culture
culture — 名詞
1. The collection of traditions, beliefs, and daily habits that a particular commun
文化
特定群體共享的習俗與生活方式
The collection of traditions, beliefs, and daily habits that a particular community shares and passes down from older to younger members.
Travelers often struggle at first with the local culture in a new country.
旅客到新國家時，常常要先適應當地的文化。
uncountable: local culture / traditional culture
The culture of the Himba people places great importance on cattle and family connections.
辛巴人（Himba）的文化特別重視牛群和家庭關係。
Christopher wrote a report on how wedding ceremonies reflect a country's culture.
Christopher 寫了一份報告，探討婚禮儀式如何反映一個國家的文化。
Nkechi grew up in two cultures because her parents moved from Nigeria to Canada.
Nkechi 在兩種文化中長大，因為她的父母從奈及利亞移居到加拿大。
A shared culture helps hold a community together during difficult times.
共同的文化有助於在困難時期維繫社區的凝聚力。
- civilization
broader term that includes advanced social, political, and technological development
- tradition
narrower — focuses specifically on customs passed down, not the whole way of life
- heritage
emphasizes what a group inherits from past generations
文法句型
culture + of + noun phrase
a/the culture of + group
用法筆記
Frequently used as an uncountable noun when referring to the general concept. As a countable noun ('a culture', 'cultures'), it refers to a particular society with its own distinct traditions.
常見錯誤
2. The values, unwritten rules, and typical ways of behaving that members of an org
組織風氣
特定團體共有的態度和行為模式
The values, unwritten rules, and typical ways of behaving that members of an organization or a social group share with one another.
The company's culture encourages employees to share ideas freely across departments.
這家公司的文化鼓勵員工跨部門自由交流想法。
possessive: company's culture / school's culture
A culture of fear spread through the office after several people lost their jobs.
幾個人失業之後，辦公室裡蔓延著恐懼的文化。
collocation: culture of fear / culture of blame
Putri found the culture at her new school more cooperative than at her old one.
Putri 發現新學校的風氣比她以前的學校合作得多。
Changing the team's culture takes patience because old habits are hard to break.
改變團隊的文化需要耐心，因為舊習慣很難打破。
A positive workplace culture can reduce stress and improve productivity.
正面的職場文化可以減輕壓力，提高生產力。
- atmosphere
more general and can be temporary; culture is deeper and more lasting
- ethos
more formal; emphasizes the guiding beliefs and character of a group
文法句型
culture of + noun phrase
a/the + adjective + culture
用法筆記
Often paired with a modifying noun or adjective that specifies the group (corporate culture, school culture, team culture). 'Culture of + noun' is common for describing the dominant quality (culture of secrecy, culture of innovation).
常見錯誤
3. Creative works and performances such as music, painting, drama, and books, consi
文藝
音樂、繪畫、戲劇、文學等創作活動
Creative works and performances such as music, painting, drama, and books, considered together as a field that people enjoy and study.
The city is famous for its culture, with dozens of museums, galleries, and theaters.
這座城市以文藝活動聞名，擁有數十間博物館、美術館和劇院。
uncountable: its culture / arts and culture
The government provides funding to support culture and the creative industries.
政府每年撥款支持文藝與創意產業。
Zayd studied French culture and literature at university for three years.
Zayd 在大學花了三年時間研讀法國文學與文化。
A culture festival is held in the park every summer, showcasing local musicians and painters.
每年夏天公園裡都會舉辦文藝節，邀請本地音樂家和畫家表演與展出。
Élise visits the community culture centre every weekend to see art exhibitions.
Élise 每個週末都會去社區文藝中心看畫展。
- the arts
more specific; refers directly to artistic activities without the broader social meaning
- artistic expression
more formal; emphasizes the act of creating art
文法句型
culture as a subject field
culture + noun (culture centre / culture festival)
用法筆記
Uncountable in this sense. Often paired with 'arts' in the set phrase 'the arts and culture'. Can function as a noun modifier before another noun (culture festival, culture centre).
常見錯誤
4. Living cells, bacteria, or tissues that are grown in a controlled environment fo
培養物；培養
為科學研究而培育的細胞、細菌或組織
Living cells, bacteria, or tissues that are grown in a controlled environment for medical research, food production, or other scientific work.
The lab technician prepared a bacterial culture to test the effectiveness of the new drug.
實驗室技術員準備了一份細菌培養物，用來測試新藥的效果。
countable: a bacterial culture / a cell culture
Doctors took a tissue culture from the patient's lung to check for abnormal cells.
醫生從病人的肺部取了一份組織培養物，檢查是否有異常細胞。
A yeast culture is necessary for making bread rise and for fermenting beer.
酵母培養物是讓麵包膨脹以及發酵啤酒所必需的。
Camille examined the cell culture under a microscope to see how the virus was spreading.
Camille 在顯微鏡下觀察細胞培養物，了解病毒擴散的情況。
The process of growing a culture requires a sterile environment and the right nutrients.
培育培養物的過程需要無菌環境和適當的營養素。
文法句型
a culture of + organism
cell culture / tissue culture / bacterial culture
用法筆記
Countable when referring to a specific batch or sample (a culture of E. coli). Uncountable when referring to the process or technique (culture in a petri dish).
常見錯誤
culture — 動詞
1. To grow living cells, bacteria, or other microscopic organisms in a specially pr
培養
在人工環境中培育細胞或微生物
To grow living cells, bacteria, or other microscopic organisms in a specially prepared nutrient substance so that they can be studied or used to create products.
Researchers culture skin cells in the laboratory to study how wounds heal.
研究人員在實驗室裡培養皮膚細胞，以研究傷口癒合的過程。
transitive active: culture skin cells / culture bacteria
The bacteria were cultured on a special gel to observe their growth patterns.
這些細菌被培養在一種特殊的凝膠上，以便觀察它們的生長模式。
passive: were cultured on [medium]
Ignacio learned how to culture yeast in his food science class at university.
Ignacio 在大學的食品科學課上學習了如何培養酵母。
Heart tissue can be cultured in a nutrient solution for transplantation research.
心臟組織可以在營養液中培養，用於移植研究。
文法句型
culture + noun (cells / bacteria / tissue)
be cultured + prepositional phrase
用法筆記
Almost always used in scientific or technical contexts. The passive form ('be cultured', 'were cultured') is common in research papers and lab reports. The subject is typically a scientist, lab, or research team.