specimen
specimen — 名詞
1. A single thing, such as an animal, plant, or object, that shows the typical qual
樣本；標本
代表同類事物特點的典型例子
A single thing, such as an animal, plant, or object, that shows the typical qualities of the larger group it belongs to.
The museum collection includes a fine specimen of a blue whale skeleton.
這間博物館的收藏品包括一件精美的藍鯨骨骼標本。
collocation: fine specimen of + [type]
Folake described the butterfly as a perfect specimen of its species.
Folake 說她發現的那隻蝴蝶是同類物種的完美樣本。
This fossil is an unusually well-preserved specimen from the Jurassic period.
這塊化石是侏羅紀時期保存異常完好的標本。
Among the stamp collection, one early Japanese specimen stood out for its vivid colour.
在那批郵票收藏中，一張早期日本樣票因其鮮豔色彩而特別突出。
- example
wider use — covers actions, ideas, and abstract things, not just physical objects
- sample
focuses on a portion taken from a larger quantity for testing or examination
- instance
a specific occurrence or case, often for abstract categories
- illustration
something that makes a point clear, often used in explanations
文法句型
specimen + of [group]
用法筆記
Countable noun. Often paired with evaluative adjectives such as fine, perfect, rare, or unusual.
常見錯誤
2. Body fluid or tissue taken from a patient or an animal for the purpose of labora
檢體
從人體採集用於檢驗的少量組織或液體
Body fluid or tissue taken from a patient or an animal for the purpose of laboratory testing.
The nurse collected a urine specimen from the patient for routine testing.
護理師從病人身上採集了尿液檢體，準備進行常規檢驗。
collocation: collect a specimen + for + [purpose]
Mayumi handed her blood specimen to the technician at the lab counter.
Mayumi 在實驗室櫃檯將她的血液檢體交給了檢驗師。
Lab staff must label each tissue specimen clearly to avoid any mix-ups.
實驗室人員必須清楚標示每一份組織檢體，以免發生混淆。
Cold storage keeps a urine specimen fresh until it reaches the lab.
低溫保存可以讓尿液檢體在送達實驗室之前保持新鮮。
文法句型
collect + a + specimen + of + [fluid/tissue]
specimen + for + [test]
用法筆記
Countable noun. Common in medical and clinical contexts. Frequently paired with verbs such as collect, take, test, or examine.
常見錯誤
specimen — 形容詞
1. Used before a noun to show that the thing it describes is a typical case of its
範例的
作為範例使用的，置於名詞前
Used before a noun to show that the thing it describes is a typical case of its kind.
The publisher sent a specimen copy of the new textbook to every school.
出版社將新教科書的範例本寄給了每所學校。
attributive pattern: specimen + copy / page / signature
New employees must sign a specimen signature card for company records.
新進員工必須在公司的範例簽名卡上簽名存檔。
A specimen chapter from the novel was released early to attract readers.
這本小說的範例章節提前釋出，以吸引讀者目光。
Élise studied a specimen test paper to understand the exam format.
Élise 研讀了一份範例試卷，以了解考試的格式。
文法句型
specimen + [noun]
用法筆記
Attributive only — it goes before a noun (a specimen page) and cannot follow a linking verb (❌ 'The page is specimen').
常見錯誤
2. Designed or used for holding materials collected for scientific or medical testi
收集用的
用於採集和保存檢體的容器
Designed or used for holding materials collected for scientific or medical testing — always before a noun naming the container.
The lab assistant placed the tissue into a clean specimen jar with a tight lid.
實驗室助理將組織樣本放入一個附有緊密蓋子的乾淨收集瓶。
attributive pattern: specimen + jar / tube / bottle / bag
Blood samples are collected in small specimen tubes at the clinic.
診所用小型的收集管採集血液樣本。
Each specimen bottle must show the patient's name and the date clearly.
每個收集瓶上都必須清楚標示病人的姓名和日期。
The field biologist packed several specimen bags before heading into the forest.
野外生物學家在進入森林前準備了好幾個收集袋。
文法句型
specimen + [container noun]
用法筆記
Attributive only. The noun that follows names the type of container (jar, tube, bottle, bag). Cannot be used predicatively.
3. Referring to a single tree or plant grown on its own as a garden's main visual f
觀賞用
作為花園主要觀賞焦點的植物或樹木
Referring to a single tree or plant grown on its own as a garden's main visual feature, rather than as part of a hedge or border.
A tall specimen oak stands at the centre of the botanical garden.
一棵高大的觀賞橡樹矗立在植物園的正中央。
attributive pattern: specimen + plant / tree / shrub
Hiro planted a specimen maple in the corner of his garden as a focal point.
Hiro 在花園角落種了一棵觀賞楓樹，作為視覺焦點。
The arboretum has a collection of rare specimen trees from East Asia.
這個樹木園收藏了一批來自東亞的稀有觀賞樹。
A well-chosen specimen shrub can completely transform a small garden space.
選對一棵觀賞灌木，就能徹底改變小花園的景觀。
- ornamental
broader — any plant grown for decoration rather than practical use
- feature
can describe a plant that serves as the main visual element (a feature tree)
文法句型
specimen + [plant/tree/shrub]
用法筆記
Attributive only. Used mainly in gardening and horticulture, especially in British English. Refers to a plant grown for its individual beauty rather than as part of a larger planting scheme.