given
given — 動詞
1. The form of the verb 'give' that you use with 'have', 'has', or 'had' to talk ab
給(pp.)
動詞 give 的過去分詞形式
The form of the verb 'give' that you use with 'have', 'has', or 'had' to talk about a past act of handing something to someone, or with 'be' to describe something that was provided.
Asher has given his old bicycle to his younger brother.
Asher 把自己的舊腳踏車給了弟弟。
present perfect: has/have + given + [something] + to + [someone]
The award was given to Hiro by the mayor at the ceremony.
這個獎項在典禮上由市長頒給了 Hiro。
passive: be + given + to + [someone]
Before the trip, Sari had given each child a map and a snack.
出發前，Sari 已經給了每個孩子一張地圖和一份點心。
Free tickets have been given to all the students in the choir.
合唱團的所有學生都拿到了免費的入場券。
Darius wished he had given a better answer during the interview.
Darius 希望自己在面試時回答得更好。
文法句型
have/has/had + given + [something] + to + [someone]
be + given + [something]
be + given + to + [someone]
用法筆記
Frequently used with indirect objects: the person receiving what is given. In passive constructions, either the thing given or the receiver can be the subject ('The book was given to Linh' or 'Linh was given the book').
常見錯誤
given — 介系詞
1. Used to introduce a fact or situation that you think about when making a decisio
考慮到
考慮到某種情況
Used to introduce a fact or situation that you think about when making a decision or forming an opinion about something.
Given the heavy rain, the school decided to cancel the sports day.
考慮到雨勢很大，學校決定取消運動會。
given + [noun phrase]
Given that Aoi had only been studying for six months, her test score was impressive.
考慮到 Aoi 才學了六個月，她的考試成績已經很不錯了。
given + that + [clause]
The team performed well, given how little time they had to prepare.
考量到準備時間這麼短，這支隊伍的表現算很好了。
Given the cost of living, Tyler decided to share an apartment with two friends.
考慮到生活費用，Tyler 決定和兩個朋友合租一間公寓。
Given that the roads were icy, the bus driver drove very slowly.
由於道路結冰，公車司機開得非常慢。
- considering
less formal and more common in everyday speech
- in view of
more formal; used mainly in written English
- given that
the conjunction form preceding a full clause
文法句型
given + [noun phrase]
given + that + [clause]
用法筆記
Commonly begins a sentence to state the reason or context before the main clause. 'Given that' is slightly more formal than 'since' or 'because'. This sense is NOT followed by a bare verb — use 'given the fact that' or 'given that' before a full clause.
常見錯誤
given — 形容詞
1. Already fixed, decided, or named, so that people know which particular thing is
特定的
已指定或約定的
Already fixed, decided, or named, so that people know which particular thing is being talked about.
Students must complete the assignment by a given date at the start of term.
學生必須在學期初指定的日期前完成作業。
given + [time noun]: a given date
Each participant was asked to follow a given set of rules for the experiment.
每位參加者都被要求遵守一組既定的實驗規則。
The doctor checked whether the patient's temperature stayed within the given range.
醫生檢查了病人的體溫是否保持在指定的範圍內。
Under the given conditions, the rescue team could not reach the village until morning.
在當時的情況下，救援隊直到早晨才能抵達村莊。
Players must stand at a given distance from the target when throwing the ball.
選手投球時必須站在距離目標特定遠的位置。
- specified
more formal; emphasises that something has been explicitly stated
- particular
emphasises individuality rather than prior arrangement
- fixed
stresses that the amount or time cannot be changed
文法句型
given + [noun]
2. Having a tendency to behave in a particular way or do a particular thing as a pe
習慣於
有…習慣的；傾向於
Having a tendency to behave in a particular way or do a particular thing as a personal habit.
Professor Ramón is given to long pauses during his lectures while he thinks.
Ramón 教授習慣於在講課時停頓許久，邊講邊思考。
be given to + [noun phrase]: is given to long pauses
Adina is not given to complaining, even when things go wrong at work.
Adina 不是個愛抱怨的人，即使工作不順利也不抱怨。
Older members of the family are given to telling the same stories at every dinner.
家裡長輩每到聚餐時就會講起同樣的故事。
The old cat was given to sleeping in the sunniest spot on the kitchen floor.
那隻老貓習慣睡在廚房地板陽光最充足的地方。
- prone to
suggests a negative tendency; used in everyday language
- inclined to
similar formality; can be positive or neutral
- tends to
less formal, more common in speech
文法句型
be + given + to + [noun/gerund]
用法筆記
Only used after 'be' (is given to, was given to, are given to). The meaning is always about a habitual tendency, not a one-time action. This pattern is formal; in everyday speech, 'tends to' or 'often does' are more common.
常見錯誤
3. Accepted as true or real for the purpose of thinking or arguing about something,
假設的
假定為真或視為當然的
Accepted as true or real for the purpose of thinking or arguing about something, even though it has not been proved.
In mathematics, the given values are used to calculate the missing angle.
在數學中，利用已知數值來計算未知的角度。
given + [noun]: given values
It is a given assumption in physics that the speed of light is constant.
物理學中一個基本的假設是光速恆定不變。
Kemi accepted the project deadline as a given condition and planned her time around it.
Kemi 把專案截止日期當作既定條件來接受，並據此規劃時間。
From the given facts, the lawyer built a strong argument for her client.
根據已知事實，那位律師為當事人建立了堅實的論點。
文法句型
given + [noun]
it is a given that + [clause]
用法筆記
Common in academic, logical, and mathematical writing, where a starting point or premise is named. Do not confuse with the preposition sense — here 'given' modifies a noun as an adjective meaning 'treated as true for now', not 'considering a real-world fact'.
given — 名詞
1. Something that is so obviously true or sure to happen that you do not question i
必然的事
必然發生的事情
Something that is so obviously true or sure to happen that you do not question it.
It is a given that city rent costs more than suburban rent.
市區的房租比郊區貴，這是毋庸置疑的。
it is a given that + [clause]
For most parents, a messy house after a children's party is a given.
對大多數家長來說，辦完兒童派對後家裡亂成一團是必然的事。
Christopher accepted long hours as a given when he took the job at the hospital.
Christopher 接受醫院這份工作時，就已經把工時很長視為理所當然。
Higher airfares during the holidays are treated as a given by most travellers.
大部分旅客都把假期期間機票較貴視為理所當然。
In this industry, constant change is simply a given that everyone must accept.
在這個行業裡，不斷的變化是每個人都必須接受的事實。
- certainty
broader term for anything sure; does not carry the 'accepted without question' tone
- sure thing
informal; used in everyday conversation
- foregone conclusion
emphasises that the outcome is already known before it happens
- uncertainty
something that is not known or sure to happen
- question mark
informal; something that is not yet decided or known
文法句型
be + a + given
it is a given that + [clause]
用法筆記
Always uses the singular form with the article 'a' or 'the'. Often follows the pattern 'it is a given that...', where the clause states the fact that is accepted as certain.