permanent
permanent — 形容詞
1. continuing for many years or for life, or staying in a form that will not be cha
永久的
多年不消失或無法恢復原狀
continuing for many years or for life, or staying in a form that will not be changed back or removed
The surgery left a permanent scar above Leo's left eyebrow.
那場手術在 Leo 左眉上方留下了永久的疤痕。
collocation: permanent scar
Marta used a permanent marker to label every box in the garage.
Marta 用永久性麥克筆在車庫裡的每個箱子上做標記。
collocation: permanent marker
After the fire, the museum made permanent changes to the front doors.
火災後，博物館把前門做了永久性的改動。
The judge warned that one careless post could cause permanent damage.
法官警告說，一則粗心的貼文可能造成永久的傷害。
Town workers planted oak trees as a permanent sign of the town's thanks.
鎮公所工人種下橡樹，作為這個城鎮長久的謝意象徵。
- lasting
Also about continuing a long time, but it does not always suggest forever or an unchangeable result.
- enduring
More formal, often stressing strength through time.
- irreversible
Narrower; used when a change cannot be changed back.
- indelible
Narrower and more formal, especially for marks, ink, or memories.
- temporary
Lasts only for a limited time.
- reversible
Can be changed back to the earlier state.
用法筆記
Often used with results, marks, or damage that cannot be undone. Distinguish from adjective/2: this sense focuses on long-lasting effect, not on something being regularly present in a place or role.
常見錯誤
2. present, available, or set up all the time instead of only for a short period or
固定的
長期存在或正式保留的
present, available, or set up all the time instead of only for a short period or one occasion
After six months, Hana was offered a permanent job at the bakery.
六個月後，Hana 在那家麵包店拿到了固定的工作。
collocation: permanent job
The museum has a permanent exhibition beside the main stairs.
那間博物館在主樓梯旁有一個常設展覽。
collocation: permanent exhibition
Our village clinic finally has a permanent doctor on weekdays.
我們村裡的診所終於在平日有固定的醫師了。
The school needs a permanent music room, not another tent.
那所學校需要一間固定的音樂教室，不是再搭一頂帳篷。
The camp now has permanent toilets near the bus stop.
那個營地現在在公車站旁設有固定的廁所。
- fixed
Suggests something set in one arrangement or position.
- standing
More formal; often used for arrangements or orders that stay in force.
- established
Stresses that something has been officially created or kept in place.
用法筆記
Common with jobs, staff, displays, rooms, and facilities. Distinguish from adjective/1: this sense is about something being in place all the time, not about a mark or change that cannot be undone.
常見錯誤
permanent — 名詞
1. a salon process that uses chemicals to give the hair curls that stay for weeks o
燙髮
用藥水做出的持久捲髮
a salon process that uses chemicals to give the hair curls that stay for weeks or months, or the curled style itself
Tina got a permanent at the salon before her cousin's winter wedding.
Tina 在表親的冬季婚禮前，先去髮廊燙了頭髮。
collocation: get a permanent
The permanent looked looser after Amy washed her hair twice.
Amy 洗了兩次頭後，那個燙髮看起來更鬆了。
At the salon, Mrs. Chen asked for a soft permanent.
在髮廊裡，Chen 太太說她想燙一個柔和一點的捲髮。
Rosa's mother had a permanent at the salon every spring for twenty years.
Rosa 的媽媽二十年來每到春天都會去髮廊燙髮。
My aunt showed the hairdresser a photo before getting her permanent.
我阿姨在燙髮前先拿照片給髮型師看。
- perm
The short everyday form, much more common in speech.
- permanent wave
The full formal name, now somewhat old-fashioned.
- straight style
A hairstyle without curls.
文法句型
get a permanent
have a permanent
用法筆記
Usually countable. In everyday English, many speakers say perm instead; permanent is the older full form and often appears with get or have.