in
in — 名詞
1. the written short form of 'inch', a measurement of length in the imperial system
英吋
長度單位，1英吋約2.54公分
the written short form of 'inch', a measurement of length in the imperial system. One inch is about 2.54 centimetres, and 12 inches make one foot.
The shelf needs a gap of at least 3 in. between each plank.
層板之間至少需要留出3英吋的間隙。
collocation: number + in. + between [objects]
Christopher bought a 2½ in. paintbrush for the fence.
Christopher 買了一支 2½ 英吋的刷子來漆圍籬。
collocation: [size] in. + noun (tool)
Quan's new tablet has a 10.5 in. screen that is bright and clear.
Quan 的新平板電腦有 10.5 英吋的螢幕，畫面明亮清晰。
The recipe says to roll the dough to a thickness of ¼ in.
食譜上說要把麵團擀到 ¼ 英吋厚。
Cole checked the rain gauge in the yard and found 1.8 in. of water.
Cole 查看了院子裡的雨量計，發現積了 1.8 英吋的雨水。
- inch
the full word, used in speech; 'in.' is only used in writing
- cm (centimetre)
metric equivalent; different measurement system
文法句型
number + in. + noun (measurement)
in — 形容詞
1. currently popular and considered fashionable by many people — used especially fo
流行；時髦
目前受歡迎且時尚的
currently popular and considered fashionable by many people — used especially for styles, activities, or ideas that are widely liked for a period of time
Eli said that short haircuts are in this season among college students.
Eli 說今年短髮在學生族群中很流行。
be + in for describing fashion trends
The café on Green Street became in almost overnight after food bloggers praised it.
美食部落客推薦後，綠街那家咖啡廳幾乎一夜之間爆紅。
become + in for sudden popularity
Tanvi asked whether wearing bright colours is still in for office parties.
Tanvi 問辦公室派對穿亮色衣服是否仍然流行。
For a few months last year, roller skating was really in at the local park.
去年有幾個月，溜直排輪在當地公園真的很流行。
Lucas thinks that collecting vinyl records is in again among teenagers.
Lucas 認為收集黑膠唱片又在年輕人當中流行起來了。
- trendy
informal like 'in', but can be used before nouns (e.g., a trendy jacket)
- fashionable
more formal than 'in'; commonly used in writing
- cool
broader meaning; can describe things beyond fashion
- popular
general term; not limited to fashion or trends
- out
direct opposite — means no longer fashionable
- unfashionable
more formal than 'out'
文法句型
be + in
become + in
seem + in
用法筆記
This adjective is always used after a linking verb (be, become, or seem) and never before a noun. For example, you cannot say 'an in style' — you must say 'a style that is in'.
常見錯誤
2. a written abbreviation meaning 'intranasal' — used in medical contexts to descri
鼻腔內
經由鼻腔給藥的醫學縮寫
a written abbreviation meaning 'intranasal' — used in medical contexts to describe medicine or treatment given through the nose
The doctor prescribed an in steroid spray for the patient's sinus infection.
醫師為病患的鼻竇感染開了一種鼻腔內類固醇噴劑。
medical abbreviation for intranasal route
According to the medical chart, the patient received a daily in treatment for her allergies.
根據病歷，該患者每天接受鼻腔內治療來控制過敏。
Lucía checked the prescription and confirmed that the in medication was correctly listed.
Lucía 核對了處方籤，確認鼻腔內用藥的品項正確。
The hospital guidelines recommend the in route for this type of flu prevention.
醫院指引建議採用鼻腔內方式進行這類流感預防。
- intranasal
the full written form; more formal and clearer
文法句型
in + noun (medical product or route)
用法筆記
This is a written abbreviation used mainly in medical charts, prescriptions, and journal articles. In everyday speech, the full word 'intranasal' is used instead.
常見錯誤
in — 副詞
1. moving from an outdoor or outer area into an enclosed space such as a building,
進來；進入
從外面移動到室內或容器內
moving from an outdoor or outer area into an enclosed space such as a building, room, or container.
Christopher rushed in through the back door to escape the sudden rain.
Christopher 為了躲避突如其來的大雨，從後門衝了進來。
motion verb: rush in
When the lunch bell rang, the students poured in from every direction.
午餐鈴聲一響，學生們從四面八方湧了進來。
phrasal pattern: pour in (large number)
Emma opened the garden gate and let the dog in before the storm started.
Emma 打開花園大門，在暴風雨來臨前把狗放了進來。
The old wooden window swung open, and cold air swept in from the street.
舊木窗被推開，冷空氣從街上灌了進來。
The window had been left open, and dry leaves had blown in overnight.
窗戶沒關，一整夜枯葉被風吹了進來。
- inside
more explicit about final location, but less natural with motion verbs
- out
opposite direction — away from the enclosed space
文法句型
come in
go in
rush in
let + object + in
用法筆記
Commonly paired with verbs of motion (come, go, run, rush, pour) or caused-motion verbs (let, bring, take). The opposite sense uses the adverb 'out'.
常見錯誤
2. staying in a hospital, prison, or similar institution, usually to receive medica
住院；收押
因治療或法律原因待在機構內
staying in a hospital, prison, or similar institution, usually to receive medical care or as a legal requirement.
After breaking his leg, Tariro was in for five days of hospital treatment.
Tariro 摔斷腿後，住院治療了五天。
pattern: be in for [duration + reason]
The suspect was brought in for questioning about the bank robbery.
嫌犯因銀行搶案被帶回來問話。
phrasal verb: bring [sb] in for
Kemi's grandmother is in for a routine check-up on her blood pressure.
Kemi 的祖母住院做例行血壓檢查。
After minor surgery, Dario was in for only one night before going home.
Dario 動完小手術後只住了一晚就回家了。
- out
discharged from hospital or released from custody
文法句型
be in for [treatment/reason]
bring [sb] in
用法筆記
Subject is a person staying in an institution. The phrase 'in for' specifies the reason. Frequently used in hospital and legal contexts. Distinguish from adverb sense 1 (FROM OUTSIDE), which involves movement rather than residence.
常見錯誤
3. present at one's home, workplace, or usual location, as opposed to being away or
在家；在場
人在住家、工作場所或常去的地方
present at one's home, workplace, or usual location, as opposed to being away or out.
I called Cyrus three times this morning, but he was not in.
我今天早上打了三次電話給 Cyrus，但他都不在。
common question/statement: [person] is/is not in
Is Mr. Chen in today, or is he attending the conference in Taipei?
陳先生今天在嗎，還是他去臺北開會了？
The manager asked everyone to stay in until the safety drill was over.
經理請所有人留下來，直到消防演習結束。
Rachid left a note on the door saying he would be in by three o'clock.
Rachid 在門上留了張字條，說他三點前會回來。
The repair technician should be in sometime between two and four this afternoon.
維修技師應該今天下午兩點到四點之間會到。
- present
more formal; used in official or workplace contexts
文法句型
be in
stay in
ask if [sb] is in
用法筆記
Common in questions and negatives to ask or state whether someone is at their usual place. Often used with 'be', 'stay', or 'keep'.
常見錯誤
4. positioned inside something such as a box, room, or material rather than on the
在裡面
位於物體、區域或物質的內部
positioned inside something such as a box, room, or material rather than on the outside.
The children were already in when the thunderstorm hit the village.
雷雨襲擊村莊時，孩子們已經在屋裡了。
stative: [person] is/are in (already inside)
Élise opened the jewellery box and found a gold necklace still in.
Élise 打開珠寶盒，發現一條金項鍊還留在裡面。
stative with object: find [sth] in
The cat stayed in all day because of the freezing temperatures outside.
因為外面氣溫冰冷，貓咪整天都待在屋裡。
Reema closed the suitcase with her camera safely in.
Reema 闔上行李箱，確認相機安全地放在裡面。
Kasia kept the milk in so it would stay cold until breakfast.
Kasia 把牛奶冰在冰箱裡，這樣到早餐前都還能保持新鮮。
文法句型
stay in
keep [sth] in
be in
用法筆記
Stative — describes something that already occupies an interior space, not the act of entering (see sense 1 FROM OUTSIDE). Object in 'keep [sth] in' must be something that can be stored or contained.
常見錯誤
5. having reached the scheduled stopping point, such as a station or airport, where
抵達；進站
交通工具已到站可上下車
having reached the scheduled stopping point, such as a station or airport, where people may board or leave.
The train from Kaohsiung is in, arriving on platform two.
從高雄來的火車已經進站，停在第二月臺。
common announcement: [vehicle] is in
Vinícius checked the departures board and saw that his flight was already in.
Vinícius 看了一下航班資訊板，發現他的班機已經抵達了。
Once the bus is in, passengers may board through the front door.
公車進站後，乘客可以從前門上車。
The ferry from Penghu should be in by six o'clock if the weather stays calm.
如果天氣維持平穩，從澎湖來的渡輪應該六點前會到。
- arrived
broader meaning; can apply to people and packages too
- out
not arrived, or having departed
文法句型
[train/bus/plane/ferry] is in
come in
get in
用法筆記
Subject is always a vehicle (train, bus, plane, ferry, ship). Commonly heard in station and airport announcements. This sense is distinct from sense 1 (FROM OUTSIDE), which describes a person or thing entering a space.
常見錯誤
6. delivered or submitted to an official, an organisation, or an authority for revi
提交；送交
已交給有關單位以便審閱
delivered or submitted to an official, an organisation, or an authority for review, consideration, or approval.
The scholarship application was in a week before the deadline.
獎學金申請書在截止日一週前就交了。
passive: [document] is in
Dario made sure his tax return was in by the end of March.
Dario 確定他的報稅單在三月底前送交了。
Has the quarterly report been in yet, or is the finance team still finalising it?
季度報告已經送出去了嗎，還是財務團隊還在定稿？
If your entry is in before Friday, you are guaranteed a spot in the competition.
如果你的報名表在星期五之前送達，就保證可以參賽。
Cyrus checked twice to confirm that his signed form was in before the office closed.
Cyrus 檢查了兩次，確認簽名的表格在辦公室關門前已送交。
文法句型
[document] is in
[form/application] has been in
用法筆記
Subject is always a document, form, application, report, or similar written item. Rarely used for spoken submissions. Common in academic, administrative, and competition contexts.
常見錯誤
7. toward the shore, beach, or harbour area — used especially to describe the movem
靠岸
朝向海岸、沙灘或港口
toward the shore, beach, or harbour area — used especially to describe the movement of the tide or a ship arriving at land.
The tide was coming in fast, covering the sandy stretch of beach.
潮水快速湧上岸，覆蓋了那片沙灘。
come in — describing tide moving toward shore
Stephanie watched the ferry come in as the sun began to set over the water.
Stephanie 看著渡輪在夕陽西下時緩緩靠岸。
After a long night at sea, the fishing boat headed in to the harbour.
經過一整晚的航行，漁船駛入港灣。
The coastguard radioed that the rescue vessel was coming in to pick up the sailors.
海岸巡防隊通報，救難船即將進港接走船員。
Roya watched the sailboat come in through the narrow channel between the rocks.
Roya 看著帆船穿過岩石間的狹窄水道駛入。
- ashore
more formal and suggests reaching the shore specifically, rather than moving toward it
- toward land
less idiomatic; describes direction without the sense of arrival built into 'in'
- out
used of the tide moving away from shore (e.g. the tide is going out)
用法筆記
The most common verbs used with this sense are come in and head in, describing the movement of tides, boats, or ships toward land.
常見錯誤
8. used after a verb to show that an action makes something finished, submitted, or
完成；繳交
使某動作完成或交付
used after a verb to show that an action makes something finished, submitted, or fully incorporated — for example, handing in homework or filling in a hole.
Maeve handed her essay in just before the midday deadline.
Maeve 在中午截止時間前繳交了她的報告。
hand in — submitting work for completion
The builders filled the hole in with fresh concrete yesterday morning.
工人昨天早上用新澆灌的混凝土把洞填平了。
fill in — making a surface complete again
Joon gave his report in to the department manager on Tuesday.
Joon 在星期二把報告交給了部門經理。
The teacher asked the class to fill the missing answers in on the worksheet.
老師要求全班在學習單上填入遺漏的答案。
Noa dropped the signed contract in at the office on her way home.
Noa 在回家途中把簽好的合約送到了辦公室。
用法筆記
Only used as a particle attached to verbs like hand, fill, give, drop, and send. It cannot stand alone as the adverb for this meaning — the verb must precede it in a phrasal construction.
常見錯誤
9. within the legal playing area of a sport such as tennis or badminton, so that pl
界內
球在比賽場地界線內
within the legal playing area of a sport such as tennis or badminton, so that play continues because the ball or shuttlecock has not landed outside the marked lines.
The umpire signalled that the ball was in, so the point continued.
裁判示意球在界內，比賽繼續進行。
be in — within playing boundaries
Manuela watched the line judge call the serve in during the final set.
Manuela 看著邊線裁判在決勝盤中判定發球落在界內。
Dario argued that the shuttlecock had clearly landed in for the winning point.
Dario 爭論羽球明顯落在界內，應該是得分球。
A point is awarded when the opponent's shot lands in and cannot be returned.
當對手的球落在界內且無法回擊時，即判得分。
The tennis coach showed beginners how to check if a ball is in or out.
網球教練教初學者如何判斷球是否落在界內。
- within the lines
descriptive phrase rather than a single synonym; used in tennis and badminton
- good
shorter term used in some sports to mean the ball stayed in bounds
- out
the ball or shuttlecock has landed outside the playing area
用法筆記
Almost always used with the verb be or land, and frequently contrasted with out in sports commentary. The subject is always a ball, shuttlecock, or similar game object.
常見錯誤
10. having the right or opportunity to play next in a game or sport, especially one'
上場；輪到
輪到上場比賽或擊球
having the right or opportunity to play next in a game or sport, especially one's turn to bat, serve, or hit the ball.
"You are in next," the table tennis coach said to Chidi.
桌球教練對 Chidi 說：「你下一個上場。」
be in next — taking one's turn to play
Stefan checked the scoreboard to see which player was in to bat.
Stefan 查看記分板，看哪位選手上場打擊。
The referee called Ayesha's name and signalled that she was in for the next round.
裁判喊了 Ayesha 的名字，示意她準備上場進行下一輪。
After waiting two hours, Lucía was finally in for her turn on the court.
等了兩個小時後，Lucía 終於輪到她上場比賽了。
When a player gets injured, the substitute is in to take their place.
當有選手受傷時，替補球員便上場接替其位置。
- out
the player has been removed from the game or has finished their turn
用法筆記
Subject is always a person (the player). Distinguish from the WITHIN BOUNDS sense (sense 9), where the subject is the ball. Frequently followed by next or an infinitive clause (in to bat, in to serve).
常見錯誤
in — 字首
1. a letter group placed at the start of an adjective, or a word made from an adjec
不；非；無
加在形容詞前表示否定
a letter group placed at the start of an adjective, or a word made from an adjective, to show the opposite meaning; for instance, adding 'in-' to 'visible' gives 'invisible', meaning not able to be seen.
The report was incomplete, so Yumi asked her teacher for more time.
報告不完整，所以 Yumi 向老師要求更多時間。
in- + complete = incomplete (not complete)
Aoi corrected the incorrect figures in the spreadsheet before the meeting.
Aoi 在會議前更正了試算表中不正確的數字。
in- + correct = incorrect (wrong), used attributively before a noun
Since the workers went on strike in March, the factory has been inactive.
自從三月工人罷工以來，這間工廠就一直處於不活躍的狀態。
A chameleon can make itself almost invisible by changing its skin colour.
變色龍可以改變皮膚的顏色，讓自己幾乎隱形。
For the beach party, Christopher suggested informal clothes instead of suits.
Christopher 建議海灘派對穿非正式的服裝，不要穿西裝。
- un-
the most common English negative prefix, used with many adjectives of Germanic origin (unhappy, unfair); 'in-' typically appears with words of Latin origin (inactive, incorrect).
文法句型
in- + adjective
in- + adjective-derived noun
用法筆記
Before the letter 'l', the prefix changes to 'il-' (illegal); before 'b', 'm', or 'p', it becomes 'im-' (impossible, imbalance); before 'r', it becomes 'ir-' (irregular). These adjustments make the combined word easier to pronounce.
常見錯誤
in — 介系詞
1. located inside the boundaries of a container, room, building, or outdoor area —
在…裡面
位於容器、空間或區域的內部
located inside the boundaries of a container, room, building, or outdoor area — for example, a key lying inside a drawer, a child standing inside a room, or a boat floating on the middle of a lake.
The cat is sleeping in the box beside the sofa.
那隻貓正在沙發旁的盒子裡面睡覺。
in + [container]: physical location inside
Harper keeps her notebooks in that blue drawer.
Harper 把她的筆記本放在那個藍色抽屜裡面。
There is fresh fruit in the bowl on the table.
桌上的碗裡面有新鮮水果。
The children are playing in the park near the school.
孩子們正在學校附近的公園裡面玩耍。
Aarav found his wallet in the pocket of his coat.
Aarav 在他的外套口袋裡面找到了錢包。
- outside
the opposite location — not inside the boundaries of something
文法句型
in + [container/place/area]
常見錯誤
2. showing movement or direction from outside to the inside of a place, container,
進入
從外部移動到內部
showing movement or direction from outside to the inside of a place, container, or area — used with verbs such as put, go, get, jump, throw, or walk.
Haruto jumped in the pool with a big splash.
Haruto 撲通一聲跳進游泳池裡。
[verb of motion] + in + [destination]: movement into
Élise put the clean clothes in the wardrobe.
Élise 把乾淨的衣服放進衣櫃裡。
put + in + [container]: inserting something
The dog ran in the house when the rain started.
下雨的時候，那隻狗跑進了屋子裡。
Antonia threw the empty bottle in the recycling bin.
Antonia 把空瓶子扔進了回收桶裡。
Mert dipped his brush in the paint before starting.
Mert 在開始作畫前把畫筆蘸進了顏料裡。
文法句型
[verb of motion] + in + [destination]
用法筆記
This sense overlaps with the preposition 'into'. In everyday speech, 'in' is commonly used instead of 'into' after verbs of movement ('get in the car', 'jump in the water'). 'Into' is preferred in more formal writing.
常見錯誤
3. forming part of a group, organisation, activity, or system — being one of the el
屬於
是某群體、活動或系統的一部分
forming part of a group, organisation, activity, or system — being one of the elements that make up a whole, such as a member of a team, an ingredient in a recipe, or a component in a plan.
Dewi has a small role in the school play this year.
Dewi 今年在學校的戲劇表演中扮演一個小角色。
in + [activity]: being part of an event
There are twelve players in a volleyball team.
一支排球隊有十二名球員。
in + [group]: membership
Adisa invested money in his cousin's new restaurant.
Adisa 投資了他表哥的新餐廳。
The new system has some problems in its design.
這個新系統在設計上存在一些問題。
Yael believes in the importance of helping others.
Yael 相信幫助他人的重要性。
- part of
more direct; 'in' is the preposition while 'part of' is a phrase
文法句型
in + [group/organisation/activity]
4. at some point inside a named time segment or throughout the whole of it — used w
在…期間
在某一時段內或整個期間
at some point inside a named time segment or throughout the whole of it — used with parts of the day, months, seasons, years, and longer historical spans.
We often go to the beach in the summer months.
我們常在夏天的幾個月裡去海邊。
in + [season]: within a season
The shop is very busy in the afternoon after lunch.
這家店在午飯後的下午時段非常忙碌。
Hui likes to read stories in the evening before bed.
Hui 喜歡在睡前的那段傍晚時間讀故事。
In the morning, the streets are quiet and empty.
早上的時候，街上安安靜靜的。
Many birds fly south in the winter to find warmth.
許多鳥類冬天會飛往南方尋找溫暖。
- during
more explicit about the time span; 'in' is shorter and more conversational
文法句型
in + [time period]
用法筆記
Use 'in' with parts of the day (morning, afternoon, evening), months (in April), seasons (in summer), and years (in 2024). Use 'at' for clock times (at 3 o'clock) and 'on' for days and dates (on Monday, on July 5th).
常見錯誤
5. within the time that lies between two specific events, dates, or reference point
在…之間
在兩個明確時間點之間的間隔內
within the time that lies between two specific events, dates, or reference points — used to describe something that happens or exists in the interval.
In the time between school and dinner, Bao does his homework.
在放學到晚餐之間的時間，Bao 會做功課。
in + [interval between two events]
The house was rebuilt in the years just after the war.
那棟房子在戰爭結束後的幾年內重建了。
We plan to finish the painting in the week before the party.
我們計劃在派對前一週內完成油漆工作。
The weather changes a lot in the period between spring and summer.
春季和夏季之間的這段時期天氣變化很大。
Haruto grew eight centimetres in the year after he turned eleven.
Haruto 在滿十一歲後的那一年長高了八公分。
- within
more formal; can also mean 'no longer than'
文法句型
in + [time span between two reference points]
用法筆記
Distinguish from the DURING sense (sense 4): sense 4 refers to a broad or recurring period (in summer, in the morning), while this sense names a span bounded by specific reference points (in the week before the exam, in the years after the war).
6. no more than a stated length of time — used to set an upper limit on how long a
不超過
不超過某個時間上限即可完成
no more than a stated length of time — used to set an upper limit on how long a process takes, emphasising the speed or capacity with which something can be done, such as cooking a meal in twenty minutes or reaching a shop in five minutes.
The pasta will be ready in about ten minutes.
義大利麵大約十分鐘以內就會好。
in + [duration]: maximum time needed
Ravindra ran the race in under twelve seconds.
Ravindra 在十二秒以內跑完了比賽。
The doctor can see you in about half an hour.
醫生大約半小時以內可以看診。
The whole class finished the test in just twenty minutes.
全班在短短二十分鐘以內就寫完了測驗。
Hui can walk to the station in five minutes from her house.
Hui 從她家走路到車站不超過五分鐘。
- within
more formal; emphasises the upper time limit
文法句型
in + [time duration]
用法筆記
This sense answers 'how long does it take?' and can be rephrased with 'within' ('within ten minutes') or 'in no more than' ('in no more than ten minutes'). Not to be confused with sense 4 (DURING), which answers 'when?' — compare 'I did it in the morning' (when) with 'I did it in one hour' (how long it took).
常見錯誤
7. before a specific time limit runs out — used to indicate that an event or result
截止前
在某個期限到來之前完成
before a specific time limit runs out — used to indicate that an event or result will happen by the time a stated period finishes, such as completing a project within a week or wrapping up a meeting inside an hour.
Eitan finished the exam in just forty-five minutes.
Eitan 在四十五分鐘內就寫完了考試。
in + time period for completion
The bus will be here in ten minutes, so please get ready.
公車十分鐘後會到，請做好準備。
Jisoo learned to swim in three weeks, which surprised her family.
Jisoo 在三週內學會了游泳，讓她的家人很驚訝。
I will have the report ready for you in an hour.
我會在一小時內把報告準備好給你。
Piotr promised to finish the website design in three weeks, before the deadline.
Piotr 答應在三週內完成網站設計，趕上截止日期。
- within
more formal; emphasises that the action happens before the time limit, not at the end of it
- after
only when 'in' carries the 'before the end of' meaning; 'after' places the event following the time limit
用法筆記
Common in future-tense statements about how soon an action or event will happen. The time expression that follows can be a number + unit ("ten minutes," "three weeks") or a vague duration ("a while," "no time").
常見錯誤
8. in a particular state, situation, or emotional condition that affects you — for
處於…中
處於某種狀態或情緒中
in a particular state, situation, or emotional condition that affects you — for example, being in trouble with a landlord, in love with someone, or in a dangerous place.
Jisoo is in trouble with her landlord for not paying the rent.
Jisoo 因為沒付房租而跟房東有了麻煩。
in + noun phrase (state or situation)
The company is in a difficult financial situation this year.
這家公司今年處於財務困難的狀況。
Leo was in love with Amira from the moment they met.
Leo 和 Amira 從相遇的那一刻起就陷入了愛河。
After the earthquake, the whole town was in shock for days.
地震過後，整個城鎮好幾天都處於震驚之中。
Vinícius found himself in a dangerous position on the mountain.
Vinícius 發現自己身處山上的危險位置。
- in the middle of
more informal; emphasises being actively involved in a situation
- undergoing
more formal; used especially for processes like medical treatment or training
- out of
direct opposite: 'out of trouble' vs 'in trouble,' 'out of danger' vs 'in danger'
用法筆記
Frequently followed by a noun phrase that names a state, emotion, or situation: 'in trouble,' 'in love,' 'in shock,' 'in danger,' 'in a position.' The subject is usually a person, group, or organisation that is affected.
常見錯誤
9. using a particular language, style, material, or format to communicate something
用；以
用某種語言或方式表達
using a particular language, style, material, or format to communicate something — for example, writing a message in English, painting a picture in oil, or stating a price in dollars.
Please write your answer in English, not in your native language.
請用英文作答，不要用你的母語。
in + language name
The secret message was written in a code that only the team could understand.
這則祕密訊息是用只有小組成員才看得懂的密碼寫的。
Karim painted the portrait in oil, which gave it a rich texture.
Karim 用油彩畫了這幅肖像，讓它呈現出豐富的質感。
All prices are listed in US dollars on the website.
網站上的所有價格都以美元標示。
Amira explained her idea in simple words so everyone could follow.
Amira 用簡單的詞語解釋了她的想法，讓每個人都能聽懂。
用法筆記
Followed by a noun that specifies the medium of communication: a language ('in English,' 'in French'), a format ('in writing,' 'in code'), a material ('in oil,' 'in pencil'), or a manner ('in simple words').
常見錯誤
10. as a reaction, response, or emotional consequence of something that has just hap
因…而
因為某事而做出反應或行動
as a reaction, response, or emotional consequence of something that has just happened — for example, calling your parents in celebration of getting a job, or leaving a party in anger after an argument.
In response to the criticism, the manager changed the team's schedule.
為了回應批評，經理更改了團隊的行程表。
in + reaction noun phrase at clause start
The government raised taxes in an effort to reduce the national debt.
政府為了減少國債而提高了稅收。
in + purpose noun phrase
Christopher called his parents in celebration of getting the job.
Christopher 為了慶祝找到工作而打電話給父母。
Andrei left the party in anger after the argument with his friend.
Andrei 和朋友吵架後，氣沖沖地離開了派對。
The Kim family donated money in memory of their grandmother who passed away.
Kim 一家人為了紀念過世的祖母而捐款。
- as a result of
more explicit about causation; works as a full phrase replacement for the whole 'in + noun' structure
- due to
formal; emphasises the reason rather than the action taken in response
用法筆記
The 'in + noun' phrase usually appears at the beginning of a clause or after the main verb. Common structures: 'in + noun' (in anger), 'in + noun + of + noun phrase' (in celebration of the win), 'in + noun + to-infinitive' (in an effort to help).
常見錯誤
11. showing how people or objects are positioned, grouped, or divided — for example,
成…形
表示排列或分組的方式
showing how people or objects are positioned, grouped, or divided — for example, sitting in a circle, arranging chairs in rows, or cutting a cake in half.
The students sat in a circle so they could see each other's faces.
學生們坐成一個圓圈，這樣就能看到彼此的臉。
in + shape/arrangement (circle)
Please arrange the chairs in rows of five for the ceremony.
請把椅子排成五行，準備典禮使用。
The family photos were hung in a line along the hallway wall.
家庭照片沿著走廊的牆壁排成一排掛著。
Gita divided the cake in half and gave one piece to each child.
Gita 把蛋糕切成兩半，給了每個孩子一塊。
The team stood in a straight line waiting for their turn.
隊伍站成一列直線等候輪到他們。
- arranged as
more explicit; used in descriptions: 'arranged as a circle'
- in the shape of
more literal; emphasises the physical form: 'in the shape of a half-moon'
用法筆記
Followed by a noun phrase that describes the shape, pattern, or division: 'in a circle,' 'in rows,' 'in half,' 'in a line.' The verb is often about placing, dividing, or positioning (arrange, sit, stand, hang, divide, cut).
常見錯誤
12. used when talking approximately about how old someone is or how hot or cold the
約…歲；…度
表示大約的年齡或溫度
used when talking approximately about how old someone is or how hot or cold the weather is — for example, a person in their early thirties, or a temperature in the high twenties.
Niran is in his early thirties, but he looks much younger.
Niran 大約三十出頭，但看起來年輕許多。
in his/her + plural age range
The temperature today is in the high twenties, perfect for the beach.
今天氣溫大約二十幾度，很適合去海灘。
in the + temperature range
My grandmother is in her nineties and still walks every morning.
我的祖母已經九十多歲了，還是每天早上去散步。
The temperature outside is in the low forties, so bring a coat.
外面氣溫大約四十度出頭，所以帶件外套吧。
Most students in the class are in their late teens.
班上的大多數學生都大約十幾歲。
- around
more general; can replace 'in' for both age and temperature but sounds less natural in fixed patterns like 'in his twenties'
- approximately
formal; used in writing or statistical contexts
用法筆記
For age, followed by a possessive determiner ('his,' 'her,' 'their,' 'its') plus a plural number or 'teens' — 'in his twenties,' 'in her early thirties,' 'in their late teens.' For temperature, followed by 'the' plus a plural number — 'in the low forties,' 'in the high twenties.' Modifiers like 'early,' 'mid,' and 'late' make the reference more specific.
常見錯誤
13. taking part in or having a connection with something such as an event, a field o
參與；從事
與某活動或領域有關聯
taking part in or having a connection with something such as an event, a field of study, or an area of work.
Hoa has been in the music industry for over twelve years now.
Hoa 進入音樂產業已經超過十二年了。
in + [field/profession] for participation
Eli and his team are in the final stage of building the new bridge.
Eli 和他的團隊正在建造新大橋的最後階段。
Noor is not in the habit of checking work messages after ten at night.
Noor 沒有在晚上十點後查看工作訊息的習慣。
The librarian was deeply involved in the community reading programme.
那位圖書館員積極參與社區閱讀計畫。
Are you still in the student exchange programme for next semester?
你下學期還要參加學生交換計畫嗎？
- involved in
more explicit about active participation; 'in' alone is shorter and more common in everyday speech
- engaged in
more formal; implies active, focused involvement rather than simple membership
- out of
the opposite of being involved in an activity or field
14. having clothes, jewellery, or other items on your body as part of your appearanc
穿著
身上穿戴著特定衣物或飾品
having clothes, jewellery, or other items on your body as part of your appearance.
Élise looked elegant in her long silk dress at the wedding.
Élise 在婚禮上穿著她的長絲質禮服，看起來很優雅。
in + [clothing] for describing appearance
The woman in the red hat is waiting for the tour guide.
那位戴紅帽子的女士正在等導遊。
Arjun felt relaxed in his old cotton shirt and jeans.
Arjun 穿著舊棉襯衫和牛仔褲，感覺很輕鬆。
Children in bright yellow rain boots jumped into every puddle.
穿著亮黃色雨靴的孩子們跳進每一個水坑。
Antonia walked onto the stage in a pair of simple black shoes.
Antonia 穿著一雙簡單的黑鞋走上舞台。
- wearing
more active and specific; 'in' describes a state or visual impression
- dressed in
slightly more formal; 'dressed in a suit and tie'
用法筆記
Followed by a noun phrase describing the clothing or accessory. Common in descriptions of people: 'the man in the suit', 'the girl in glasses'.
常見錯誤
15. showing how a number or quantity relates to the total of which it is a part, oft
比例；每
表示部分在總量中所佔比例
showing how a number or quantity relates to the total of which it is a part, often expressed as a rate, ratio, or proportion.
One in every five students at the school speaks two languages.
這所學校裡每五名學生中就有一人會說兩種語言。
one in + [number] for expressing proportions
The success rate was about nine in ten for that medical treatment.
那種治療的成功率大約是每十例中有九例成功。
Tax of twenty dollars in every hundred is taken from your pay.
你的收入中每一百元就要繳二十元的稅。
Only two people in the whole group of fifty had ever been abroad before.
整個五十人的團體中，只有兩個人以前出過國。
A litre of paint covers roughly twelve square metres in every coat.
每刷一層漆，一公升大約可以覆蓋十二平方公尺的面積。
用法筆記
The structure is typically '[number] in [total]': 'three in ten', 'one in a million'. The total can be explicit ('in every hundred') or implied ('in ten').
16. used when describing a particular feature, quality, or aspect that someone or so
在…方面
描述某人或某物的特定特質
used when describing a particular feature, quality, or aspect that someone or something has, often in comparisons or judgements.
The two suitcases are similar in size but very different in weight.
這兩個行李箱大小相似，但重量差很多。
similar/different in + [quality] for comparisons
Feng is quite tall for his age but still a child in behaviour.
Feng 以他的年齡來說算很高了，但行為上還是個孩子。
The old house was cold in winter and dark in every room.
那棟老房子冬天很冷，而且每個房間都很暗。
Hana is ahead of her classmates in mathematics but behind in reading.
Hana 的數學進度領先同學，但閱讀方面落後。
These phones are nearly equal in price so pick the one you like best.
這幾支手機價格幾乎相同，挑你最喜歡的那一支就好。
- regarding
more formal; 'regarding price' instead of 'in price'; less natural in everyday speech
- with respect to
very formal; used in academic or legal writing rather than conversation
用法筆記
Often paired with adjectives of comparison: 'similar in', 'different in', 'equal in', 'alike in'. The noun after 'in' names the specific quality being judged.
17. while carrying out an action that produces a particular result, change, or situa
經由；因
進行某動作因而導致某事發生
while carrying out an action that produces a particular result, change, or situation at the same time.
In leaving the company early, Christopher missed out on a large bonus.
Christopher 因為提早離開公司，錯過了一筆豐厚的獎金。
in + -ing for cause-and-effect
The chef burned his hand in taking a hot tray out of the oven.
廚師在從烤箱取出熱烤盤時燙傷了手。
In choosing the cheaper materials, the builder saved over two thousand dollars.
建築商因為選用較便宜的材料，省下了兩千多美元。
Nadia cut her finger in opening the tin of beans for dinner.
Nadia 在打開晚餐用的豆子罐頭時割傷了手指。
In helping his neighbour carry furniture upstairs, David hurt his back.
David 在幫鄰居搬家具上樓時傷到了背。
用法筆記
Always followed by an '-ing' verb form. The subject of the main clause is usually also the doer of the '-ing' action. This structure connects a physical action to its immediate consequence.
常見錯誤
18. used to introduce the specific reason why a given statement is true or valid, es
因為
引出某項陳述的理由或根據
used to introduce the specific reason why a given statement is true or valid, especially in formal writing or explanations.
The surgery was a success in that the tumour was fully removed.
手術成功之處在於腫瘤被徹底切除了。
in that + clause for giving a reason
Ilan's advice was helpful in that it saved us a great deal of time.
Ilan 的建議很有幫助，因為為我們省下了大量時間。
The design is clever in that it uses very little energy to run.
這項設計很巧妙，因為它運轉時耗能極少。
Baraka was lucky in that his passport was found before the flight left.
Baraka 很幸運，因為他的護照在飛機起飛前找到了。
Yara's plan was risky in that it depended entirely on good weather.
Yara 的計畫風險很高，因為完全要依賴好天氣。
- because
less formal and far more common in everyday English; 'in that' is more precise and used in formal writing
- since
similar formality to 'in that'; works when the reason is already known or obvious
- for the reason that
equally formal but less common; 'in that' is more concise
用法筆記
Almost always occurs in the fixed expression 'in that' followed by a clause. More formal than plain 'because'. Common in academic writing and formal explanations. The clause after 'in that' specifies the exact respect in which the statement is true.
常見錯誤
in — 字尾
1. Added after a verb, this suffix produces a noun for a joint gathering that numbe
集體活動
加在動詞後，指多人共同參加的活動
Added after a verb, this suffix produces a noun for a joint gathering that numbers of people join, often to make a protest or back a shared belief.
Marco and his classmates held a sit-in at the library to protest fee increases.
Marco 和同學在圖書館舉行靜坐抗議，反對新的費用調漲。
suffix -in: verb 'sit' → noun 'sit-in' (protest)
Élise helped organise a teach-in about climate change at the local community centre.
Élise 協助在當地社區中心舉辦了一場關於氣候變遷的座談會。
suffix -in on 'teach' gives 'teach-in' (educational event)
Aoi joined a die-in on the main street to raise awareness about traffic safety.
Aoi 參加了在主要街道上舉辦的裝死抗議活動，以提高大家對交通安全的關注。
Vivek and his neighbours planned a read-in at the park to share neighbourhood stories.
Vivek 和鄰居們在公園籌劃了一場閱讀會，分享他們社區的故事。
Beatriz joined a lie-in outside the factory gates to call for better working conditions.
Beatriz 加入工廠門口的臥地抗議，要求改善工作條件。
文法句型
[verb] + in
用法筆記
The -in suffix attaches to certain verbs to form countable nouns (e.g., two sit-ins). It is most common in informal news reporting and activist language. Not every verb can take this suffix — learners should learn the established -in words as fixed vocabulary items.