pm
pm — 縮寫
1. written abbreviation for 'post meridiem' in Latin, meaning after noon; used with
下午
中午12點到午夜的時間標示
written abbreviation for 'post meridiem' in Latin, meaning after noon; used with times from 12:00 in the middle of the day to 11:59 at night, to show that you are talking about the afternoon, evening, or night rather than the morning.
Hugo's flight arrives at 10:15 pm tonight, so we can pick him up after dinner.
Hugo 的航班今晚 10：15 抵達，所以我們可以吃完晚餐再去接他。
time notation: [hour] + pm
The library closes at 6 pm on Fridays during the summer holidays.
暑假的星期五，圖書館下午六點關門。
Élise has a dentist appointment at 3:30 pm on Tuesday afternoon.
Élise 星期二下午三點半有約好的看診。
The market is open from 9:00 am to 9:00 pm every day of the week.
這家市場每天早上 9：00 開到晚上 9：00，一週七天都有營業。
- am
used for times before noon (midnight to 11:59 in the morning)
文法句型
[number] + pm
用法筆記
In informal writing, 'p.m.' with dots or 'pm' without dots are both common. On schedules and digital clocks, 'PM' in capital letters is standard. The 12-hour clock system using am/pm is common in the US, Canada, Australia, and the UK, while many other countries use the 24-hour clock.
常見錯誤
2. written abbreviation for 'prime minister', used as a title before a person's nam
總理銜
政府領導人的職銜縮寫
written abbreviation for 'prime minister', used as a title before a person's name in newspapers, official documents, and captions.
PM Tariq addressed the nation after the election results were announced.
Tariq 總理在選舉結果公布後向全國發表談話。
title use: PM + [name]
The newspaper headline read: "PM Reema visits flood-affected areas."
報紙頭條寫著：「Reema 總理視察水災災區。」
PM Haruto will meet with foreign leaders at the summit next month.
Haruto 總理下個月將在高峰會上與外國領袖會面。
A spokesperson for PM Yan confirmed the meeting was postponed.
Yan 總理的發言人證實會議已延期。
文法句型
PM + [name]
the PM
用法筆記
This abbreviation sense is a title used directly before a name (e.g., PM Sunak). When talking about the position in ordinary speech or writing using articles ('the PM', 'a new PM'), use the noun sense instead — it follows normal noun grammar patterns.
3. written abbreviation for 'particulate matter'; extremely small pieces of dust, s
懸浮微粒
空氣中的微小汙染物
written abbreviation for 'particulate matter'; extremely small pieces of dust, soot, smoke, or liquid droplets floating in the air, especially when measuring air pollution.
PM2.5 levels in Hanoi reached dangerous levels during the dry season.
河內市的 PM2.5 濃度在乾季達到危險等級。
followed by size number: PM2.5, PM10
The government issued a warning when PM concentrations exceeded the safety limit.
政府在懸浮微粒濃度超過安全標準時發布了警報。
Hoa checked the daily PM index before deciding to go for a run outside.
Hoa 在決定出門跑步前先查了當天的懸浮微粒指數。
Scientists measure PM levels to understand how air pollution affects people's health.
科學家測量懸浮微粒濃度，以了解空氣汙染如何影響人體健康。
文法句型
PM + [size number]
PM levels
用法筆記
PM is always followed by a number that indicates the size of the particles in micrometres. PM2.5 refers to particles smaller than 2.5 micrometres (the most dangerous for human health). PM10 refers to larger particles up to 10 micrometres.
4. written abbreviation for 'premium', used in financial and insurance contexts to
保費；溢價
保險費或額外費用
written abbreviation for 'premium', used in financial and insurance contexts to mean the regular payment made for an insurance policy, or an additional amount paid above the standard price.
The monthly PM on Camila's health insurance went up by fifteen percent.
Camila 的健康保險月繳保費調漲了百分之十五。
insurance context: PM on [policy]
Investors paid a PM of eight percent above the market price for those shares.
投資者以高於市價百分之八的溢價買入那些股票。
finance context: paid a PM of [amount]
The report showed that the PM on the company's bonds increased sharply this quarter.
報告顯示該公司債券的溢價本季大幅增加。
Christopher asked his broker to explain why the PM on his policy had changed.
Christopher 請他的經紀人解釋為什麼他的保單保費變動了。
文法句型
[amount] + PM
pay a PM
用法筆記
This abbreviation is most common in written financial documents and insurance statements. In everyday speech, 'premium' (the full word) is preferred. The meaning depends on context: insurance premium = regular payment; bond premium = extra amount above par value.
5. the chemical symbol for promethium, a radioactive metallic element with atomic n
鉕
化學元素符號，原子序61
the chemical symbol for promethium, a radioactive metallic element with atomic number 61 that belongs to the lanthanide series. It does not occur naturally in large amounts and is produced inside nuclear reactors.
The element Pm is a radioactive metal that glows in the dark.
元素 Pm 是一種會在黑暗中發光的放射性金屬。
element Pm: scientific context
Scientists use Pm-147 to power small batteries for spacecraft and pacemakers.
科學家使用 Pm-147 為太空船和心律調節器的小型電池供電。
Pm + isotope number: Pm-147
Pm is one of the few elements that has no stable isotopes in nature.
Pm 是少數幾種在自然界中沒有穩定同位素的元素之一。
The lab ordered a small sample of Pm from a nuclear research facility.
實驗室向核能研究機構訂購了一小批 Pm 樣本。
文法句型
Pm + [isotope number]
element + Pm
用法筆記
Pm is the official IUPAC symbol for promethium and is used in the periodic table and chemical formulas. In speech, it is pronounced as the full element name, not as 'P-M'.
pm — 名詞
1. a short way of saying 'prime minister'; the top elected minister who runs a nati
首相；總理
國家政府領導人
a short way of saying 'prime minister'; the top elected minister who runs a national government in a parliamentary system — seen in countries like the UK, Canada, India, Japan, and Australia.
The PM met with world leaders at the climate change summit in Paris.
這位總理在巴黎的氣候變遷高峰會上與各國領袖會面。
the PM as subject of a sentence
Eitan hopes to become PM of his country one day and improve the education system.
Eitan 希望有一天能成為國家的總理，並改善教育制度。
become PM: no article before the title
The former PM wrote a book about her time in office that became a bestseller.
前總理寫了一本關於她任職期間的書，成為暢銷書。
Citizens voted for a new PM in last week's national election.
選民在上週的全國選舉中投票選出新總理。
- prime minister
the full form; 'PM' is less formal and more common in news headlines and casual speech
- premier
used in some countries (e.g., Australian states, Canadian provinces) for the head of a regional government
- head of government
a more formal, technical term that can describe any system, not just parliamentary ones
文法句型
the PM
a PM
[possessive] + PM
用法筆記
Unlike the abbreviation sense (which is a title placed before a name), this noun sense follows standard English noun grammar — it takes articles ('the PM arrived', 'a new PM') and can be modified ('former PM', 'current PM'). Use this sense when you are referring to the person by their position in a sentence.
常見錯誤
2. a short way of saying 'project manager'; the person responsible for planning, or
專案經理
負責規劃與執行專案的人
a short way of saying 'project manager'; the person responsible for planning, organizing, and overseeing a specific project from start to finish, typically in a business or technology setting.
I will check with the PM about the deadline for the new website launch.
我會跟專案經理確認新網站上線的截止日期。
the PM: workplace use
Our PM schedules weekly meetings to track everyone's progress on the app.
我們的專案經理每週安排會議，追蹤每個人的應用程式開發進度。
possessive: our PM
The PM asked the design team to finish the mock-ups by Friday afternoon.
專案經理請設計團隊在星期五下午之前完成模型。
Sofie was promoted to PM after successfully leading two major product launches.
Sofie 在成功主導兩項大型產品上市後，晉升為專案經理。
- project manager
the full form; used in formal documents and job titles
- coordinator
a broader term; not all coordinators are project managers
- program manager
manages several related projects rather than a single one
文法句型
the PM
our PM
[name] is the PM
用法筆記
In many workplaces, 'PM' is used so often that the full form 'project manager' feels overly formal. The abbreviation is standard in emails, meeting schedules, and project management software like Jira or Asana.
3. a short way of saying 'private message'; a message sent through a social media p
私訊
社群平台上的私人訊息
a short way of saying 'private message'; a message sent through a social media platform, online forum, or messaging app that only the sender and the recipient can read.
Send me a PM if you want to discuss the details in private.
如果你想私下討論細節，傳私訊給我。
collocation: send [someone] a PM
Eshe received a PM from a teammate about the changes to the schedule.
Eshe 收到一位隊友傳來關於行程變更的私訊。
I sent her a PM on Instagram, but she has not replied yet.
我在 Instagram 上傳了私訊給她，但她還沒有回覆。
Forum rules ask you to use PMs for personal chats instead of posting them publicly.
論壇規則規定，私人對話應該使用私訊，而不是公開貼文。
- DM (direct message)
more common on Twitter/X and Instagram; PM is more common on forums and older platforms
- private message
the full form
文法句型
send + [someone] + a PM
get/receive a PM
用法筆記
Common on platforms like Twitter/X, Instagram, Facebook, Reddit, and Discord. The plural form 'PMs' is widely used. A PM is different from a public comment or a group chat message because only the intended person sees it.