skin
skin — 名詞
1. the natural protective surface on a person, animal, or piece of fruit — the oute
皮膚
人體、動物或果實表面的外層組織
the natural protective surface on a person, animal, or piece of fruit — the outermost part of the body that you can feel and see.
Nila's skin turned red after she spent the whole morning at the beach without sunscreen.
Nila 在海灘待了一整個上午沒擦防曬乳，皮膚曬得通紅。
collocation: skin + turn + colour
The skin of a banana changes from green to yellow as the fruit becomes ripe.
香蕉皮會隨著果實成熟從綠色轉為黃色。
skin of [fruit]: typical object
Drinking enough water every day helped Jude keep his skin looking fresh and smooth.
Jude 每天喝足夠的水，讓皮膚保持光滑健康的狀態。
A small cut on the skin usually heals by itself within a few days.
皮膚上的小切口通常幾天內就會自行癒合。
2. the hide or fur stripped from a dead creature, ready to be turned into products
獸皮；毛皮
從動物身上剝下的皮，可加工使用
the hide or fur stripped from a dead creature, ready to be turned into products like coats, handbags, or drums.
The trader paid a fair price for the wolf skin that the hunter brought to the market.
商人用公道的價格買下了獵人帶到市場的那張狼皮。
Traditional African drums are often made with goat skin stretched tightly over a wooden frame.
傳統非洲鼓常用山羊皮繃在木框上製作。
material use: made with [animal] skin
Museum workers carefully treat animal skins to stop them from rotting over time.
博物館工作人員細心處理動物皮毛，防止它們隨著時間腐壞。
Zola bought a handbag made of genuine snake skin during her trip to Vietnam.
Zola 在越南旅行時買了一個用真蛇皮做的手提包。
用法筆記
Frequently used in compounds like 'sheepskin,' 'snakeskin,' and 'calfskin' to name the source animal. When the hair or fur is still attached, 'pelt' or 'fur' is more common.
3. the outermost surface or casing of an object — for example, the wrapping around
外層；外皮
物體表面的薄層覆蓋物
the outermost surface or casing of an object — for example, the wrapping around a sausage, the metal panels of an aircraft, or a plastic sheath around a cable.
Christopher left the sausages on the grill too long, and their skins burst open.
Christopher 把香腸放在烤架上太久，外皮都爆開了。
Boat builders apply several coats of paint to form a tough waterproof skin over the wood.
造船工人會在木頭船體上塗好幾層油漆，形成一層堅硬的防水外層。
collocation: form a skin over [object]
The outer skin of the aircraft is made from lightweight aluminium sheets.
飛機的外殼是由輕量化的鋁板製成的。
A plastic skin around the cable keeps water from reaching the wires inside.
電線外層的塑膠皮可以防止水分接觸到內部的金屬線。
用法筆記
Distinguish from noun sense 4 (LIQUID): this sense covers a solid outer layer on a physical object, not a film on a liquid surface.
4. a thin, flexible coating that develops on top of a liquid exposed to air, especi
薄膜；皮膜
液體接觸空氣後表面形成的薄層
a thin, flexible coating that develops on top of a liquid exposed to air, especially after a heated substance like milk or paint cools down.
Selim left the paint can open, and by morning a rubbery skin had formed on top.
Selim 把油漆罐開著沒蓋，到了早上油漆表面結了一層橡膠狀的皮膜。
collocation: a skin forms on [liquid]
Élise refused to eat the pudding because a thick skin had formed after it cooled down.
Élise 不肯吃那個布丁，因為冷卻之後上面結了一層厚厚的膜。
When you heat milk and let it cool, a thin skin of protein appears on the surface.
牛奶加熱後放涼，表面會出現一層薄薄的蛋白膜。
Stirring the soup every few minutes stops a skin from forming while it simmers.
每隔幾分鐘攪拌一下湯，可以防止表面形成薄膜。
用法筆記
Frequently used with verbs like 'form,' 'develop,' or 'appear,' and often occurs in cooking contexts. Stirring prevents the skin from forming.
5. a set of colours, pictures, and patterns that a user can apply to change the loo
主題；面板
手機或軟體的可更換外觀
a set of colours, pictures, and patterns that a user can apply to change the look of the screen on a phone, tablet, or computer program.
Joon downloaded a new skin for his phone that shows a starry night sky on the home screen.
Joon 為手機下載了一個新主題，主畫面會顯示滿天星斗的夜空。
download a skin for [device]
Many messaging apps let you install custom skins to personalise the chat background.
許多通訊軟體可以安裝自訂主題，改變聊天畫面的背景。
Niran changed the skin of his music player to match his favourite band's album cover.
Niran 把音樂播放器的主題換成了他最喜歡的樂團專輯封面。
The app offers free skins that change colour depending on the time of day.
這個應用程式提供免費主題，會根據時間改變顏色。
用法筆記
In technology contexts, 'skin' usually refers to the visual customisation layer, not hardware. The verb 'reskin' means to apply a new skin to software.
常見錯誤
6. a custom visual style applied to a video-game character, weapon, or item, giving
造型；外觀
遊戲角色或武器的視覺造型
a custom visual style applied to a video-game character, weapon, or item, giving it a different look without changing its abilities.
Manuela spent hours unlocking rare skins for her favourite character in the fighting game.
Manuela 花了好幾個小時解鎖格鬥遊戲裡她最愛角色的稀有造型。
collocation: unlock / earn a skin
Players can buy limited-edition weapon skins during special seasonal events in the game.
玩家可以在遊戲的季節限定活動中購買限時武器外觀。
The game studio released a new legendary skin that turns the hero into a golden warrior.
遊戲工作室推出了一款傳說造型，把主角變成金色戰士。
Lan traded her extra skins with another player to get the rare outfit she wanted.
Lan 用多餘的造型和另一位玩家交換她想要的稀有服裝。
用法筆記
In gaming, skins are purely cosmetic — they change appearance but do not affect gameplay or stats. Some games allow players to buy, earn, or trade them.
skin — 動詞
1. to remove the outer layer from a fruit, vegetable, or dead animal before cooking
去皮；剝皮
去除水果、蔬菜或動物的外皮
to remove the outer layer from a fruit, vegetable, or dead animal before cooking, eating, or processing it.
Sophia skinned the apples before putting them into the pie filling.
Sophia 把蘋果去皮之後才放進派餡裡。
The chef quickly skinned the salmon and removed all the bones with a sharp knife.
廚師俐落地把鮭魚去皮，再用鋒利的刀子剔除所有魚刺。
skin + fish / salmon / chicken
In some countries, butchers skin the rabbit before selling it at the market.
在某些國家，肉販會先把兔子剝皮再拿到市場上賣。
You should skin the tomatoes before making the sauce to get a smoother texture.
做醬汁之前應該先把番茄去皮，成品口感會更滑順。
文法句型
skin + object (fruit, animal, vegetable)
用法筆記
For fruit and vegetables, 'peel' is more common in everyday English. 'Skin' is preferred for animals and fish, or when the outer layer is tougher.
常見錯誤
2. to injure a part of your body by scraping it against a hard, rough surface, or t
擦破；磨傷
因摩擦而弄傷皮膚或刮傷表面
to injure a part of your body by scraping it against a hard, rough surface, or to scratch the outer layer of an object in the same way.
Eitan skinned his knee when he tripped over the pavement on his way to school.
Eitan 在上學途中被路面絆倒，擦破了膝蓋。
collocation: skin + body part (knee, elbow, knuckle)
Joon skinned his elbow badly while fixing the fence in the backyard.
Joon 在後院修理圍籬時，手肘磨破了一大片皮。
The movers skinned the corner of the wooden table as they carried it through the door.
搬家工人抬著木桌穿過門口時刮傷了桌角。
Niran skinned both hands climbing the rough stone wall of the old castle.
Niran 徒手攀爬古堡粗糙的石牆，兩隻手都磨破了皮。
文法句型
skin + body part (knee, elbow, hand)
skin + object surface
用法筆記
When referring to people, this sense is about accidentally scraping the skin, not cutting deeply. The result is usually a graze or shallow wound.
skin — 形容詞
1. describing a magazine, film, or publication that is mainly about or shows naked
色情的
以裸露或性愛畫面為主的
describing a magazine, film, or publication that is mainly about or shows naked bodies, often in a sexually explicit way.
The corner shop was fined for displaying skin magazines at the checkout counter where children could see them.
那間雜貨店因為在結帳櫃檯陳列色情雜誌，讓小孩看得到，被罰了款。
collocation: skin magazine
In the seventies, skin flicks were shown in small cinemas hidden away from the main streets.
七零年代的時候，色情片是在遠離主要街道的小電影院放映的。
collocation: skin flick (informal, dated)
The new streaming service announced it would not carry any skin content in its library.
這家新的串流平台宣布其片庫中不會上架任何成人內容。
The police raided the shop and seized boxes of skin DVDs from a back room.
警方突擊搜查了那間商店，從後方房間查獲好幾箱色情光碟。
- adult
the standard modern term for content intended for adults; broader and less crude than 'skin'
- explicit
describes content that shows sexual acts directly; used in formal ratings
- pornographic
formal and legal term; stronger and more judgmental than 'skin'
文法句型
skin + noun (magazine, film, flick)
用法筆記
This sense is informal and can be considered offensive or crude. It is used mostly to describe adult content from an older era. Modern terms like 'adult' or 'explicit' are more neutral.
skin — 字尾
1. used after an adjective to form a compound that describes the quality, texture,
形容膚質
接在形容詞後，描述皮膚的質地或顏色
used after an adjective to form a compound that describes the quality, texture, or colour of a person's, animal's, or fruit's natural skin.
Mayumi is fair-skinned, so she wears sunscreen even on cloudy winter days.
Mayumi 皮膚白皙，即使在陰天也會擦防曬乳。
pattern: [adjective]-skinned (colour)
Asher bit into a smooth-skinned apple and juice dripped down his chin.
Asher 咬了一口表皮光滑的蘋果，果汁滴到他的下巴上。
pattern: [adjective]-skinned (texture of fruit)
Hana spotted a rough-skinned toad hiding under a damp log in the forest.
Hana 在森林裡潮濕的木頭下發現一隻皮膚粗糙的蟾蜍。
Beatrix has thin-skinned hands that bleed easily when she works in the garden.
Beatrix 的雙手皮膚很薄，在花園工作時很容易流血。
The thick-skinned farmer never complained about the thorns that scratched his arms.
那位皮膚厚實的農夫從不抱怨荊棘刮傷他的手臂。
文法句型
[adjective]-skinned
用法筆記
Common adjectives that combine with '-skinned' include colour terms (fair-, dark-, light-) and quality terms (thick-, thin-, smooth-, rough-, tough-, soft-). Unlike the noun sense 'animal skin' (noun/2), the suffix '-skinned' does not attach to material names — native speakers say 'a leather bag', not 'a leather-skinned bag.'