face-to-face
face-to-face — 副詞
1. with both people physically together, looking directly at one another, rather th
面對面
雙方當面直接溝通的方式
with both people physically together, looking directly at one another, rather than communicating from a distance by phone, video call, or text.
Ryo and Heather discussed the contract face-to-face rather than over email.
Ryo 和 Heather 當面討論合約，而不是透過電子郵件。
discussed + face-to-face, contrasted with written communication
The two managers met face-to-face to resolve their long-running disagreement.
兩位經理當面開會，以化解他們長久以來的分歧。
met face-to-face + purpose clause (to resolve…)
After months of video calls, the team finally worked face-to-face in the Taipei office.
經過幾個月的視訊通話後，團隊終於在台北辦公室一起當面工作。
Tamar prefers to handle complaints face-to-face so she can see people's reactions clearly.
Tamar 傾向當面處理投訴，這樣才能清楚看到對方的反應。
Walid asked to talk face-to-face because the matter was too personal for a phone call.
Walid 要求當面談，因為這件事太私人，不適合在電話裡說。
- in person
broader in meaning — 'in person' contrasts with remote communication but does not emphasise the act of looking at each other
- directly
less specific — 'directly' can mean without an intermediary, without delay, or by the shortest route
- one-on-one
emphasises two participants rather than physical presence; the conversation may be in person or by video
文法句型
meet / talk / speak / discuss + face-to-face
face-to-face + verb of communication
用法筆記
Commonly paired with verbs of communication such as 'meet', 'talk', 'speak', and 'discuss'. The hyphenated form is standard when used adverbially, though the unhyphenated 'face to face' also appears in less formal writing.
常見錯誤
2. in a situation where you must directly deal with something difficult, unpleasant
直面；面臨
直接面對困難或危險
in a situation where you must directly deal with something difficult, unpleasant, or frightening, without being able to avoid it.
After the earthquake, the community came face-to-face with the huge task of rebuilding.
地震過後，整個社區直面重建家園的龐大任務。
came face-to-face with + difficult situation (rebuilding)
Nikhil came face-to-face with his own fear of heights while climbing the mountain.
Nikhil 在爬山時直面了自己對高度的恐懼。
The company now stands face-to-face with bankruptcy unless it finds new investors.
除非找到新的投資者，不然這家公司現在正面臨破產的危機。
Hoa suddenly came face-to-face with the truth that her childhood home had been sold.
Hoa 突然面臨一個事實：她的老家已經被賣掉了。
- confront
a verb rather than an adverb; more direct and active in tone
- in direct contact with
more formal and less common than the idiomatic phrase
文法句型
come face-to-face with + [abstract noun: danger, truth, failure, reality]
stand face-to-face with + [abstract noun]
用法筆記
Almost always appears in the fixed structures 'come face-to-face with' or 'stand face-to-face with'. The object of 'with' is usually an abstract noun referring to a difficulty, danger, fear, or unpleasant truth — not a person or a physical object.
常見錯誤
face-to-face — 形容詞
1. describing a meeting, conversation, class, or other event where the people invol
當面的
在同一地點直接互動的
describing a meeting, conversation, class, or other event where the people involved are together in the same physical place, rather than communicating remotely.
The school arranged face-to-face meetings between parents and each teacher before term started.
學校在學期開始前安排了家長與每位老師的當面會談。
face-to-face meeting — typical collocation
Paloma gives better advice during face-to-face conversations than over the phone.
Paloma 在當面交談時給的建議比在電話裡更好。
A face-to-face interview remains the best way to judge a candidate's fit for a team.
當面面試仍是判斷求職者是否適合團隊的最佳方式。
The course combines online study materials with regular face-to-face workshops.
這門課程結合了線上學習資料和定期的當面工作坊。
Nikos prefers face-to-face communication because body language tells him a lot about what people mean.
Nikos 偏好當面溝通，因為肢體語言能讓他更了解對方的意思。
文法句型
face-to-face + [noun: meeting, conversation, interview, discussion, class, workshop]
用法筆記
Always used before a noun (attributive position). The hyphens are essential when the compound modifies a noun directly. Common nouns paired with this sense include 'meeting', 'conversation', 'interview', 'discussion', 'class', 'workshop', and 'communication'.
常見錯誤
2. describing a situation in which people deal directly with a problem or with thos
直接面對的
親自處理問題或困境的
describing a situation in which people deal directly with a problem or with those affected by it, without intermediaries or avoidance.
The report recommends face-to-face engagement with the communities most affected by the policy.
該報告建議直接面對面接觸受這項政策影響最大的社區。
face-to-face engagement — typical in formal/public policy contexts
Social workers in rural areas need regular face-to-face contact with the families they support.
偏鄉的社工需要定期與他們協助的家庭有當面接觸。
face-to-face contact — common in social work and care
Xiu's charity provides face-to-face support to people who are struggling with debt problems.
Xiu 的慈善機構為債務纏身的人提供當面支援。
Face-to-face dialogue between the two groups helped reduce the tension in the neighbourhood.
雙方進行當面對話，有助於緩和社區裡的緊張氣氛。
Hassan believes face-to-face intervention is the only way to help teenagers who may drop out.
Hassan 認為，要幫助可能輟學的青少年，唯一的辦法就是當面介入輔導。
文法句型
face-to-face + [noun: contact, support, engagement, dialogue, intervention]
用法筆記
Always used before a noun. Unlike the adverb sense (CONFRONTING), this adjective sense modifies the noun that names the type of direct dealing — e.g. 'face-to-face support' means support that is given in person, not through letters or phone calls.
常見錯誤
face-to-face — 名詞
1. an occasion when two or more people meet in the same physical place to talk, typ
當面會談
雙方在場的親自會面
an occasion when two or more people meet in the same physical place to talk, typically contrasted with a phone call, email exchange, or video chat.
After weeks of confusion by email, Wren suggested a face-to-face to sort things out.
經過好幾週令人困惑的電子郵件往來後，Wren 建議當面談一次把事情理清楚。
suggested a face-to-face — noun use with suggestion verb
Omar had a brief face-to-face with his manager before the presentation started.
Omar 在簡報開始前和主管進行了一次簡短的當面會談。
had a face-to-face — light verb construction
Charlotte found a quick face-to-face more productive than a long chain of group emails.
Charlotte 發現一次快速的當面會談比長串的群組郵件要有效率多了。
The two team leaders arranged a face-to-face to discuss how to share the workload fairly.
兩位組長安排了一次當面會談，討論如何公平分配工作量。
- in-person meeting
more explicit and slightly more formal
- personal meeting
emphasises the private or direct nature of the encounter
- video call
a meeting conducted remotely through a screen
- conference call
a voice-only meeting over the telephone
文法句型
have a face-to-face
arrange a face-to-face
hold a face-to-face
schedule a face-to-face
用法筆記
More informal than the adjectival or adverbial forms. Most common in spoken English and informal business contexts. The noun form is typically countable and singular; avoid it in formal writing.