cartel
cartel — 名詞
- cartelsingular
- cartelsplural
1. a group of independent companies that work together secretly to control the pric
卡特爾
企業為控制價格而組成的壟斷聯盟
a group of independent companies that work together secretly to control the price or supply of a product, limiting competition in order to increase their profits
The European Commission broke up a cartel of six steel manufacturers in 2023.
歐盟執委會於2023年瓦解了一個由六家鋼鐵製造商組成的卡特爾。
passive: break up + a cartel of [companies]
Roya discovered that a cartel of coffee exporters had secretly fixed prices for years.
Roya 發現一個咖啡出口卡特爾多年來一直在暗中操縱價格。
cartel + of + exporters + price-fixing pattern
The three construction companies operated as a cartel to rig bids for public projects.
這三家建築公司形成卡特爾，聯手操控公共工程的投標。
In 2022, South Korean regulators fined a cartel of four battery manufacturers $200 million for fixing prices.
2022年，南韓監管機構對一個由四家電池製造商組成的卡特爾處以兩億美元的罰款，原因是其聯合操縱價格。
Nora's economics professor explained how a shipping cartel had inflated freight costs.
Nora 的經濟學教授說明了海運卡特爾如何抬高貨運成本。
- monopoly
a single company that dominates a market, rather than multiple companies acting together
- alliance
a more general term for any group working together, without the illegal price-fixing connotation
- consortium
a formal group of companies working on a joint project, usually legal and legitimate
- competition
the free-market condition cartels try to eliminate
文法句型
cartel + of + companies
form/operate/break up + a cartel
用法筆記
The term almost always carries a negative meaning, since cartels act against fair market competition. In everyday news, 'drug cartel' is also common, referring to criminal organisations that control the illegal drug trade.