protocol
protocol — 名詞
1. the generally accepted rules for correct behaviour and procedures during formal
禮儀規範
正式場合的行為規則
the generally accepted rules for correct behaviour and procedures during formal state occasions or official events
According to protocol, ambassadors must present their credentials to the head of state.
根據禮儀規範，大使必須向國家元首呈遞到任國書。
collocation: according to protocol
The wedding followed strict protocol, with each guest seated according to rank.
婚禮遵循嚴格的禮儀規範，每位賓客按身份高低入座。
Kofi learned the diplomatic protocol for greeting foreign leaders at the summit.
Kofi 學習了在峰會上接待外國領袖的外交禮儀規範。
Breaking protocol at a royal ceremony can be seen as a serious insult.
在皇家典禮上違反禮儀規範可能被視為嚴重冒犯。
The military parade was conducted according to standard protocol for national holidays.
這場閱兵按照國定假日的標準禮儀規範進行。
- etiquette
broader term covering general polite behaviour, not just formal occasions
- decorum
more about dignified behaviour and good taste in any setting
- convention
less rigid than protocol; refers to generally accepted social practices
文法句型
according to protocol
protocol for [something]
用法筆記
Uncountable in this sense — do not say 'a protocol' when referring to ceremonial rules.
常見錯誤
2. detailed steps written down before a scientific test or medical procedure begins
實驗流程
科學或醫療的步驟規則
detailed steps written down before a scientific test or medical procedure begins, describing exactly what to do
The research team followed the protocol exactly to ensure accurate results.
研究團隊嚴格遵循實驗流程，以確保結果準確。
collocation: follow the protocol
Before starting the trial, the hospital approved the new treatment protocol.
在試驗開始前，醫院批准了新的治療流程。
collocation: treatment protocol
Abigail checked each step of the laboratory protocol before handling the chemicals.
Abigail 在處理化學藥品前檢查了實驗流程的每一個步驟。
The vaccine protocol requires two doses given twenty-one days apart.
疫苗流程要求相隔二十一天注射兩劑。
Any change to the experimental protocol must be reported to the review board.
對實驗流程的任何更改都必須報告給審查委員會。
- procedure
more general; a protocol is a type of procedure with stricter rules
- method
broader; refers to any way of doing something, not necessarily written
- guidelines
less strict than a protocol; recommendations rather than required steps
文法句型
protocol for [something]
follow a protocol
用法筆記
Common in medical and scientific writing. Frequently appears with 'for' — e.g. 'the protocol for treating malaria.'
常見錯誤
3. a formal written document signed by representatives of different countries, stat
協議書
國家間的正式協定文件
a formal written document signed by representatives of different countries, stating what they have agreed on
The Kyoto Protocol set binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
京都議定書為減少溫室氣體排放設定了具有約束力的目標。
proper noun: Kyoto Protocol
Zayd studied the trade protocol signed between the two neighbouring countries.
Zayd 研究了兩個鄰國簽署的貿易協議書。
collocation: trade protocol
Negotiators spent six months drafting the protocol on cross-border water rights.
談判代表花了六個月起草跨境水權協議書。
The protocol was added as a supplementary part to the existing peace treaty.
這份協議書是作為現有和平條約的補充部分而新增的。
Several nations refused to sign the protocol, citing concerns over implementation costs.
有幾個國家因擔心執行成本而拒絕簽署這份協議書。
- treaty
stronger and more binding than a protocol; a treaty is a full international agreement
- accord
more general term for any formal agreement, not necessarily international
- convention
in diplomacy, a convention is usually broader and more formal than a protocol
文法句型
protocol on [something]
sign a protocol
用法筆記
Often capitalized when part of a proper name (Kyoto Protocol). May be an amendment added to an existing treaty rather than a standalone agreement.
常見錯誤
4. the agreed standards that control how information travels between machines conne
通訊協定
電腦間傳送資料的規則
the agreed standards that control how information travels between machines connected to a network
The Internet uses a protocol called TCP/IP to transfer data between devices.
網際網路使用名為 TCP/IP 的通訊協定在裝置之間傳輸資料。
proper noun: TCP/IP protocol
Yuki configured the network protocol to allow secure file sharing between branch offices.
Yuki 設定了網路通訊協定，以便在分公司之間安全地分享檔案。
collocation: network protocol
Without a common protocol, the two computers could not exchange any information.
如果沒有共同的通訊協定，這兩台電腦就無法交換任何資訊。
The new messaging protocol reduces the time it takes to transmit image files.
新的訊息通訊協定縮短了傳輸圖片檔案所需的時間。
Stefan updated the router settings to support the latest wireless communication protocol.
Stefan 更新了路由器設定，以支援最新的無線通訊協定。
文法句型
[communication/network] protocol
protocol for [purpose]
用法筆記
Used with specific named protocols — HTTP, FTP, TCP/IP, etc. The word alone often needs a modifier (communication protocol, network protocol) to be clear.