controlled
controlled — 形容詞
1. describes an action, movement, or process that is performed slowly and on purpos
謹慎；節制
刻意放慢、降低風險的動作
describes an action, movement, or process that is performed slowly and on purpose, so that nothing dangerous or unexpected happens.
Zayd lowered the heavy box onto the shelf in one slow, controlled motion.
Zayd 用一個緩慢、謹慎的動作把那個重箱子放上架子。
controlled + motion (careful physical action)
The pilot brought the small plane down in a controlled descent through heavy clouds.
飛行員讓那架小飛機在厚厚的雲層中以受控的方式緩緩下降。
controlled descent (technical: aviation, planned action)
Firefighters lit a controlled burn to clear dry grass before the wildfire could reach the village.
消防員點起一場有計畫的小規模燒荒，搶在野火抵達村莊前清除乾草。
Engineers used a controlled explosion to bring down the old factory chimney safely.
工程師用一場精準控制的爆破，安全地拆掉那座舊工廠的煙囪。
Caio practised a controlled kick so the ball would roll gently to his teammate.
Caio 練習一次力道節制的踢球，讓球輕輕滾向隊友腳邊。
- deliberate
stresses intention; 'controlled' adds the idea of limiting risk
- measured
more about pace and care; often used of speech or movement
- careful
everyday equivalent; less technical-sounding
文法句型
controlled + noun (action, descent, explosion, demolition)
用法筆記
Almost always attributive (before the noun). Object nouns are usually actions or events that could otherwise be dangerous or messy: descent, burn, explosion, demolition, motion.
常見錯誤
2. able to keep calm and not show anger, fear, or excitement, even in a difficult m
冷靜；克制
情緒不外露、不被牽動
able to keep calm and not show anger, fear, or excitement, even in a difficult moment.
Yan stayed cool and controlled when the angry customer started shouting at the counter.
客人在櫃台前開始大吼時，Yan 仍然冷靜克制。
be + controlled (emotional self-restraint)
Her voice was quiet and controlled as she told the children that their grandmother had died.
她用平靜而克制的聲音告訴孩子們，奶奶已經過世了。
controlled voice (collocation: restrained tone)
Zola gave a controlled smile and thanked the judge, even though she had wanted to win.
Zola 露出一個克制的微笑，向法官道謝，雖然她原本很想贏。
The young teacher kept a controlled tone while two students argued at the back of the class.
兩個學生在教室後面爭執時，那位年輕老師仍維持冷靜的語氣。
Christopher seemed calm and controlled, but his hands were shaking under the desk.
Christopher 看起來鎮定又冷靜，但他的手在桌子底下其實在發抖。
- composed
more formal; suggests visible calm under pressure
- self-possessed
formal; emphasises confidence as well as calm
- restrained
focuses on holding back rather than calmness
- emotional
showing strong feelings openly
- hysterical
extremely uncontrolled emotion
文法句型
be + controlled
controlled + voice/manner/tone
用法筆記
Subject is usually a person, or a noun describing how a person speaks or behaves (voice, tone, manner, smile). Distinguish from sense 1: sense 1 describes a planned physical action; sense 2 describes a person's feelings or manner.
常見錯誤
3. (of a drug, weapon, or material) only allowed to be sold, owned, or used under s
受管制的
依法律嚴格限制買賣或使用
(of a drug, weapon, or material) only allowed to be sold, owned, or used under strict government rules, because it can harm people or be misused.
The police arrested Hugo for trying to bring a controlled drug into the country in his luggage.
警方逮捕了 Hugo，因為他試圖在行李中夾帶一種管制藥品入境。
controlled drug (collocation: legal restriction)
Doctors must keep careful records each time they hand out a controlled substance to a patient.
醫師每次發放管制藥品給病人，都必須仔細留下紀錄。
controlled substance (medical / legal usage)
Hunting rifles are sold as controlled weapons, so Eitan needed a special licence to buy one.
獵槍被列為管制武器，所以 Eitan 必須申請特別執照才能購買。
Some chemicals are controlled materials and can only be shipped by approved companies.
有些化學品是管制物資，只能由獲准的公司運送。
- regulated
broader; can apply to any activity, not just dangerous goods
- restricted
stresses limits on access rather than full legal control
- unregulated
no government rules
- over-the-counter
of medicine: freely sold without prescription
文法句型
controlled + substance/drug/weapon
用法筆記
Almost always attributive, modifying nouns like 'substance', 'drug', 'weapon', 'material'. The most fixed phrase is 'controlled substance', the standard legal label for a regulated drug.
常見錯誤
4. (of a study or experiment) designed so that one group is treated normally and an
對照的
設有對照組以比較結果的研究
(of a study or experiment) designed so that one group is treated normally and another is given a new treatment, so that researchers can fairly compare the results.
Ayesha read a controlled study showing that the new asthma drug worked better than the older one.
Ayesha 讀到一份對照研究，顯示新的氣喘藥比舊藥更有效。
controlled study (research design)
Before the vaccine was approved, it was tested in a large controlled trial across five hospitals.
那支疫苗在獲准上市前，曾在五家醫院進行大型對照試驗。
controlled trial (clinical research)
The team ran a controlled experiment to see if classical music really helps plants grow faster.
團隊做了一項對照實驗，看古典音樂是不是真的能讓植物長得更快。
Indra repeated the test under controlled conditions in the lab so the results would be reliable.
Indra 在實驗室裡以受控的條件重做這項測試，好讓結果更可靠。
- comparative
stresses the comparison aspect; less about the design
- blinded
specific subtype where participants do not know who got the treatment
- uncontrolled
without a comparison group; results less reliable
- observational
study without an intervention; researchers only watch
文法句型
controlled + study/trial/experiment/conditions
用法筆記
Strictly attributive in this sense, modifying 'study', 'trial', 'experiment', or 'conditions'. Often paired with 'randomized' in medical research ('randomized controlled trial'). Distinguish from sense 1: a 'controlled descent' is a careful action; a 'controlled trial' is a designed comparison.