running
running — 形容詞
1. happening one after another without a break, forming a continuing series.
連續的
接連發生的，不間斷的
happening one after another without a break, forming a continuing series.
The team celebrated their third win running, a record for the club.
這支球隊慶祝連續第三場勝利，創下了隊史紀錄。
number + noun + running for consecutive events
Amani kept a running total of all donations during the charity event.
Amani 在慈善活動期間持續記錄所有捐款的累計總額。
running total = continuously updated sum
What started as a small misunderstanding became a running joke among the staff.
一個小小的誤會最後成了同事之間一再提起的笑話。
The news channel provided running commentary throughout the election night.
該新聞頻道在選舉之夜提供了全程即時評論。
For the fourth year running, the village won the best garden competition.
這個村子連續第四年贏得最佳花園比賽。
- successive
more formal; used for any series of events
- consecutive
emphasises unbroken sequence, common with numbers
- straight
informal, used after numbers: 'three straight wins'
- intermittent
stopping and starting rather than continuous
- occasional
happening from time to time, not regularly repeated
文法句型
running + noun
number + time noun + running
用法筆記
Only used before a noun (attributive position). Cannot be used after 'be' as a predicate with this meaning. Common in fixed phrases like 'running total', 'running joke', 'running commentary'.
常見錯誤
2. performed or carried out while a person is moving quickly on foot, rather than f
跑步時的
在跑步過程中進行的動作
performed or carried out while a person is moving quickly on foot, rather than from a standing or still position.
Sora cleared the high jump bar with a running leap that amazed the crowd.
Sora 以一個跑步跳躍成功越過跳高橫桿，令全場觀眾驚嘆。
running leap = jumping while running
A running start helps you jump further than starting from a standing position.
助跑起跳比從站立位置起跳跳得更遠。
running start = beginning while moving
Caio scored the winning goal with a running kick, sending the ball past the goalkeeper just before the halftime whistle.
Caio 以一記跑動射門將球越過守門員送入球門，在半場哨聲響起前踢進致勝球。
As a cricket fielder, Liang practised running catches every afternoon until he could grab the ball without slowing down.
Liang 是板球外野手，每天下午練習跑動接球，直到他能不減速就穩穩接住球。
- on the run
phrase rather than adjective; used for actions done while fleeing or hurrying
- in stride
phrase meaning without breaking pace, not used attributively
- stationary
not moving; done from a fixed position
- standing
done from an upright but still position
文法句型
running + noun (action)
用法筆記
Always placed before a noun. Primarily used in sports and physical activity contexts. The action described involves the body being in motion rather than stationary.
3. describing a machine, engine, or system that is currently working or functioning
運作中的
機器或系統正在運轉或使用中
describing a machine, engine, or system that is currently working or functioning, or relating to ongoing costs, basic repairs, and continuous resources that keep something operating.
Liam left the car with its engine running while he ran into the store.
Liam 讓車子引擎保持運轉，自己則跑進商店裡。
engine running = operating
The running costs of the new heating system are much lower than the old one.
新暖氣系統的運作成本比舊系統低很多。
running costs = ongoing expenses
The ship's crew carried out running repairs while still at sea.
船員們在航行途中讓船一邊運轉一邊進行維修。
The apartment has hot running water, which is a big improvement from the old place.
這間公寓有熱自來水，比舊住處改善了很多。
Élise checked that every machine in the factory was in running order before the shift began.
Élise 在輪班開始前檢查了工廠裡每台機器是否運作正常。
- working
more general, used for people and things
- operating
more technical, common in engineering contexts
- functioning
suggests performing as intended
- active
emphasises current use rather than standby
文法句型
running + noun (machine/system)
running + noun (costs/expenses)
be + running
in running order
用法筆記
Unlike the CONSECUTIVE sense, this one can be used as a predicate adjective: 'The engine is running.' When used attributively, common before 'costs', 'repairs', 'water', and 'order'.
常見錯誤
running — 副詞
1. used immediately after an expression of number and time to mean something happen
連續地
置於數量詞後，表示接連不斷
used immediately after an expression of number and time to mean something happens one after another without any break or interruption.
The book stayed on the bestseller list for twelve weeks running.
這本書連續十二週位居暢銷書排行榜。
number + weeks + running = consecutively
This is the third morning running that Adina has arrived before everyone else.
這已經是 Adina 連續第三天比所有人都早到。
Charlotte has won the swimming competition five years running.
Charlotte 已經連續五年贏得游泳比賽。
The company reported a profit for the seventh quarter running.
該公司已經連續七個季度報告獲利。
- consecutively
more formal; can be placed before or after the number
- in a row
less formal, more common in spoken English
- straight
informal; 'three straight years'
- irregularly
not following a regular pattern
- sporadically
occurring at irregular intervals
文法句型
number + time noun + running
for + the + ordinal + noun + running
用法筆記
Always comes after the number and time noun — never at the beginning or middle of a sentence. Common with 'day', 'week', 'month', 'year', 'quarter'. More informal alternatives include 'in a row' and 'straight'.
常見錯誤
running — 名詞
1. the activity of moving your body at a speed faster than walking, done to stay he
跑步
以跑步作為運動或休閒活動
the activity of moving your body at a speed faster than walking, done to stay healthy, for competition, or for enjoyment.
Noor goes running along the beach every morning before breakfast.
Noor 每天早晨早餐前沿著海灘跑步。
go running = do the activity regularly
Meera runs five kilometres every evening through Riverside Park to prepare for a ten-kilometre race.
Meera 每天傍晚在河濱公園跑五公里，為一場十公里的路跑比賽做準備。
Christopher joined a running club to stay motivated during marathon training.
Christopher 加入了一個跑步社團，讓自己在馬拉松訓練期間保持動力。
The doctor told Tunde that regular running would improve his lung function after the illness.
醫生告訴 Tunde 規律跑步可以改善他生病後的肺功能。
Beatriz prefers trail running through the Blue Mountains to running on paved roads in the city.
Beatriz 比較喜歡在藍山山區越野跑步，勝過在城市的鋪設道路上跑步。
- walking
moving at a slower pace with one foot always on the ground
文法句型
go running
take up running
type + running
用法筆記
Uncountable noun — you cannot say 'a running' in this sense (use 'a run' instead for a single instance: 'I went for a run'). Often combined with another noun to specify type: 'trail running', 'long-distance running', 'road running'.
常見錯誤
2. the work of guiding and directing the daily operations of an organisation, busin
經營；管理
管理或運作某事物的活動
the work of guiding and directing the daily operations of an organisation, business, system, or household.
Amani took over the running of the family farm when her parents retired.
Amani 在父母退休後接管了家族農場的經營。
running of [something] = managing
The smooth running of the festival depends on hundreds of volunteers working together.
這場節慶能順利運作，有賴數百名志工的齊心協力。
smooth running = efficient operation
Vikram handles the day-to-day running of the restaurant, including staff schedules and food orders.
Vikram 負責餐廳的日常營運，包括員工排班和食材採購。
The committee is responsible for the running of the community centre and all its programs.
該委員會負責社區中心的營運及其所有活動項目。
- management
more commonly used; broader in scope
- administration
more formal; often used for government or institutional contexts
- operation
more technical; focuses on processes and systems
- neglect
failing to give proper care or attention
- mismanagement
poor or incompetent management
文法句型
the running of + noun
day-to-day running
smooth running
用法筆記
Uncountable noun. Almost always followed by 'of' to specify what is being managed. Common in business, government, and organisational contexts. 'Day-to-day running' and 'smooth running' are very frequent collocations.