句型
have/has + past participle (present perfect)
had + past participle (past perfect)
用法筆記
Commonly contracts in speech and informal writing: 'have → 've (I've, you've, we've, they've), 'has → 's (he's, she's, it's), 'had → 'd (I'd, you'd, etc.). Negative forms: haven't, hasn't, hadn't.
常見錯誤
have — 情態動詞
1. used when a person is required or forced to do something because of a rule, a du
必須；得
表示義務或必要性
used when a person is required or forced to do something because of a rule, a duty, or the situation they are in — for example, wearing a uniform at a school that requires it, or waiting for a doctor because you have no choice.
Wei has to wear a helmet every time he rides his bike to school.
Wei 每次騎腳踏車上學都必須戴安全帽。
third person: has to + bare infinitive
You don't have to pay at the door if you already bought a ticket online.
如果你已經在網路上買了票，就不需要在門口付錢了。
negative: don't have to (no obligation)
Noor had to show her passport before the airline let her board the plane.
Noor 必須出示護照，航空公司才讓她登機。
The librarian told everyone they have to return their books by Friday.
圖書館員告訴大家，必須在星期五之前還書。
Do I have to finish all the vegetables before I can have dessert?
我必須把蔬菜全部吃完才能吃甜點嗎？
- must
stronger and more formal; 'must' has no past form, so 'had to' replaces it in past contexts
- need to
less forceful than 'have to' and sounds more like personal necessity than external obligation
- be required to
more formal; often used in official rules or written instructions
- be allowed to
expresses permission rather than absence of obligation
文法句型
have to + bare infinitive (obligation)
don't have to + bare infinitive (no obligation)
had to + bare infinitive (past obligation)
用法筆記
This sense functions like a modal verb but behaves grammatically like a main verb — it takes do-support for questions and negatives, changes to 'has' in the third person singular, and uses 'had' for the past. 'Don't have to' means no obligation (optional), NOT prohibition.
常見錯誤
2. used when you feel very sure that something is true, because the evidence or the
一定是
根據證據推斷必然
used when you feel very sure that something is true, because the evidence or the facts clearly point in that direction — for example, deciding that someone who has been exercising must be thirsty, or that a door that is locked has to be locked from the inside.
Christopher has been practising for weeks, so he has to be ready for the competition.
Christopher 已經練習了好幾個星期，所以他對比賽一定準備好了。
have to + be + adjective (present deduction from evidence)
If the lights are on in the house, someone has to be at home right now.
如果屋裡的燈亮著，現在一定有人在家。
if-condition + have to + be for logical deduction
You have to be Noa's cousin — the family resemblance is so strong.
你一定是 Noa 的表親——你們長得實在太像了。
The ground is completely wet, so it has to have rained while we were asleep.
地面全濕了，所以我們睡著的時候一定下過雨。
Folake has lived in Taipei for eight years, so she has to know the city well.
Folake 在台北住了八年，所以她一定很熟悉這個城市。
- must be
interchangeable in positive deduction; 'must' is slightly more common in writing
- be bound to be
more informal; emphasises that the outcome is expected or inevitable
- can't be
the negative counterpart — expresses certainty that something is NOT true
文法句型
have to + be + noun/adjective (present deduction)
have to have + past participle (past deduction)
用法筆記
Only used in positive statements. For negative deduction (certain that something is NOT true), use 'can't' or 'couldn't' — for example, 'He can't be at work, it is midnight.' Do NOT write 'He doesn't have to be at work' (that means no obligation, not deduction).