guts
guts — 動詞
- gutspresent simple I / you / we / they
- gutses3rd person singular
- gutsing-ing form
- gutsedpast simple
1. to take out the inner organs of a fish, bird, or other animal before cooking or
取出內臟
烹飪前取出魚或動物的內臟
to take out the inner organs of a fish, bird, or other animal before cooking or preparing it
Linh learned how to gut a fish during her first summer at the lake.
Linh 在第一個夏天的湖邊學會了如何取出魚的內臟。
collocation: gut + fish / chicken / duck
Before roasting the chicken, you need to gut it and rinse the cavity.
烤雞之前，你需要取出內臟並沖洗內部。
The fisherman gutted the trout he caught and threw the scraps to the cats.
那位漁夫將捕到的鱒魚取出內臟，把殘渣丟給貓吃。
Jabari gutted the duck his uncle had brought from the farm that morning.
Jabari 將叔叔早上從農場帶回來的鴨子取出內臟。
The chef showed the new cook how to gut a mackerel in under a minute.
主廚向新來的廚師示範如何在不到一分鐘內取出鯖魚的內臟。
文法句型
gut + animal/fish
用法筆記
Object is always an animal, fish, or bird. Frequently used in cooking and hunting contexts.
常見錯誤
2. to remove the most important sections from a book, report, or written work, leav
摘取精華
從書籍或文件中提取重要部分
to remove the most important sections from a book, report, or written work, leaving only a shortened version
The editor gutted the two-hundred-page speech and kept only the main points.
編輯將那篇兩百頁的演講稿摘取精華，只保留主要重點。
transitive: gut + speech / report / book
Kasia gutted the long research paper for the key findings she needed.
Kasia 從那篇冗長的研究論文中摘取了她需要的關鍵發現。
The original novel was gutted by the publisher to make a school edition.
那本原著被出版社摘取精華，做成學校用的簡化版本。
Mayumi gutted the manual and turned the instructions into a single page.
Mayumi 將說明手冊摘取精華，把指示濃縮成一頁。
Owen gutted the long government report for the budget numbers only.
Owen 從那份厚厚的政府報告中只摘取了預算數據。
文法句型
gut + document/report/book
用法筆記
Often used in the passive voice ('was gutted'). Object is a written work — book, report, speech, article. Distinguish from sense 1 (which applies to animals/fish).
常見錯誤
3. to ruin the inner contents of a building, vehicle, or similar structure, leaving
摧毀內部
破壞建築物或車輛的內部結構
to ruin the inner contents of a building, vehicle, or similar structure, leaving the outer shell or frame still standing
A fire gutted the old factory on Maple Street late last night.
昨晚深夜一場大火摧毀了楓樹街上那間老工廠的內部。
collocation: fire + gut + building
The earthquake gutted the school, leaving only the outer walls standing.
地震摧毀了學校內部，只留下外牆還矗立著。
An explosion gutted the delivery truck, but the driver walked away unhurt.
爆炸摧毀了送貨卡車的內部，但司機毫髮無傷地走了出來。
Tamar returned home to find that the storm had gutted her beach house.
Tamar 回家後發現暴風雨已經摧毀了她海邊小屋的內部。
A chemical leak gutted the laboratory, ruining years of research samples.
化學物質外洩摧毀了實驗室內部，毀掉多年的研究樣本。
文法句型
fire/explosion + gut + building/vehicle
用法筆記
Subject is typically a destructive force (fire, explosion, earthquake, storm). The shell or framework stays standing; only the contents and inner structure are destroyed.
常見錯誤
4. to remove or weaken the most important parts of a plan, argument, law, or organi
削弱核心
削弱計畫或組織的核心力量
to remove or weaken the most important parts of a plan, argument, law, or organization so that it loses its strength or purpose
The new budget cuts gutted the school's music and art programmes completely.
新的預算削減完全削弱了學校音樂和美術課程的核心。
collocation: budget cuts + gut + programme / service
Faisal's criticism gutted the main argument of the proposal.
Faisal 的批評削弱了那份提案的主要論點。
The environmental bill was gutted by the committee before the final vote.
那項環保法案在最終表決前被委員會削弱了核心條文。
Staff shortages have gutted the hospital's emergency services this winter.
今年冬天人員短缺已經削弱了醫院急診部門的核心功能。
Hyun felt the new version of the law had gutted its original purpose entirely.
Hyun 認為新版本的修法完全削弱了原本的立法目的。
- bolster
implies active support added, not just a reversal
文法句型
gut + plan/argument/organisation
用法筆記
Object is abstract — a plan, law, policy, argument, or organisation. Often used in political or business contexts. Distinguish from sense 3, where the destruction is physical.
常見錯誤
guts — 名詞
1. the long tubes inside the body of a person or animal through which food passes a
內臟；腸道
人或動物的內臟器官
the long tubes inside the body of a person or animal through which food passes after it leaves the stomach, especially when they are removed or seen outside the body.
The hunter removed the deer's guts before carrying it back to camp.
獵人把鹿的內臟取出後，才把鹿扛回營地。
removed the [animal]'s guts
In biology class, Niran examined the guts of a preserved frog under the microscope.
Niran 在生物課上用顯微鏡觀察青蛙的腸子。
Fish guts are often used as fertiliser on farms near the coast.
海岸附近的農場常把魚的腸子當作肥料使用。
The old fishing line was made from animal guts, not from plastic or nylon.
那條舊釣線是用動物的腸子做的，不是塑膠或尼龍。
Ayesha watched as the chef cleaned the chicken and removed the guts before roasting it.
Ayesha 看著廚師清理雞隻，取出腸子後才放進烤箱烤。
- intestines
the standard medical term; 'guts' is more informal and often used when the organs are removed
- bowels
more formal or old-fashioned, often used in medical or biblical contexts
- entrails
used mainly when the organs are removed from a dead animal
文法句型
always plural when referring to internal organs
用法筆記
Always used in the plural form when referring to internal organs. The singular 'gut' refers to the whole digestive tract rather than the individual organs.
常見錯誤
2. the entire tube-shaped system in the body that processes food, starting from the
消化道
從口腔到肛門的消化管道
the entire tube-shaped system in the body that processes food, starting from the mouth and ending at the anus.
Fibre helps keep the gut healthy by moving food through the digestive system more easily.
纖維有助於讓食物順利通過消化道，維持腸道健康。
keep the gut healthy
Dr. Okafor explained that the human gut is about nine metres long from mouth to anus.
Okafor 醫生解釋說，人體消化道從口腔到肛門約有九公尺長。
Yuna's doctor recommended probiotics to balance the bacteria living in her gut.
Yuna 的醫生建議她服用益生菌，以平衡腸道內的菌叢。
Stress can affect the entire gut, causing pain in both the stomach and the intestines.
壓力會影響整個消化道，造成胃部和腸道疼痛。
The surgery was needed because a blockage had formed in the lower part of Felix's gut.
Felix 的消化道下段出現阻塞，因此需要動手術。
- digestive system
broader term including organs like the liver and pancreas; 'gut' focuses on the tube itself
- alimentary canal
the formal medical term used in textbooks
- intestinal tract
more specific, usually refers to the intestines only, not the stomach or oesophagus
文法句型
the gut — singular when referring to the whole system
用法筆記
Unlike 'guts' (plural, sense 1), this sense is usually singular: 'the gut' or 'a person's gut'. It is a medical or semi-technical term.
3. the soft front part of the body between the chest and the legs, especially when
肚子
胸部到腿之間的柔軟部位
the soft front part of the body between the chest and the legs, especially when considered as the area where the stomach is.
Eitan complained of a sharp pain in his guts after eating the spicy curry too quickly.
Eitan 吃咖哩吃得太快，接著抱怨肚子一陣劇痛。
pain in the guts
Lucía laughed so hard at the joke that her guts hurt for the rest of the evening.
Lucía 被笑話逗得哈哈大笑，肚子痛了整個晚上。
The boxer took a heavy punch to the guts and doubled over immediately.
那位拳擊手腹部被重重擊中，當場彎下腰來。
A large meal always leaves Femi feeling like his guts are about to burst.
Femi 每次吃大餐都覺得肚子快撐破了。
Rania lay on the sofa with a hot water bottle on her guts, trying to ease the cramp.
Rania 躺在沙發上，把熱水袋放在肚子上想緩解抽筋。
文法句型
usually plural: guts = belly/abdomen
用法筆記
Informal — in formal writing, use 'stomach' or 'abdomen' instead. This sense overlaps with the digestive discomfort idea but focuses on the physical area of the body, not the organs themselves.
常見錯誤
4. a strong thread made from the intestines of animals, traditionally used to sew u
羊腸線
動物腸製成的縫合線或樂器弦
a strong thread made from the intestines of animals, traditionally used to sew up wounds during surgery or to make the strings of musical instruments such as violins and guitars.
Surgeons used to stitch wounds with gut, but now they mostly use synthetic materials instead.
外科醫生曾經用羊腸線縫合傷口，但現在大多改用合成材料。
stitch wounds with gut
Jessica prefers to play her violin with gut strings because they produce a warmer sound than steel ones.
Jessica 比較喜歡用小提琴的羊腸弦，因為音色比鋼弦溫暖。
The tennis racket from the 1960s still had its original gut strings, though they were quite fragile.
那把一九六〇年代的網球拍仍保留著原有的羊腸線，只是已經很脆弱了。
Greta learned in her medical history class that early stitches were made from animal gut and silk.
Greta 在醫學史課上學到，早期的縫合線是用動物腸線和蠶絲製成的。
The old fishing net was handwoven from twisted gut and had lasted for decades.
那張舊漁網是用羊腸線手工編織而成，用了幾十年都沒壞。
- catgut
the full name; 'gut' is the shortened form
- surgical gut
used in medical contexts to distinguish it from musical-instrument gut
文法句型
gut = catgut as a material
用法筆記
Despite the name 'catgut', this material has never been made from cats — it comes from sheep, goats, or horses. The 'cat' part may come from 'kit' (a type of small violin) or from the Arabic 'qit' (guitar string).
5. the most important or basic parts inside a system, machine, or organisation that
核心；精髓
機器或系統的內部關鍵零件
the most important or basic parts inside a system, machine, or organisation that make it function or give it its real character.
The technician opened the back of the computer to check the guts of the machine for dust.
技師打開電腦後蓋，檢查機器內部的核心零件有沒有灰塵。
the guts of the machine
Isabela studied the guts of the engine carefully before trying to fix the problem.
Isabela 仔細研究了引擎內部的關鍵零件，才試著解決問題。
The new law goes straight to the guts of the housing crisis by addressing rising rent costs.
這項新法直接切入房屋危機的核心，從調漲租金入手解決問題。
To understand the film, you need to look past the special effects and find the guts of the story.
要看懂這部電影，你不能只看特效，而要找出故事的精髓所在。
Olivia dismantled the old clock and laid the guts of the mechanism across the table.
Olivia 把舊鐘拆開，將機芯的核心零件一一擺在桌上。
文法句型
the guts of [something]
用法筆記
Figurative — refers to the internal structure that makes something work, not to living bodies. Distinguish from sense 7 (noun_b2) which describes a person's instinctive emotional reactions, not a system's inner workings.
6. the quality of being brave enough to do something difficult, unpleasant, or frig
膽量；勇氣
面對困難或危險的勇氣
the quality of being brave enough to do something difficult, unpleasant, or frightening, even when you feel afraid.
Niran did not have the guts to tell his boss that the report contained serious mistakes.
Niran 沒有膽量告訴老闆那份報告有嚴重錯誤。
have the guts to + infinitive
It took a lot of guts for Femi to walk on stage and sing in front of two hundred people.
Femi 需要很大的勇氣才能走上舞台，在兩百人面前唱歌。
it takes guts to [do something]
The rescue team showed real guts by running into the burning building to save the children.
搜救隊衝進燃燒的大樓拯救兒童，展現了真正的勇氣。
Yuna finally got the guts to quit her job and start her own small bakery.
Yuna 終於鼓起勇氣辭去工作，開了自己的小麵包店。
Anyone who criticises the manager to his face needs guts of steel.
敢當面對經理提出批評的人，需要有鋼鐵般的膽量。
文法句型
have the guts to + infinitive
用法筆記
Informal — in formal writing, use 'courage', 'nerve', or 'bravery' instead. This sense is always plural ('guts') but is treated as uncountable in meaning (you cannot say 'a gut').
常見錯誤
7. someone's inner source of deep natural feelings and instincts, producing reactio
本能直覺
內心深處的本能感受
someone's inner source of deep natural feelings and instincts, producing reactions that do not depend on careful thought — for example, a feeling that something is right or wrong, or a sudden reaction to a situation.
Sumin felt a strange twisting in her guts as she walked into the exam hall.
Sumin 走進考場時，感到胃裡一陣奇異的翻攪。
in her guts — physical sign of instinct
When Eitan's uncle saw the damaged bridge, his guts screamed at him not to cross.
Eitan 的叔叔看到那座受損的橋時，他的直覺尖叫著要他別過去。
guts as source of warning instinct
Rachid knew in his guts that adopting the stray dog was right.
Rachid 內心深處知道收養那隻流浪狗是對的。
Camille's guts told her the job was wrong for her, despite the huge salary.
Camille 的直覺告訴她這份工作不適合自己，儘管薪水很高。
Kasia always listened to what her guts were saying when she met someone new.
Kasia 認識新朋友時總是會聆聽自己內心的本能直覺。
- instinct
more neutral and formal; 'guts' emphasises a raw, physical sense of knowing
- intuition
focuses on knowing without reasoning; 'guts' is more about the physical feeling in the body
- sixth sense
less common; implies a mysterious ability rather than a natural bodily reaction
用法筆記
Unlike the singular 'gut' (used in compounds like 'gut feeling'), the plural 'guts' in this sense is used as the subject or object of emotional or instinctive reactions. Frequently appears with verbs like 'tell', 'scream', 'know', and 'feel'.
8. a very narrow channel or passage, especially in a coastline, cave, canyon, or ro
狹窄通道
狹窄的天然通道或水道
a very narrow channel or passage, especially in a coastline, cave, canyon, or rocky area, that people or things can move through.
The kayakers navigated through the rocky guts at the base of the cliff.
泛舟者穿過懸崖底部岩石間的狹窄水道。
narrow channels in geography
At low tide, Ziad saw narrow guts where the water had cut through the rock.
退潮時，Ziad 看到水流在岩石中切割出的狹窄通道。
The old quarter had dark guts where only one person could walk at a time.
舊城區有狹窄的暗道，一次只能容一人通過。
Wren mapped the narrow guts of the canyon for her geology project.
Wren 為她的地質學專題繪製了峽谷中狹窄通道的地圖。
用法筆記
Also used in the singular form 'a gut' when referring to one such passage. The plural 'guts' refers to multiple passages or a network of them.
9. the silk-producing gland taken from a fully grown silkworm just before it starts
蠶絲腺
蠶體內的絲腺，可抽出絲線
the silk-producing gland taken from a fully grown silkworm just before it starts spinning its cocoon, used to make extremely fine, strong thread for fishing lines and high-quality sewing thread.
Silk farmers carefully removed the guts from silkworms before they spun their cocoons.
蠶農在蠶寶寶開始吐絲結繭前，小心取出其體內的絲腺。
removing silk glands from silkworms
Hoa learned to draw the silk thread from the guts of each silkworm by hand.
Hoa 學會了用手從每隻蠶的絲腺中抽出蠶絲。
The fishing line was made from silkworm guts and was strong enough for large trout.
這條釣線是用蠶絲腺製成的，強韌到能釣大鱒魚。
Anjali studied the old method of pulling silk from silkworm guts.
Anjali 研究了一種從蠶絲腺抽取蠶絲的古老方法。
用法筆記
This sense is highly specialised and belongs to the field of sericulture and traditional fishing-tackle making. It is not encountered in everyday speech.
10. a college or university class that needs very little work or study to pass, ofte
營養學分
不需用功就能輕鬆通過的課程
a college or university class that needs very little work or study to pass, often chosen mainly to earn credits quickly.
Stefan signed up for the course because everyone said it was a total gut.
Stefan 選了那門課，因為大家都說那是個營養學分。
slang: 'a gut' = an easy course
Antonia chose two easy guts to balance out her schedule of difficult classes.
Antonia 選了兩門營養學分課，來平衡她困難的課程表。
The students called the class a real gut because there were no exams at all.
學生們都說那門課是涼課，因為根本沒有考試。
Hana needed credits, so she took a gut course that met once a week.
Hana 需要學分，所以她選了一門每週只上一次的涼課。
- blow-off class
more informal American campus slang; 'guts' is less common in modern usage
- easy A
focuses on the grade rather than the workload; more widely understood
- bird course
primarily British and Canadian slang for the same concept
用法筆記
Often used as the compound 'gut course' or simply 'a gut'. This is campus slang and is not used in formal academic writing.
guts — 形容詞
- gutspositive
- gutsercomparative
- gutsestsuperlative
1. based on a strong immediate feeling inside you, rather than on careful thinking
直覺；本能
憑本能而非理性分析的
based on a strong immediate feeling inside you, rather than on careful thinking or logical reasons — for example, a gut feeling that a person cannot be trusted, or a gut reaction to say no before you have time to think.
Jessica had a gut feeling that something was wrong with the new manager.
Jessica 有種直覺，覺得新主管有些不對勁。
gut + feeling: instinctive belief
Owen's gut reaction was to refuse, but he agreed to think about it overnight.
Owen 的本能反應是拒絕，但他同意考慮一晚再決定。
gut + reaction: immediate emotional response
The detective followed her gut instinct and checked the old warehouse again.
那名偵探憑直覺回到舊倉庫再搜查一次。
A gut feeling told Lien not to take the shortcut through the dark alley.
直覺告訴 Lien 不要走那條穿過暗巷的捷徑。
Sometimes you have to trust your gut and make a quick decision.
有時候你必須相信直覺，迅速做出決定。
- instinctive
more formal; used for any automatic behaviour, not just feelings
- visceral
more formal and technical; suggests a deep physical reaction
- intuitive
focuses on understanding without reasoning, often in a positive light
- rational
based on logic and reason rather than emotion
- deliberate
carefully considered over time, not instantaneous
文法句型
gut + noun (feeling / reaction / instinct)
用法筆記
Always used before a noun (attributive position). The adjective form is 'gut' (without -s), even though the plural noun form of the word is 'guts.'
常見錯誤
2. producing a strong emotional effect on people; relating directly to the most imp
強烈；深切
產生強烈情緒影響的
producing a strong emotional effect on people; relating directly to the most important or emotional side of a situation — for example, a gut issue that voters care about deeply, or a gut-wrenching scene in a film.
Valentina found child poverty to be a gut issue that demanded immediate action.
Valentina 認為兒童貧窮是強烈需要立即行動的切身議題。
gut issue: deeply felt important topic
Kofi gave a gut-wrenching account of the accident that left the room silent.
Kofi 描述那場事故時令人揪心，全場一片寂靜。
gut-wrenching: causing extreme emotional distress
The film's gut appeal came from its honest look at family struggles and loss.
那部電影之所以扣人心弦，是因為它誠實地呈現了家庭的掙扎與失落。
The closing scene had a real gut impact, and people left the theatre in tears.
結尾那一幕令人深受震撼，觀眾含淚離開戲院。
- superficial
only affecting the surface, not deeply felt
- mild
weak in effect, not producing a strong reaction
文法句型
gut + noun (issue / appeal / concern)
用法筆記
Often used in fixed compounds such as 'gut-wrenching.' Only appears before a noun (attributive position).
常見錯誤
guts — 慣用語
1. used in phrases that refer to the bowels or stomach, especially when describing
慣用：腸胃
慣用語中指腸胃部位
used in phrases that refer to the bowels or stomach, especially when describing a strong emotional or physical reaction — for example, a feeling in your guts when you are nervous or frightened, or removing an animal's guts during preparation.
Daichi doubled over and clutched his guts after eating the spoiled fish.
Daichi 吃了不新鮮的魚之後，痛得彎腰抱著肚子。
possessive determiner + guts as body part
The hunter carefully removed the animal's guts before cleaning the meat.
獵人在處理肉之前小心地取出動物的內臟。
Yara felt her guts tighten when she saw the difficult exam questions.
Yara 看到困難的試題時，覺得腸胃一陣緊縮。
Linh cleaned the fish by cutting it open and pulling out its guts.
Linh 把魚剖開，掏出腸子，然後清洗魚身。
Folake could feel her guts churning nervously as the interview began.
面試開始時，Folake 感覺她的腸胃緊張地翻攪著。
- intestines
the standard medical term for the lower part of the digestive system
- bowels
a formal or clinical word for the intestines
- insides
an even more informal word for stomach or digestive organs
文法句型
used as plural noun
用法筆記
Always used in the plural form when referring to the bodily organs. The singular form 'gut' refers to the whole digestive tract or is used in compounds (gut bacteria, gut reaction).
常見錯誤
2. used in phrases that express bravery or determination in the face of difficulty
慣用：膽量
慣用語中指勇氣或膽量
used in phrases that express bravery or determination in the face of difficulty — for example, 'have the guts to do something' means having enough courage to do something hard or unpleasant, and 'it takes guts' means a situation requires real bravery.
Brian did not have the guts to tell his parents he had failed the course.
Brian 沒有勇氣告訴父母他考試沒過。
negative: not have the guts to do something
Adina showed real guts by confronting the manager about the unfair policy.
Adina 展現了真正的勇氣，敢於當面質疑主管的不公平政策。
show + guts
It takes guts to leave a steady job and start your own company from scratch.
要辭去穩定的工作、從頭開始創業，需要很大的勇氣。
Hugo had the guts to tell the board exactly what he thought of their proposal.
Hugo 有膽量當著董事會的面說出他對提案的真實想法。
Owen questioned whether he had the guts to go skydiving off the cliff.
Owen 懷疑自己有沒有膽子從懸崖上跳傘。
- courage
the standard, more formal word for the quality of being brave
- nerve
similar meaning, often in 'have the nerve to do something'; can also carry a more negative tone of being cheeky
- bravery
more formal, often used for heroic acts in dangerous situations
- backbone
figurative; refers to moral strength and firmness of character
- cowardice
the lack of courage when facing danger or difficulty
文法句型
have the guts to do something
take guts
show guts
用法筆記
Almost always paired with a verb phrase ('have the guts to + verb', 'show guts', 'take guts'). Cannot be used as a simple countable noun — one does not say 'a guts' or 'two guts' in this sense. Common in informal speech and writing.