breach
breach — 名詞
1. a failure to keep a rule, a promise, or a duty, or an act that damages trust or
違反；失信
對規定、承諾或信任的破壞
a failure to keep a rule, a promise, or a duty, or an act that damages trust or loyalty between people
Missing two safety checks was a serious breach of company rules.
漏做兩項安全檢查，是對公司規定的嚴重違反。
breach of + rules
The leaked emails were seen as a painful breach of trust.
那些外流的電子郵件，被視為一次令人痛心的背信。
Late payment counts as a breach of the rental agreement.
延後付款算是違反租賃協議。
The secret meeting was viewed as a breach of loyalty.
那場秘密會面被看成對忠誠的違背。
- compliance
means acting in the way a rule or agreement requires
- loyalty
focuses on keeping trust rather than damaging it
文法句型
breach of + contract/rules/trust/duty
用法筆記
Common after of, especially with trust, duty, contract, promise, and rules. Distinguish from sense 3: this sense names the broken act itself, while sense 3 usually appears after be in breach of and focuses on the ongoing condition.
常見錯誤
2. shouting, fighting, or similar trouble somewhere open to everyone that disturbs
擾亂治安
在公共場所喧鬧或施暴
shouting, fighting, or similar trouble somewhere open to everyone that disturbs people nearby
Police arrested two fans for breach of the peace after the match.
比賽後，警方以擾亂治安逮捕了兩名球迷。
legal phrase: breach of the peace
The judge fined Omar for a breach of the peace outside town hall.
法官因 Omar 在市政廳外擾亂治安而處以罰款。
Shouting at strangers in the square can become a breach of the peace.
在廣場對陌生人大吼，可能構成擾亂治安。
Officers warned the crowd that more pushing could mean breach of the peace.
警員警告群眾，再推擠下去就可能算是擾亂治安。
- disturbance
broader and less legal, covering any noisy trouble
- disorder
formal word for a lack of public order
- riot
much stronger and suggests a large violent crowd
文法句型
breach of the peace
用法筆記
Usually found in the fixed legal phrase breach of the peace in police and court language.
常見錯誤
3. the condition of not meeting a rule, contract, or official limit
違規狀態
處於不符合規定或合約的情況
the condition of not meeting a rule, contract, or official limit
The factory was in breach of safety rules after the alarm test failed.
警報測試失敗後，這家工廠處於違規狀態，違反了安全規定。
phrase: in breach of + rules
By Friday, the landlord was in breach of the lease.
到星期五時，房東已處於違規狀態，違反了租約。
The club remained in breach of fire limits for three weeks.
那家俱樂部連續三週都處於違規狀態，超出消防人數限制。
Team Blue was in breach of the time rule again.
Team Blue 又處於違規狀態，沒有遵守時間規定。
- non-compliance
formal and often used for rules or official standards
- violation
names the broken rule itself more than the ongoing condition
- default
often used when a person or company has not met a contractual duty
- compliance
means meeting the rule or condition
- observance
formal word for following a rule carefully
文法句型
be in breach of + rule/contract/limit
用法筆記
Almost always follows be and is usually followed by of. Distinguish from sense 1: sense 3 describes the state of not meeting a rule or contract, not the single act that caused it.
常見錯誤
4. a place where a wall, gate, sea defence, or similar barrier is broken open, leav
缺口
牆或防線被打開的洞口
a place where a wall, gate, sea defence, or similar barrier is broken open, leaving a gap
By noon, the cannon fire had opened a breach in the wall.
到了中午，加農炮火已在牆上轟出一個缺口。
breach in + wall
Storm waves cut a breach through the sea wall overnight.
暴風浪在一夜之間把海堤沖出一個缺口。
Soldiers rushed toward the breach before the gate fell.
大門倒下前，士兵們已衝向那個缺口。
Engineers filled the breach with sandbags before high tide.
工程人員在漲潮前用沙包填住了那個缺口。
文法句型
breach in + wall/defence
用法筆記
Often used in military writing and with in after the noun, as in a breach in the wall.
常見錯誤
breach — 動詞
1. to go against a rule or law, or to not keep an agreement, a promise, or a duty
違反；違背
不遵守法律、承諾或協議
to go against a rule or law, or to not keep an agreement, a promise, or a duty
The company breached its promise to repair every damaged roof.
那家公司違背了修好每一個受損屋頂的承諾。
breach + promise/rule/agreement
Aiko breached school rules by posting the exam online.
Aiko 把考試內容貼上網，違反了校規。
The bank was fined after it breached customer privacy laws.
那家銀行因違反客戶隱私法而被罰款。
Walking out early would breach our agreement with the coach.
提早離開會違背我們和教練的約定。
文法句型
breach a law
breach a rule
breach a contract
breach a promise
用法筆記
Formal and usually takes the law, rule, promise, or contract directly as its object. In everyday speech, break is often used instead of breach.
常見錯誤
2. to force a hole through a wall, gate, fence, or defence so that something can ge
攻破；破開
把牆、門或防線打出開口
to force a hole through a wall, gate, fence, or defence so that something can get past it
The army breached the outer wall before sunrise.
軍隊在日出前攻破了外牆。
breach + wall/gate/defence
Rescue crews breached the locked door to reach the child.
救援人員破開上鎖的門，好救出那個孩子。
Heavy waves breached the old sea fence during the storm.
巨浪在暴風中把舊海堤破開了。
The tank breached the gate in less than a minute.
那輛坦克不到一分鐘就攻破了大門。
- break through
the everyday multi-word choice for getting through a barrier
- pierce
suggests making a narrow hole through something
- smash
focuses on violent force rather than the gap created
文法句型
breach a wall
breach a gate
breach a door
breach defences
用法筆記
Usually takes a physical barrier directly as its object, such as wall, gate, door, or defences. Common in military writing, but it can also be used for rescue work or storm damage.