saving
saving — 連接詞
1. used to introduce the only person, thing, or situation that is not included in a
除了
從整體中排除某一對象
used to introduce the only person, thing, or situation that is not included in a general statement that applies to everything or everyone else.
No one in the class knew the answer, saving Omar, who had studied all night.
班上沒有人知道正確答案，除了整晚用功的 Omar。
saving + noun phrase introducing exception
The library is open to the public every day, saving Sundays and national holidays.
圖書館每天對公眾開放，除了週日與國定假日。
Everyone had left the building, saving an elderly man who was waiting for the lift.
所有人都已經離開了那棟大樓，除了一位在等電梯的老先生。
All the seats were taken, saving one small seat near the back door.
火車上所有的座位都被佔了，除了後門附近一個小空位。
文法句型
saving + noun phrase
saving + pronoun
用法筆記
This use of 'saving' as a conjunction is very formal and found mainly in older or literary texts. In modern everyday English, 'except' or 'except that' is far more common.
常見錯誤
saving — 名詞
1. money that a person or household has set aside and stored, typically in a bank a
積蓄；存款
存放在銀行或其他金融機構的錢
money that a person or household has set aside and stored, typically in a bank account, rather than spending it on day-to-day needs.
Jiwoo used her savings to pay for a year of art classes in Barcelona.
Jiwoo 用她的積蓄支付在巴塞隆納為期一年的藝術課程費用。
plural 'savings' with possessive + purpose clause
The family's entire savings were wiped out when the bank collapsed.
那家銀行倒閉時，這家人一生的積蓄全部化為烏有。
plural 'savings' as subject, passive voice
Apinya set aside a small part of her savings each month for emergencies.
Apinya 每個月都會從存款中撥出一小部分以備急用。
After working for twelve years, Hassan finally had enough savings to buy a house.
工作了十二年後，Hassan 終於有足夠的積蓄買一棟房子。
Mei-Lin used her savings to buy a second-hand car after the old one broke down completely.
Mei-Lin 用積蓄買了一輛二手車，因為舊車已經完全拋錨了。
- debt
money owed, the opposite of money saved
文法句型
savings + in/at + financial institution
possessive + savings
savings + for + purpose
用法筆記
In this sense, the word is almost always used in the plural form 'savings', even when referring to a single sum of money. 'Saving' in the singular is not used for money in an account.
常見錯誤
2. the sum of money you keep rather than spend because you paid a lower price than
節省；節約
因少花費或少使用而省下的金額
the sum of money you keep rather than spend because you paid a lower price than usual or consumed fewer resources than planned.
Buying the flight tickets three months early gave Stefan a saving of eighty pounds.
提早三個月購買機票為 Stefan 省了八十英鎊。
a saving + of + amount
The new heating system produced a significant saving on the school's monthly energy bill.
新的暖氣系統為學校每月的電費帳單省下了一大筆錢。
adjective + saving + on + noun phrase
Christopher compared prices across four websites and found a saving of nearly thirty percent.
Christopher 比較了四個網站的價格，結果省了近三成。
Small savings on lunches and bus fares can add up over a year.
每天在午餐和公車費上的小額節省，累積一年就是一筆大數目。
The government offered households a tax saving for installing solar panels on their roofs.
政府為安裝太陽能板的家庭提供一筆稅務減免。
文法句型
a saving + of + amount
a saving + on + something
adjective + saving(s)
用法筆記
When the saving is a specific number or percentage, use the pattern 'a saving of + amount'. The plural 'savings' can also refer to multiple individual amounts saved across different items.
常見錯誤
3. the act of rescuing someone or something from a dangerous situation, or preservi
挽救；拯救
從危險或損失中保護出來
the act of rescuing someone or something from a dangerous situation, or preserving a thing from being lost, damaged, or destroyed.
The saving of the stranded climbers took three days in freezing weather conditions.
救援受困登山客的行動在嚴寒的天氣中持續了三天。
the saving + of + people + circumstances
Firefighters worked through the night for the saving of the old church from the flames.
消防員徹夜奮戰，要將那座老教堂從大火中搶救出來。
Historians credit one librarian with the saving of thousands of rare books during the war.
歷史學家認為一位勇敢的圖書館員在戰時挽救了數千本珍貴的書籍。
The saving of the drowning child by a neighbour made headlines across the country.
鄰居救起溺水孩子的英勇事迹登上了全國新聞。
- rescue
more common and less formal; used for people and animals in immediate danger
- preservation
focuses on keeping something in its original state over time
- deliverance
very formal or literary; emphasises being freed from a threat
- loss
the opposite of preservation or rescue
- destruction
the outcome that saving prevents
文法句型
the saving + of + person/thing
for the saving + of + person/thing
用法筆記
Distinguish from noun sense 1 (MONEY SAVED) and sense 2 (AMOUNT NOT SPENT): this sense is always singular, uncountable, and formal in register. It describes rescue or preservation, not finance.
常見錯誤
4. the practice of reducing the amount of a resource such as energy, water, or fuel
省資源
防止特定資源被浪費的做法
the practice of reducing the amount of a resource such as energy, water, or fuel that is used or wasted, without reference to a specific monetary sum saved.
Energy saving begins with simple habits like turning off lights when you leave a room.
節能從隨手關燈這類簡單的習慣開始。
noun phrase 'energy saving' as subject
The new dishwasher led to significant water saving in the busy restaurant kitchen.
新的洗碗機為那間忙碌的餐廳廚房節省了大量用水。
The time saving from the new accounting software let Priya finish her monthly reports in half the usual time.
新會計軟體所帶來的時間節省，讓 Priya 只用了一半的時間就完成每月報告。
The government launched a campaign to promote fuel saving among van and lorry drivers.
政府發起了一項運動，推廣貨車及廂型車駕駛節省燃油。
- conservation
broader term for the careful use of resources; more common in environmental contexts
- economizing
focuses on reducing spending rather than resource use
- waste
the opposite of preventing waste; using resources carelessly
文法句型
noun + saving
energy saving
time saving
cost saving
用法筆記
This sense often appears as the second half of a compound noun (e.g. 'energy saving', 'fuel saving', 'labour saving') where the first noun specifies the resource being conserved. Do not confuse with noun sense 2 (AMOUNT NOT SPENT), which refers to the monetary amount saved rather than the process of conserving.
saving — 介系詞
1. used before a noun or pronoun to indicate that the person or thing is not includ
除…外
排除特定的人或事物
used before a noun or pronoun to indicate that the person or thing is not included in the general statement that has been made.
Saving the injured passenger, everyone was able to leave the bus without help.
除了受傷的乘客外，每個人都能夠自行離開巴士。
preposition before noun phrase at start of clause
All the original documents have been preserved, saving one letter from the eighteenth century.
所有原始文件都保存了下來，除了一封十八世紀的信件。
Saving the youngest children, all students were required to attend the morning assembly.
除了最年幼的孩子們之外，所有學生都必須參加早會。
The garden had every type of rose, saving the rare blue variety.
花園裡有每一種玫瑰，除了那種需要特殊土壤的稀有藍色品種。
- including
the opposite of excluding
文法句型
saving + noun phrase
saving + pronoun
用法筆記
Nearly identical in meaning to conjunction sense 1 (EXCEPT). The difference is syntactic: the conjunction links whole clauses, while the preposition is followed directly by a noun phrase. Both are very formal and rare in modern speech.
常見錯誤
2. used to politely introduce a statement that disagrees with someone or criticises
恕我冒昧
在表達異議時先表示尊重
used to politely introduce a statement that disagrees with someone or criticises them, while expressing respect for their position or feelings.
Saving your presence, sir, I must point out the figures here are wrong.
恕我冒昧，先生，我必須指出這裡的數字有誤。
fixed phrase: saving your presence
Saving your presence, Your Honour, the evidence does not support the charge of theft in this case.
恕我冒昧，庭上，本案的證據並不足以支持盜竊指控。
fixed phrase 'saving your presence' introducing polite disagreement
These accounts, saving your presence, appear to have been altered after the original audit was completed.
這些帳目，恕我冒昧，似乎是在最初的審計完成後被人竄改過。
Saving your reverence, Father, the school funds would be better spent on new books than on building repairs.
恕我冒昧，神父，學校的資金用來買新書會比用來修繕建築更有意義。
- with all due respect
the modern equivalent for politely disagreeing; much more common
- no offence intended
informal equivalent; used in everyday speech before a potentially critical remark
文法句型
saving + [someone's] + honour/presence/feelings
saving your presence
用法筆記
This is an archaic and highly formal construction, rarely used outside historical fiction, legal texts, or ceremonial speech. The most common fixed phrase is 'saving your presence', which means 'with respect to you who are present'.
saving — 字尾
1. added to the end of a noun to form an adjective describing something that reduce
節省…的
使能夠少用特定資源的
added to the end of a noun to form an adjective describing something that reduces how much of a resource — such as time, energy, money, or space — is needed.
Energy-saving light bulbs use about eighty percent less electricity than older ones.
省電燈泡的耗電量比舊款燈泡少大約八成。
energy-saving as compound adjective before noun
A time-saving app can help you order your weekly groceries in under two minutes.
一款省時的應用程式可以讓你在兩分鐘內訂好一週的雜貨。
Labour-saving devices such as washing machines changed home life across the world.
洗衣機等省力的設備改變了全世界的家庭生活。
Space-saving furniture is especially popular in small apartments in crowded cities.
節省空間的家具在擁擠城市的小公寓中特別受歡迎。
The new fuel-saving engine uses advanced technology to cut petrol consumption by half.
新的省油引擎運用先進技術將汽油消耗量減半。
- -efficient
similar in meaning but emphasises doing more with less rather than using less
- -reducing
more general suffix; can apply to any reduction, not just resource use
文法句型
noun + -saving
用法筆記
The suffix '-saving' attaches to a noun to form a compound adjective. The resulting word is written with a hyphen when it appears before a noun (e.g. 'an energy-saving measure') but sometimes unhyphenated in other positions.