dose
dose — 名詞
1. a specific quantity of a medicinal substance that a patient swallows, injects, o
劑量
一次服用或使用的藥物量
a specific quantity of a medicinal substance that a patient swallows, injects, or otherwise receives at one interval, as stated on a doctor's prescription.
The doctor told Wren to take one dose of cough syrup every six hours.
醫生告訴 Wren 每六小時服用一劑咳嗽糖漿。
collocation: take a dose / dose of [medicine]
Eitan missed his evening dose of antibiotics and felt worse the next morning.
Eitan 錯過了晚上的抗生素劑量，第二天早上感覺更糟了。
Each dose of the flu vaccine contains exactly 0.5 millilitres of active ingredient.
每一劑流感疫苗含有正好 0.5 毫升的有效成分。
Without a doctor's advice, you should never increase your daily dose.
未經醫生許可，你絕對不該自行增加每日劑量。
Before handing the bottle to Sofia, the pharmacist checked the dose on the label.
藥劑師在把藥瓶交給 Sofia 之前，仔細核對了標籤上的劑量。
文法句型
dose + of + noun
take/administer + dose
用法筆記
Frequently used with adjectives that specify the amount: 'daily dose', 'single dose', 'lethal dose'. The verb 'take' is the most common collocate for the person receiving the medicine; 'administer' is used by medical professionals.
常見錯誤
2. a quantity of something negative — such as criticism, bad news, hard work, or an
一頓；大量
不愉快或不想要的某種經歷或東西
a quantity of something negative — such as criticism, bad news, hard work, or an illness — that a person receives or has to deal with.
Sayaka got a sobering dose of reality when she saw her first university tuition bill.
Sayaka 看到大學學費帳單時，著實嚐到了一頓殘酷的現實。
figurative use: dose of reality
A hefty dose of criticism rained down on the mayor during the town-hall meeting.
大量批評如雨點般落在市長身上，就在市民大會的現場。
collocation: dose of criticism
Pim caught a nasty dose of flu and stayed home from work for five days.
Pim 得了很嚴重的流感，在家裡待了五天沒上班。
The Tanaka family's move to a new country came with a heavy dose of loneliness.
Tanaka 一家搬到新國家，伴隨而來的是一股濃濃的孤獨感。
Layla's first taste of Canadian winter was a brutal dose of below-zero temperatures.
Layla 第一次體驗加拿大冬天，就遇上了零度以下的嚴寒考驗。
文法句型
a dose of + noun (negative experience)
用法筆記
Nearly always followed by 'of' plus a noun that names the negative thing. The noun after 'dose' is typically abstract (reality, criticism, truth) or names an illness (flu, cold). Positive concepts rarely appear in this pattern.
常見錯誤
3. a slang term for gonorrhoea, a sexually transmitted infection that can affect th
淋病
淋病的俗稱
a slang term for gonorrhoea, a sexually transmitted infection that can affect the reproductive organs.
The clinic reported several new doses among college students this spring.
今年春天，該診所通報了好幾例大學生感染淋病的新病例。
slang usage: dose = gonorrhoea infection
Rachid worried he might have caught a dose and booked a test the same day.
Rachid 擔心自己可能得了淋病，當天就預約了檢查。
The nurse asked whether the patient had had any doses in recent months.
護理師詢問病人最近幾個月內是否曾感染淋病。
The clinic offers free testing for anyone who thinks they might have a dose.
該診所為任何懷疑自己感染淋病的人提供免費檢查。
- the clap
another slang term for gonorrhoea, equally informal
文法句型
have/catch a dose
用法筆記
Strongly slang and potentially offensive in formal or polite conversation. Rarely used in modern medical writing, where 'gonorrhoea' or 'gonococcal infection' is preferred. Learners should recognise this term but avoid using it.
常見錯誤
dose — 動詞
1. to give a person or an animal a carefully measured amount of a medicine, often a
定量用藥
按劑量給某人服藥
to give a person or an animal a carefully measured amount of a medicine, often at regular times or according to a plan.
The night-shift nurse dosed the patient with painkillers every four hours after surgery.
夜班護理師在術後每四小時給病人定量服用止痛藥。
pattern: dose + patient + with [medication]
Baraka doses his elderly cat with arthritis medicine every morning without fail.
Baraka 每天早上準時給他的老貓餵關節炎藥物。
The doctor told Lotte to dose her son with liquid antibiotics twice daily for a week.
醫生告訴 Lotte 每天兩次定量給兒子服用液體抗生素，持續一週。
Some farmers dose their sheep with vitamins before the winter season begins.
有些農夫在冬季來臨前給羊群定期餵食維生素。
Henrik carefully dosed each child with the correct amount of cough mixture.
Henrik 仔細給每個孩子餵了正確份量的止咳藥水。
- medicate
more formal; implies ongoing treatment rather than a single administration
- administer
very formal; preferred in medical records and official instructions
文法句型
dose + person/animal + with + medicine
用法筆記
Often followed by 'with' to specify the substance given ('dose someone with penicillin'). The passive form is common in medical contexts ('the patient was dosed with anticoagulants'). Can also be used reflexively ('he dosed himself with vitamin C').
常見錯誤
2. to add a measured amount of a substance to something, or to treat something with
添加
加入某物質以達到特定效果
to add a measured amount of a substance to something, or to treat something with a chemical agent, usually to achieve a specific result such as cleaning, preserving, or changing its properties.
The pool technician dosed the water with chlorine to kill any bacteria.
游泳池技師在水中添加氯來殺菌。
pattern: dose + object + with + chemical agent
Christopher dosed his coffee with a splash of vanilla extract for extra flavour.
Christopher 在咖啡裡加了一點香草精來增添風味。
The cleaning crew dosed the carpets with a stain-removal solution before scrubbing.
清潔人員在刷洗前，在地毯上添加了除污劑。
The winemaker dosed the grape juice with a small amount of sulfite to prevent spoilage.
釀酒師在葡萄汁中加入少量亞硫酸鹽以防止變質。
文法句型
dose + something + with + substance
用法筆記
Broader than verb sense 1: the added substance is not necessarily a medicine. Common in technical, industrial, and food-processing contexts. Unlike the medical sense, the direct object is typically a non-living thing (water, fuel, soil, crops).