north
north — 名詞
1. the direction that points toward the top of the globe, opposite to south, shown
北方；北邊
地理方位，與南方相對
the direction that points toward the top of the globe, opposite to south, shown at the top of most maps; also, the part of a city, country, or region that lies in that direction.
Manuela checked the compass and saw that the cabin lay to the north of the river.
Manuela 檢查羅盤，發現小屋在河以北。
collocation: to the north of [place]
The restaurant is on the north side of the square, just past the bank.
那家餐廳在廣場北側，銀行旁邊。
collocation: north side of [place]
Geese fly south for the winter and return north in the spring.
雁群冬季南飛，春季北返。
The north of the island receives far more rain than the south does.
島嶼北部的降雨量遠多過南部。
Hyun grew up in a small town in the north of Sweden.
Hyun 在瑞典北部的一個小鎮長大。
- northward
used only as an adverb or adjective, not as a noun for a region
- northern part
more explicit when specifying a sub-area rather than the whole direction
- south
the opposite direction and region
文法句型
the north + of + [place]
用法筆記
When referring to a direction rather than a region, no article is used ('heading north'). When referring to a specific northern area, 'the north' is used ('the north of England').
常見錯誤
2. the set of wealthy, heavily industrialized nations found mainly in the northern
已開發國家
全球較富裕的工業化國家
the set of wealthy, heavily industrialized nations found mainly in the northern half of the planet; also referred to as the Global North.
The summit brought together leaders from the North and the South to discuss trade.
這場峰會召集了南北國家的領袖共同討論貿易議題。
contrastive: the North and the South
Many aid programmes are designed to transfer technology from the North to developing nations.
許多援助計畫旨在將技術從已開發國家轉移到發展中國家。
Scholars argue that the North's consumption patterns drive global climate change.
學者認為已開發國家的消費模式正在驅動全球氣候變遷。
Debates about fair trade often highlight the gap between the North and the South.
公平貿易的辯論經常強調南北之間的差距。
- Global North
more precise modern term that avoids the literal geography issue
- developed world
broader; includes countries like Australia and New Zealand that are in the southern hemisphere but economically advanced
- Global South
less developed and poorer countries, many in the southern hemisphere
文法句型
the North = the wealthy industrialized countries
用法筆記
Always capitalized in this sense. Often contrasted with 'the South' (developing nations). Frequently used in political, economic, and development studies contexts.
常見錯誤
3. the group of US states that stayed loyal to the Union during the Civil War (1861
北方聯邦；北
美國內戰中反叛亂的北方聯邦
the group of US states that stayed loyal to the Union during the Civil War (1861–1865) and fought the seceding Southern states.
After the war, the North imposed conditions on the Southern states before they could rejoin the Union.
戰後，北方對南方各州施加條件，才准其重新加入聯邦。
historical context: the North imposed conditions
Arjun read about how the North's industrial advantage helped it win the Civil War.
Arjun 讀到北方如何憑藉工業優勢贏得內戰。
Slavery was outlawed in the North long before the conflict began.
早在衝突爆發前，奴隸制在北方就已廢除。
Museums in the North display battle flags captured from Confederate regiments.
北方的博物館展示著從南方邦聯部隊繳獲的戰旗。
- the Union
the more formal name for the federal government and states that fought together
- the Northern states
more transparent geographical label
- the Confederacy
the Southern states that seceded
- the South
the opposing side in the Civil War
文法句型
the North = Union states during the US Civil War
用法筆記
Always capitalized in this sense. Refers specifically to the 19th-century Union states, not just any northern part of the US.
常見錯誤
north — 形容詞
1. located in, on, or forming the northern side or part of a place, area, or thing.
北部；北側
位於或構成某物的北部
located in, on, or forming the northern side or part of a place, area, or thing.
Christopher parked the van at the north entrance of the stadium.
Christopher 把廂型車停在體育館北入口。
collocation: north entrance / north side / north wall
The north coast of the island has steep cliffs and strong currents.
島嶼北岸有陡峭的懸崖和強勁的海流。
Tamar took a room on the north side of the hotel for the mountain view.
Tamar 挑了飯店北側的房間，以便欣賞山景。
The north tower of the castle was the first to be built.
城堡北塔是最先興建的。
Yara's office is in the north wing of the hospital.
Yara 的辦公室在醫院北翼。
- south
the opposite side or part (used attributively: 'south entrance')
文法句型
north + [noun]
用法筆記
Attributive only — 'north' as an adjective always comes before a noun ('north wall', 'north entrance'). For predicative use ('the wall is north'), use 'north' as an adverb. Not to be confused with 'northern', which often implies a broader or less precise area ('northern Europe' vs 'north London').
常見錯誤
2. a wind that blows from the north toward the south.
來自北方的
從北方向南方吹的（風）
a wind that blows from the north toward the south.
A cold north wind swept across the plains all through the night.
一陣寒冷的北風整夜掠過平原。
collocation: north wind / north breeze / north gale
The sailors welcomed the steady north breeze that pushed them toward the harbour.
船員們很歡迎那股穩定的北風，把他們推向港口。
Élise buttoned her coat tight against the sharp north gale.
Élise 把外套扣得緊緊的，抵擋刺骨的北風。
The north breeze carried the scent of pine from the forest.
北風帶來了森林中松樹的香氣。
Farmers feared the north gale would flatten the wheat before harvest.
農夫擔心北風會在小麥收成前把它們吹倒。
- northerly wind
more formal or technical in weather reports; 'north wind' is more traditional and poetic
- northerly
a noun that can also refer to a wind from the north
- south wind
a wind blowing from the south
文法句型
north + [wind/gust/breeze]
用法筆記
Only used attributively before wind-related nouns ('north wind', 'north breeze'). Do not use with compass directions like 'northwest' — for those, use 'northwesterly wind'. The noun phrase 'north wind' is also used.
常見錯誤
north — 副詞
1. in a direction that points toward the North Pole or the northern part of a place
向北；朝北
朝北方移動的方向
in a direction that points toward the North Pole or the northern part of a place.
The convoy turned north after crossing the bridge.
車隊過橋後轉向北行駛。
pattern: [verb] + north
Sirin and Jude decided to drive north for their summer holiday.
Sirin 和 Jude 決定開車北上度暑假。
The river flows north before it meets the sea.
那條河向北流，然後入海。
Obi looked north across the valley and saw the storm approaching.
Obi 向北眺望山谷，看見暴風雨正在逼近。
A sign at the fork said 'London 120 km north'.
岔路口的標誌寫著「倫敦，北方120公里」。
- northward(s)
slightly more formal and often used in writing ('migrate northwards')
- northerly
used as adverb mainly in weather and sailing contexts ('sail northerly')
- south
toward the south
文法句型
[verb] + north
north + [preposition]
用法筆記
No article or preposition is needed before 'north' when used as an adverb ('turn north', not 'turn to north'). However, 'to the north' (prepositional phrase) is also common and standard.
常見錯誤
2. in or to the northern area of a country, region, or city; used with 'of' to spec
在北方；以北
位於某地北部或朝北移動
in or to the northern area of a country, region, or city; used with 'of' to specify what lies north of a named place.
The village lies about thirty kilometres north of the capital.
那個村莊位於首都以北約三十公里處。
pattern: [distance] + north of + [place]
Tariro lives north of the river in the older part of town.
Tariro 住在河以北較老的城區。
Ada moved to a city north of the border for a new job.
Ada 搬到邊境以北的一個城市去工作。
The best farmland is north of the mountain range.
最好的農地位於山脈以北。
- to the north of
a prepositional alternative with the same meaning
- north of
most concise form
- south of
in or to the southern area of a place
- to the south of
the opposite relative location
文法句型
[verb] + north of + [place]
用法筆記
This sense always requires 'of' to specify a reference point. Contrast with sense 1, which focuses on direction of movement rather than relative location.
常見錯誤
north — 人名
1. Douglass Cecil North (1920–2015), an American economist who won the Nobel Prize
North
1993年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主
Douglass Cecil North (1920–2015), an American economist who won the Nobel Prize in 1993 for his work on economic history and the role of institutions in economic development.
North argued that institutional change drives long-term economic growth.
North 主張制度變遷是長期經濟成長的驅動力。
key idea: institutions and economic growth
Students of development economics still read North's work on property rights.
修習發展經濟學的學生至今仍研讀 North 關於產權的著作。
North's research showed how secure property rights helped economies grow.
North 的研究顯示，穩固的產權有助於經濟成長。
Many universities include North's theories in their economic history courses.
許多大學在經濟史課程中納入 North 的理論。
用法筆記
Often referred to simply as 'Douglass North' in academic contexts. His key works include 'The Rise of the Western World' and 'Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance'.
2. Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (1732–1792), known as Lord North, a Britis
諾斯勳爵
美國獨立戰爭期間的英國首相
Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (1732–1792), known as Lord North, a British statesman who served as Prime Minister from 1770 to 1782, during the American Revolutionary War.
Lord North's government faced growing opposition to the war in America.
Lord North 的政府面臨國內對美洲戰爭日益高漲的反對聲浪。
historical role: British PM during American Revolution
North resigned as Prime Minister shortly after the British defeat at Yorktown.
North 在英軍約克鎮戰敗後不久辭去首相職務。
Lord North's tax policies angered American colonists before the revolution.
Lord North 的稅收政策激怒了美國殖民者，引發了革命。
King George III relied heavily on North's advice during the early war years.
喬治三世在戰爭初期高度依賴 Lord North 的建議。
用法筆記
Commonly referred to as 'Lord North' in historical texts. He is one of the most famous British prime ministers, largely because of his role during the loss of the American colonies.
3. Sir Thomas North (c. 1535–c. 1603), an English translator best known for his Eng
托馬斯·諾斯
普魯塔克《希臘羅馬名人傳》英譯者
Sir Thomas North (c. 1535–c. 1603), an English translator best known for his English version of Plutarch's 'Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans', which was a major source for William Shakespeare's Roman plays.
Shakespeare borrowed many passages directly from North's translation of Plutarch.
莎士比亞直接從 North 翻譯的普魯塔克作品中借用了許多段落。
literary influence: source for Shakespeare's plays
North's lively English style made classical stories accessible to Elizabethan readers.
North 生動的英語風格使伊莉莎白時代的讀者能夠親近古典故事。
Scholars praise North's translation for its vigorous and natural English rhythm.
學者讚揚 North 的譯文節奏自然、力道十足。
North's version of Plutarch helped spread classical ideas across Renaissance England.
North 翻譯的普魯塔克作品幫助古典思想傳播到文藝復興時期的英格蘭。
用法筆記
Distinguish from Lord North (Frederick North). Sir Thomas North is remembered primarily for his translation work, which had a profound influence on English Renaissance literature.