challenge
challenge — 名詞
1. a situation or task that needs a lot of effort, skill, or determination to deal
考驗；難題
需耗費大量心力才能完成的困難任務或處境
a situation or task that needs a lot of effort, skill, or determination to deal with successfully
Finding a job after university was a real challenge for Leila.
大學畢業後求職對 Leila 來說是一大考驗。
real challenge — emphasizes difficulty
The new software project poses a significant challenge for the engineering team.
這個新軟體專案對工程團隊來說構成了一項重大挑戰。
Rohan rose to the challenge and completed the marathon despite his injury.
Rohan 勇敢迎接挑戰，即使受傷仍跑完了全程馬拉松。
Learning Mandarin as an adult was the biggest challenge Kofi had ever faced.
對 Kofi 來說，成年後學中文是他遇過最大的難題。
The challenge of running a small business during a recession tested everyone's patience.
在經濟衰退期間經營小公司的考驗，磨光了每個人的耐性。
- difficulty
more general; a challenge implies something that tests your ability, not just any hard thing
- ordeal
a very unpleasant and difficult experience, stronger tone
- obstacle
something that blocks progress; a challenge is something you take on willingly
文法句型
challenge + to-infinitive
the challenge of + noun/gerund
用法筆記
Commonly used with verbs like face, meet, take on, rise to, overcome, and pose. B1-level learners should focus on the collocations face a challenge and take on a challenge first.
常見錯誤
2. an offer or suggestion to someone that they should compete against you in a game
邀戰；戰帖
邀請對方參加比賽、競爭或辯論
an offer or suggestion to someone that they should compete against you in a game, fight, contest, or argument
Tomás accepted his friend's challenge to a game of chess after dinner.
Tomás 接受了朋友的邀戰，飯後和他下了一盤西洋棋。
pattern: accept + challenge + to + noun
The senator issued a public challenge to her opponent for a live televised debate.
那位參議員公開向對手發出戰帖，要求進行一場電視直播辯論。
collocation: issue a challenge
Beatriz took up the challenge of running against the two-time champion.
Beatriz 接受了挑戰，決定與兩屆冠軍一較高下。
Tomás threw down a challenge to anyone who doubted his cooking skills.
Tomás 向任何懷疑他廚藝的人下了戰帖。
- dare
more personal and provocative; a dare often tests bravery rather than skill
- invitation
neutral; a challenge implies competition or conflict
文法句型
challenge + to-infinitive
challenge to + noun
用法筆記
Often used in fixed phrases: issue a challenge, accept a challenge, take up a challenge. The person receiving the challenge can respond by accepting or declining it.
3. a type of online event where people record themselves carrying out an unusual ta
挑戰
社群媒體上邀請他人做某事的活動
a type of online event where people record themselves carrying out an unusual task and then send the video to others, asking them to do the same thing, sometimes to collect donations
The ice-bucket challenge raised millions of dollars for medical research in 2014.
冰桶挑戰在 2014 年為醫學研究募得了數百萬美元。
named real-world challenge
Aiko's dance challenge video got over a million views on social media within a week.
Aiko 的舞蹈挑戰影片一週內在社群媒體上獲得了超過一百萬次觀看。
The charity challenge encouraged people to donate money while completing a fun task.
這項慈善挑戰鼓勵人們在完成有趣任務的同時捐款。
Yara nominated three friends to take part in the cooking challenge.
Yara 點了三位朋友來參加這個烹飪挑戰。
用法筆記
Social media challenges are typically informal and often follow a 'nominate three friends' format. The phrase go viral is commonly used with this sense.
4. a statement or action that questions whether something is true, right, or legall
質疑；異議
對某事的真實性或合法性提出的異議
a statement or action that questions whether something is true, right, or legally valid, expressing disagreement or doubt
The lawyer's challenge to the witness's statement caused the judge to call a recess.
律師對證人證詞提出的質疑，讓法官決定暫時休庭。
pattern: challenge to + noun (what is being questioned)
Several voters filed a formal challenge against the results of the election.
數名選民對選舉結果提出了正式的異議。
collocation: file a challenge
The judge dismissed the defence's challenge to the DNA evidence as having no legal basis.
法官駁回了辯方對 DNA 證據的質疑，認為其缺乏法律依據。
No one raised a challenge when the board voted to change the company policy.
董事會投票更改公司政策時，沒有人提出異議。
- acceptance
agreeing that something is true or valid
文法句型
challenge to + noun
用法筆記
Frequently used in legal and formal contexts. Distinguish from noun sense 1 (DIFFICULT JOB): this sense is about questioning validity, not about difficulty. Often followed by to + noun (the thing being questioned).
5. a demand made by a guard or soldier for someone to stop moving and prove who the
盤查；喝令
守衛要求某人停下並表明身分
a demand made by a guard or soldier for someone to stop moving and prove who they are, especially at a border crossing or military checkpoint
"Halt!" shouted the guard. "That's a challenge — identify yourself right now!"
守衛大聲喊道：「站住！這是盤查——立刻表明你的身分！」
direct speech with challenge marked
The soldier responded to the sentry's challenge by giving the correct password for the night.
那士兵說出了當晚的暗號，回應了哨兵的盤查。
collocation: sentry's challenge
The border guard issued a challenge to the approaching vehicle before it reached the gate.
邊境守衛在車輛抵達大門前，對其發出了停車受檢的喝令。
Anyone who failed to answer the guard's challenge was taken in for questioning.
任何無法回答守衛盤查的人都會被帶去問話。
用法筆記
A very specific military and security sense. The challenge is issued to check whether the person is friendly or hostile. The expected response is a password or proper identification.
6. the legal right of a lawyer to object to a specific person being chosen as a jur
拒選；迴避
拒絕特定人士擔任陪審員的法律程序
the legal right of a lawyer to object to a specific person being chosen as a juror, usually because of concerns about their fairness or impartiality
The defence lawyer filed a challenge against a juror who seemed biased against the defendant.
辯護律師對一名似乎對被告有偏見的陪審員提出了拒選要求。
challenge used as a legal tool
Each side in a trial may make a limited number of challenges without giving a reason.
審判中，雙方當事人無需說明理由即可提出一定次數的拒選。
limited number of challenges — legal procedure
The prosecutor filed a challenge against three potential jurors during the selection process.
檢察官在陪審員遴選過程中，對三名候選陪審員提出了迴避要求。
The judge denied the final challenge, ruling that the juror was qualified to serve.
法官駁回了最後的拒選申請，裁定該名陪審員具備擔任資格。
用法筆記
This is a technical legal term. In many legal systems, each lawyer can make a 'peremptory challenge' (no reason needed) or a 'challenge for cause' (with a stated reason).
challenge — 動詞
1. to invite or dare someone to compete against you, take part in a contest, or pro
向...挑戰
邀請某人參加比賽或競爭
to invite or dare someone to compete against you, take part in a contest, or prove something about their abilities
Diego challenged his younger brother to a race around the park.
Diego 向弟弟下戰帖，要和他繞公園賽跑。
pattern: challenge + object + to + noun
I challenge you to solve this riddle without looking at the answer online.
我挑戰你在不看網路解答的情況下，解開這個謎語。
pattern: challenge + object + to-infinitive
The chess champion challenged anyone in the hall to a game.
西洋棋冠軍向大廳裡的每一個人發出挑戰，要和他下一盤棋。
Nadia challenged her colleagues to donate blood at the hospital this weekend.
Nadia 挑戰同事們這個週末一起去醫院捐血。
Leila challenged me to a bet, but I refused because I knew I would lose.
Leila 向我挑戰打賭，但我拒絕了，因為我知道我一定會輸。
文法句型
challenge + object + to-infinitive
challenge + object + to + noun
用法筆記
The most common pattern is challenge [someone] to [something] or challenge [someone] to [do something]. The object is the person being challenged.
常見錯誤
2. to express disagreement with something or to question whether it is true, right,
質疑；反駁
對某事真實性或正確性提出異議
to express disagreement with something or to question whether it is true, right, or valid, often by presenting arguments against it
Hana challenged the teacher's explanation and asked for more evidence to support it.
Hana 質疑老師的解釋，並要求提供更多證據來支持。
challenge + noun (the claim being questioned)
Several scientists challenged the accuracy of the study's conclusions.
好幾位科學家對該研究結論的準確性提出了質疑。
The new study challenges the old idea that breakfast is the most important meal.
這項新研究挑戰了早餐是一天中最重要的一餐這個傳統觀念。
No one in the meeting challenged the CEO's decision, even though many had doubts.
會議中沒有人對執行長的決定提出異議，儘管許多人心中存疑。
Priya challenged whether the proposed plan would actually reduce costs.
Priya 質疑該提案是否真的能降低成本。
文法句型
challenge + noun/that-clause
challenge + whether/if clause
用法筆記
Common with nouns like idea, assumption, view, decision, authority, validity, accuracy. This sense is B2 level and appears frequently in academic and professional contexts.
常見錯誤
3. to put someone's abilities, strength, determination, or patience to the test by
考驗；測試
透過困難來測試某人的能力或決心
to put someone's abilities, strength, determination, or patience to the test by presenting them with a difficult situation
The final exam really challenged the students' knowledge of advanced mathematics.
期末考真正考驗了學生們在高等數學方面的知識。
challenge + noun (what is tested)
Climbing Mount Fuji challenged both Priya's physical strength and her mental toughness.
攀登富士山同時考驗了 Priya 的體力與心理韌性。
This new role will challenge you to think creatively and solve problems under pressure.
這個新職位將考驗你是否能發揮創意並且在壓力下解決問題。
The difficult customer challenged the patience of even the most experienced staff member.
那位難纏的客人連最資深員工的耐性都給磨光了。
- ease
to make less difficult
文法句型
challenge + object
用法筆記
Distinguish from verb sense 1 (INVITE): this sense does not involve inviting someone to compete; it is about a situation or task that naturally tests a person's qualities. The subject is often a situation, task, or experience, not a person.
4. to require a person arriving at a security point to stop moving and provide thei
盤問；攔查
要求某人停下並說明身分與來意
to require a person arriving at a security point to stop moving and provide their name and reason for being there
The guard challenged everyone who tried to enter the military base after dark.
守衛盤問了每一個試圖在入夜後進入軍事基地的人。
A security officer challenged Nadia as she approached the embassy entrance.
一名安全人員在大使館入口處攔下了 Nadia 進行盤查。
The soldiers at the checkpoint challenged the driver and asked to see his travel documents.
檢查站的士兵攔下駕駛，要求查看他的旅行證件。
Any visitor who is challenged by the gatekeeper must present valid identification.
任何被門衛攔下盤查的訪客都必須出示有效證件。
用法筆記
Typically used in security and military contexts. The person issuing the challenge expects verification of identity or purpose. The passive form is common: 'He was challenged by the guard.'
5. to formally object to the selection of a particular person to serve on a jury, u
拒用；迴避
反對特定人士擔任陪審員
to formally object to the selection of a particular person to serve on a jury, usually because you believe they cannot be fair
The defence lawyer challenged the juror because of his personal link to the case.
辯護律師對該名陪審員提出迴避，因為他與此案有私人關係。
Both the prosecution and the defence can challenge a limited number of potential jurors.
檢辯雙方都可以對一定數量的候選陪審員行使拒用權。
legal context: both sides can challenge jurors
The judge asked the attorney to explain why she wanted to challenge that particular juror.
法官要求律師解釋為何她想迴避那名特定的陪審員。
If a juror is challenged and removed, a new name is drawn from the pool.
如果有陪審員被迴避並撤換，就會從候選名單中再抽出一人。
用法筆記
A specialized legal term. The object of challenge is the individual juror (not the whole jury). Related legal terms include 'challenge for cause' and 'peremptory challenge.'