administration
administration — 名詞
1. the everyday paperwork, planning, and decisions involved in keeping a company, s
行政管理
經營組織所需的日常行政與管理事務
the everyday paperwork, planning, and decisions involved in keeping a company, school, or project working as it should.
Uri spends most Mondays on the administration of the small bakery.
Uri 多數的星期一都在處理這家小麵包店的行政事務。
administration of + organization noun
The new software is meant to cut the cost of school administration by half.
新軟體的目的是把學校的行政管理成本砍掉一半。
modifier + administration (school administration)
Mr. Patel handles staff payroll, ordering, and other day-to-day administration.
Patel 先生負責員工薪資、訂貨等日常的行政工作。
Good administration kept the festival running smoothly even when it rained.
良好的行政管理讓這場慶典即使下雨也照常順利進行。
The clinic hired Hiro to handle administration so doctors could focus on patients.
診所請了 Hiro 來處理行政事務，讓醫生可以專心看病人。
- management
broader; covers strategy as well as paperwork
- running
informal; used as a noun ('the running of the company')
- operations
focuses on the doing side of a business, less on planning
文法句型
administration of [noun]
用法筆記
Uncountable in this sense and often paired with a modifier naming the field (school, hospital, project, business). Distinguish from sense 2: here the focus is the work, not the people doing it.
常見錯誤
2. the group of senior staff who run a company, university, or other institution an
管理階層
機構中負責決策的高階人員
the group of senior staff who run a company, university, or other institution and make the big decisions about how it works.
Students wrote a letter asking the university administration to lower tuition fees.
學生寫信給校方管理階層，要求調降學費。
the [institution] administration
The hospital administration agreed to hire ten extra nurses for the night shift.
醫院管理階層同意為夜班再聘十位護理師。
subject of decision verb
Ines has worked in the company's administration for nearly twenty years.
Ines 在公司的管理階層任職將近二十年。
Parents complained that the school administration ignored their safety concerns.
家長們抱怨校方高層忽視他們提出的安全疑慮。
After the merger, half of the old administration lost their jobs.
合併之後，一半的舊管理階層丟掉了工作。
- management
more common in business; can mean fewer, more senior people
- leadership
highlights the top decision-makers and their direction
- executive
the most senior layer only
- staff
the workers who are managed, rather than those managing
文法句型
the administration of [organization]
用法筆記
Subject is usually an institution (school, hospital, university, company), and the administration is treated as a group that decides or approves things. Distinguish from sense 1, which is the work itself, not the people.
常見錯誤
3. a national government, especially in the United States, named after its presiden
執政政府
由特定領導人主政的（多指美國）政府
a national government, especially in the United States, named after its president or prime minister, and the time during which they hold office.
The Obama administration signed several major climate agreements with other countries.
歐巴馬政府與多國簽署了幾項重要的氣候協議。
the [President] administration
Tax laws changed sharply under the new administration.
在新政府上任後，稅法出現了大幅變動。
under the administration
Many ambassadors were replaced during the first weeks of the Xander administration.
在田中政府上任的頭幾週，許多大使遭到撤換。
The previous administration left the country with very high debt.
上一屆政府留下了極為龐大的國家債務。
Reporters asked whether the administration would send troops to the border.
記者追問現任政府是否會派軍隊到邊境。
- government
preferred in British English; broader, can include parliament
- regime
often negative, suggesting strict or undemocratic rule
- presidency
focuses on the president's term, not the wider team
- opposition
the parties not currently in power
文法句型
the [Name] administration
用法筆記
Most common in American English; British speakers more often say 'the government'. Frequently capitalised with a leader's surname (the Biden Administration). Distinguish from sense 2: this one always means a national executive, not a school or company's leaders.
常見錯誤
4. the action of putting a medicine, vaccine, or other substance into a patient's b
投藥；給藥
將藥物或疫苗送入病患體內的動作
the action of putting a medicine, vaccine, or other substance into a patient's body, for example by injection, drip, or by mouth.
The nurse recorded the time of administration of each painkiller in the chart.
護理師把每次止痛藥的給藥時間記在病歷上。
administration of [drug]
Oral administration of the vaccine made it easier to use in remote villages.
改用口服投藥之後，這款疫苗在偏遠村莊更容易使用。
oral / intravenous + administration
Dr. Xander explained the safe administration of the new diabetes drug to her interns.
田中醫師向實習醫師講解這款新糖尿病藥的安全給藥方式。
Repeated administration of antibiotics can weaken their long-term effect.
重複投藥抗生素可能會削弱它長期的效果。
The hospital trains every junior nurse in the administration of intravenous fluids.
醫院會訓練每一位新進護理師如何進行靜脈點滴的給藥。
文法句型
administration of [drug] to [person]
用法筆記
Formal medical register; in everyday speech people simply say 'giving' the medicine. Often paired with method words such as oral, intravenous, or topical.
常見錯誤
5. a UK legal procedure in which an outside expert temporarily takes over a struggl
破產接管
英國公司無力償債時由外部專家接管的程序
a UK legal procedure in which an outside expert temporarily takes over a struggling business unable to repay creditors, aiming to rescue it or sell parts before closure.
The retailer went into administration after sales fell for three years in a row.
這家零售商在連續三年銷售下滑後，進入了破產接管程序。
go into administration
Two hundred staff lost their jobs when the airline entered administration last week.
這家航空公司上週進入接管程序，兩百名員工因此失業。
enter administration
While the bookshop chain was in administration, an outside expert ran each branch.
這家連鎖書店在接管期間，每間分店都由外部專家接手經營。
The football club came out of administration after a wealthy fan bought the debts.
在一位富有的球迷買下債務後，這家足球俱樂部結束了破產接管。
Suppliers are worried that the builder may be heading for administration.
供應商擔心這家建商可能正走向破產接管。
- receivership
older British term; an outsider takes control to repay creditors
- insolvency
broader umbrella term for being unable to pay debts
- Chapter 11
American equivalent for company rescue procedures
- solvency
the healthy state of being able to pay debts
文法句型
go into administration
be in administration
用法筆記
Mainly British English and used about companies, not people. Almost always appears in fixed phrases like 'go into administration' or 'be in administration'. Distinguish from sense 1 (general office work) — this is a specific legal status.