turf
turf — 名詞
1. the uppermost layer of ground where grass roots are woven into the dirt beneath
草皮
草地與土壤組成的表層
the uppermost layer of ground where grass roots are woven into the dirt beneath it; also such material cut into rectangles for lawns or sports grounds
Adina sat on the soft turf in the park and watched the children play.
Adina 坐在公園柔軟的草皮上，看著孩子們玩耍。
The groundskeeper laid fresh turf around the new flower bed.
園丁在新花圃周圍鋪上了新鮮的草皮。
collocation: lay turf / fresh turf
After the match, the players kicked up chunks of wet turf.
比賽結束後，球員們踢起了一塊塊濕漉漉的草皮。
Tara bought several rolls of turf to cover the bare patches in her garden.
Tara 買了好幾卷草皮，用來覆蓋花園裡光禿禿的區域。
2. the activity of racing horses as a sport or commercial enterprise
賽馬
以馬匹競速的運動或行業
the activity of racing horses as a sport or commercial enterprise
Hassan has been involved in the turf for over twenty years as a trainer.
Hassan 擔任馴馬師已經二十多年，一直活躍在賽馬界。
fixed phrase: the turf = horse racing
The excitement of the turf draws thousands of fans to the racetrack every weekend.
賽馬的刺激感每個週末都吸引數千名粉絲湧入馬場。
A career on the turf requires long hours and a deep love of horses.
從事賽馬這一行需要投入大量時間，並對馬匹有深厚的熱愛。
Gabriela read about the history of the turf in an old sports magazine.
Gabriela 在一本舊體育雜誌上讀到了賽馬的歷史。
- horse racing
more general and neutral; 'turf' has a traditional, insider tone
- racing
shorter, but less specific — could mean car or dog racing
用法筆記
Almost always used with 'the' — 'the turf' refers to the horse-racing world collectively (breeders, trainers, jockeys, bettors). Not used for a single race event.
常見錯誤
3. a topic or field where somebody possesses great knowledge, skill, or authority
領域；專長
某人擅長或有影響力的範疇
a topic or field where somebody possesses great knowledge, skill, or authority
When the discussion moved to data security, Quan was clearly on his own turf.
當話題轉到資料安全時，Quan 顯然進入了自己的專業領域。
idiom: be on one's own turf = be in one's area of expertise
Rohan prefers to stick to his turf and avoid arguments about politics.
Rohan 寧可待在自己的專業領域裡，避免討論政治。
When it comes to cooking traditional Korean dishes, Jenna knows it is her turf.
說到烹飪傳統韓式料理，Jenna 知道那是她的拿手領域。
The professor told the journalist that medieval history was not his turf.
那位教授告訴記者，中世紀歷史不是他的專長。
文法句型
somebody's turf
be on somebody's turf
用法筆記
Metaphorical extension of the territory sense. Often used in possessive constructions ('my turf', 'his turf', 'our turf').
4. a place or region that a person or group feels belongs to them, often defending
地盤
某群體視為己有並捍衛的區域
a place or region that a person or group feels belongs to them, often defending it against outsiders or rivals
The two gangs fought over turf near the old warehouse.
兩個幫派為了一座舊倉庫附近的地盤大打出手。
Allison warned the new delivery drivers to stay off her family's turf.
Allison 警告新來的送貨司機不要踏入她家的地盤。
collocation: stay off somebody's turf
Zayd refused to let the new shop open on what he called his turf.
Zayd 不讓新開的店鋪進駐他所謂的地盤。
The neighbourhood kids treat the old playground as their personal turf.
社區裡的孩子們把那座舊遊樂場當作自己的地盤。
- territory
broader and more neutral; 'turf' carries a competitive or defensive tone
- patch
British informal; similar meaning but less aggressive
- stomping ground
informal; refers to a familiar place, not necessarily defended
文法句型
somebody's turf
defend one's turf
on somebody's turf
用法筆記
Common in contexts of gangs, rival groups, or businesses competing for customers in a local area. Also used playfully among friends about personal spaces.
常見錯誤
5. dried blocks of peat, cut from boggy ground and burned as fuel for heating or co
泥炭
挖起曬乾後用作燃料的泥煤塊
dried blocks of peat, cut from boggy ground and burned as fuel for heating or cooking
Mizuki's grandmother still burns turf in her old fireplace every winter.
Mizuki 的祖母每年冬天還是在老壁爐裡燒泥炭取暖。
The smell of burning turf filled the small cottage in County Kerry.
燃燒泥炭的氣味飄滿了凱瑞郡的那間小石屋。
collocation: burning turf
Élise watched the farmer stack dried turf beside the stone shed.
Élise 看著農夫把曬乾的泥炭堆在石頭小屋旁。
During the cold months, the family relied on turf to heat their home.
在寒冷的月份裡，這家人靠燒泥炭來溫暖房屋。
- peat
the material in its natural state before being cut and dried
用法筆記
Primarily used in Ireland, Scotland, and other regions with peat bogs. In modern contexts, environmental concerns have reduced its common use.
turf — 動詞
1. to put a prepared layer of grass and soil onto an area of ground, creating a law
鋪草皮
在土地上鋪設草皮
to put a prepared layer of grass and soil onto an area of ground, creating a lawn or playing field
The Chen family hired a gardener to turf the backyard before the summer party.
陳家僱了一位園丁在夏季派對前把後院鋪上草皮。
The football pitch was newly turfed after the winter season.
那座足球場在冬季結束後重新鋪了草皮。
passive: was newly turfed
Beatrix plans to turf the front garden next spring.
Beatrix 打算明年春天在前院鋪上草皮。
The council turfed the area around the new community centre.
市議會在新的社區中心周圍鋪設了草皮。
- sod
American English equivalent, both verb and noun
文法句型
turf + object
用法筆記
Often used in the passive ('the field was turfed last spring'). Not to be confused with 'turf out' (British slang meaning to throw away or eject).