concrete
concrete — 形容詞
1. real and able to be seen, touched, or experienced directly, rather than being ju
具體的
明確且可實際感知的，非抽象的
real and able to be seen, touched, or experienced directly, rather than being just an idea or theory — for example, concrete evidence that proves someone was at the scene, or concrete plans that show exactly what will be done.
The police officer asked for concrete evidence, not just gossip from neighbours.
警察要求具體的證據，而不是鄰居的閒言閒語。
collocation: concrete evidence / concrete proof
Minh needed concrete proof before she could report the problem to her boss.
Minh 需要有具體證據，才能向主管報告這個問題。
The charity report showed concrete results — two hundred new wells and fifty schools built.
這份慈善報告展示了具體成果——兩百口新水井和五十所學校。
Shirin's presentation lacked concrete details, so the team could not make a decision.
Shirin 的簡報缺乏具體細節，因此團隊無法做出決定。
After months of testing, the scientists finally had concrete proof that the drug worked.
經過數月的測試，科學家終於有了該藥物有效的具體證據。
- specific
focuses on precise details rather than general ideas; concrete is broader
- tangible
stresses physical touch; concrete can also describe non-physical things like proof
- definite
emphasizes certainty and clarity; concrete adds the idea of being real or solid
- solid
informal synonym; concrete is more formal
文法句型
concrete + noun
用法筆記
Commonly pairs with nouns such as evidence, proof, plan, detail, and result. The opposite meaning is abstract.
常見錯誤
2. made of the hard grey building material that is a mixture of cement, sand, stone
混凝土製的
用水泥沙石混合材料建造的
made of the hard grey building material that is a mixture of cement, sand, stones, and water.
The concrete floor in the garage was cold and damp during winter.
車庫的混凝土地板在冬天又冷又潮濕。
concrete + noun (floor, wall, pillar, path, fence)
Obi leaned against the concrete wall outside the train station.
Obi 靠在火車站外的混凝土牆上等著。
A wide concrete path led from the car park to the main building.
一條寬闊的混凝土小路從停車場通向主樓。
The garden was surrounded by a tall concrete fence painted bright white.
花園周圍有一道漆成亮白色的混凝土高圍牆。
- cement
cement is an ingredient of concrete, not a synonym; learners often confuse the two
文法句型
concrete + noun
用法筆記
Typically modifies nouns for building elements: floor, wall, pillar, path, fence, block, slab.
3. formed into a single hard mass from separate particles or parts, usually by a na
固化的
粒子凝結成單一硬塊的
formed into a single hard mass from separate particles or parts, usually by a natural process such as cooling or drying.
The hot lava formed a concrete mass as it flowed down the mountain slope.
炙熱的熔岩沿著山坡流下，形成了凝固的塊體。
concrete mass (geological formation)
Inside the cave, minerals built up into a concrete layer on the rock surface.
在洞穴內部，礦物質在岩石表面堆積成堅硬的層。
The layers of dead coral on the reef slowly formed a concrete mass of limestone over time.
礁石上死亡的珊瑚層隨著時間慢慢壓縮成堅硬的石灰岩塊。
A concrete crust formed around the opening of the hot spring in the valley.
山谷中溫泉口周圍形成了一層礦物結晶的外殼。
- solidified
more common in everyday language; concrete is formal and technical
- hardened
broader meaning; concrete is more specific about particle coalescence
文法句型
concrete + mass / layer / block
用法筆記
Technical or formal register. Rarely used in everyday conversation; the verb sense solidify is more common for this idea.
concrete — 名詞
1. a hard grey building material created by mixing cement with sand and small stone
混凝土
水泥、沙、碎石加水混合的建築材料
a hard grey building material created by mixing cement with sand and small stones, adding water to form a paste that can be poured into moulds and sets rock-hard as it dries.
The workers poured concrete into wooden frames to make the foundation.
工人將混凝土澆入木製模具中製作地基。
pour concrete
A truck full of wet concrete arrived at the building site early in the morning.
一輛裝滿濕混凝土的卡車在清晨抵達工地。
Concrete is much stronger than brick, so it is used for tall buildings and bridges.
混凝土比磚塊堅固得多，因此用於建造高樓和大橋。
The old concrete path was cracked and needed to be replaced with new slabs.
舊的混凝土路面出現了裂縫，需要用新板塊更換。
Vikram mixed cement, sand, and water to make enough concrete for the garden wall.
Vikram 混合水泥、沙和水，攪拌出足夠花園圍牆使用的混凝土。
用法筆記
Uncountable noun. Do not say 'a concrete' — use 'some concrete' or 'a concrete slab / block' for a single piece.
常見錯誤
concrete — 動詞
1. to cover a surface or fix an object in place using the hard building material co
澆築
用混凝土鋪設表面或固定物體
to cover a surface or fix an object in place using the hard building material concrete.
The builders concreted the backyard to create a space for parking cars.
建築工人將後院澆築混凝土，改造成停車空間。
concrete + surface area (backyard, path, area)
Darius decided to concrete the garden path to make it easier to walk on.
Darius 決定在花園小徑上鋪混凝土，讓走路更方便。
Workers concreted the fence posts into the ground to keep them firmly in place.
工人把圍籬柱澆入混凝土中固定住。
The old well was concreted over to stop anyone from falling into it.
那口舊井被用混凝土封住了，以免有人掉進去。
- pave
pave is broader and can use other materials like stone or brick; concrete specifically uses the material concrete
文法句型
concrete + noun
be concreted over
用法筆記
Often used in the passive with over: be concreted over. Do not confuse with concretize, which means 'to make more specific'.
常見錯誤
2. to become solid or hard as separate parts join together into a single mass.
凝固
分離粒子結合成固體硬塊
to become solid or hard as separate parts join together into a single mass.
The cold temperature concreted the molten lava into a hard, dark surface overnight.
低溫使熔岩在一夜之間凝固成堅硬黝黑的表面。
transitive: concrete + object + into [result]
Small pieces of broken shell were concreted together by minerals in the water.
破碎的貝殼碎片被水中的礦物質膠結在一起。
passive: be concreted together
The loose gravel and sand had been concreted into a solid mass by the pressure of the ice above.
鬆散的礫石和沙粒被上方冰層的壓力壓實成堅硬的塊體。
The resin concreted around the insect and preserved it for millions of years.
樹脂在昆蟲周圍凝固，將牠保存了數百萬年之久。
- dissolve
to break apart into separate particles
文法句型
concrete + object + into + noun
be concreted together / into
concrete (intransitive) + into / around
用法筆記
Can be used both transitively (with an object) and intransitively. The transitive pattern describes a process that causes substances to become solid; the intransitive pattern describes a natural process of particles joining. Formal register; solidify is more common in everyday language.