introversion
introversion — 名詞
1. a tendency to feel more comfortable and mentally refreshed when spending time al
內向
偏好獨處、不喜社交的性格特質
a tendency to feel more comfortable and mentally refreshed when spending time alone or with just a few close people, rather than in large social groups or loud gatherings
Many people confuse shyness with introversion, but they are different traits.
很多人把害羞和內向混為一談，但其實它們是兩種不同的特質。
introversion contrasted with shyness
Amani's introversion means she prefers reading a book alone to attending a loud party.
Amani 的內向特質使她寧可獨自看書，也不想去參加吵鬧的派對。
prefers + gerund to + gerund
The counselor helped Nikhil see his introversion as a natural part of his personality.
職涯諮詢師幫助 Nikhil 理解到，他的內向是人格中很自然的一部分。
Elise chose a quiet cafe for her birthday because her introversion makes loud restaurants exhausting.
Elise 選擇了一家安靜的咖啡館來慶祝生日，因為她的內向特質讓她覺得吵雜的餐廳令人疲憊。
- shyness
overlaps in everyday speech but shyness involves fear of judgment, while introversion is a preference for less stimulation
- reserve
focuses on the behavioural sign of holding back, not the motivational cause
- reticence
emphasises reluctance to speak or express oneself, which may or may not accompany introversion
- extroversion
the opposite trait: gaining energy from social interaction and external activities
- sociability
a broader fondness for being with others, not a strict personality opposite
用法筆記
Frequently contrasted with 'extroversion' (or 'extraversion'); the two are seen as opposite ends of a personality spectrum, not a binary.
常見錯誤
2. in psychology, a stable personality pattern in which a person draws emotional en
內向性
心理學中從內心世界獲得能量的穩定人格向度
in psychology, a stable personality pattern in which a person draws emotional energy and satisfaction from their own inner world of thoughts and feelings, rather than from social activities or external events
In psychology class, the professor explained that introversion is a normal personality dimension, not a disorder.
心理學課堂上，教授說明內向性是一種正常的人格向度，而不是一種障礙。
normal personality dimension — not pathological
Ramon's high introversion score on the personality test matched his quiet lifestyle.
Ramon 在人格測驗中的內向性分數很高，這與他喜歡安靜的生活方式相符。
collocation: introversion score
Dr. Patel's research explores how introversion affects the way people process new information.
Patel 博士的研究探討內向性如何影響人們處理新資訊的方式。
Yuki's psychology report examined how introversion relates to creativity in visual artists.
Yuki 的心理學報告探討了內向性與視覺藝術家創造力之間的關聯。
- inwardness
a more literary or philosophical term for being absorbed in one's own thoughts
- self-containment
emphasises emotional independence from others, a behavioural consequence of introversion
- extroversion
the opposite pole on the personality dimension; in psychology, often spelled 'extraversion'
用法筆記
In academic psychology, introversion is one pole of the extraversion-introversion dimension in the Big Five and Eysenck's personality models. It is not considered a flaw or a condition requiring treatment.
常見錯誤
3. a biological condition in which a part of the body, such as an organ, a layer of
內翻
器官或組織向身體內部摺疊的生物狀態
a biological condition in which a part of the body, such as an organ, a layer of tissue, or the edge of a plant structure, turns inward or folds back toward the inside of the organism
The ophthalmologist diagnosed an introversion of the lower eyelid, which was causing irritation.
眼科醫師診斷出下眼瞼內翻，這是造成刺激不適的原因。
collocation: introversion of the eyelid
In plant biology, introversion of leaf edges helps seedlings retain moisture during dry spells.
在植物學中，葉緣的內翻有助於幼苗在乾旱期間保持水分。
The surgeon noted an introversion of the intestinal wall during the procedure.
外科醫師在手術過程中注意到腸壁有內翻的現象。
Under the microscope, introversion of the cell membrane was visible in the sample tissue.
在顯微鏡下，可以觀察到樣本組織中的細胞膜內翻現象。
- invagination
more common in medical contexts for a pocket-shaped inward fold
- inversion
a broader term for any turning inward, also used in anatomy and genetics
- eversion
the opposite process of turning outward or inside out
用法筆記
This sense is primarily used in medical and biological contexts. In medicine, the term overlaps with 'invagination' (a pocket-like folding inward). In botany, it describes a curling or folding movement of plant parts.