robust

robust — 形容詞

1. Any living thing — person or animal — that is robust has excellent physical cond

1.形容詞B2
釋義

強健的

身體強壯且不易生病的

Any living thing — person or animal — that is robust has excellent physical condition, with a strong body that can handle hard work without tiring easily and rarely falls ill.

例句

Even at eighty-two, Ife remained robust and walked five kilometres every morning before breakfast.

即使已經八十二歲，Ife 依然身體強健，每天早上早餐前會走五公里。

collocation: remain + robust

The ranch used robust horses that could pull heavy carts through muddy fields all day.

這座牧場依賴體格強壯的馬匹，牠們能夠整天拉著沉重的馬車穿過泥濘的田野。

attributive: robust + animals

同義詞
  • strong

    more general; works for physical, mental, or structural strength

  • healthy

    broader — can mean simply free from illness, not necessarily vigorous

  • sturdy

    focuses on build and solidity rather than overall health

反義詞
  • frail

    describes a person who is physically weak and delicate

  • weak

    general opposite; lacks strength in any sense

文法句型

robust + noun

be + robust

常見錯誤

❌My grandmother is very robust' (when meaning mentally strong).
✅My grandmother is very resilient.
💡'robust' primarily describes physical health and strength, not emotional toughness.

2. An object, system, or machine that is robust is built or designed in a way that

2.形容詞B2
釋義

堅固的

結構堅強且不易故障或損壞的

An object, system, or machine that is robust is built or designed in a way that makes it strong and able to keep working well even when used heavily, handled roughly, or placed under difficult conditions.

例句

Tomás built a robust network that handled fifty thousand users logging in at once.

Tomás 設計了一個穩固的網路系統，即使五萬人同時嘗試登入也能正常運作。

attributive: robust + technical system

Aylin bought a robust suitcase that survived five years of airline use without cracking.

Aylin 買了一個耐用的行李箱，歷經五年的航空旅行都沒有出現任何裂縫。

同義詞
  • sturdy

    more common for physical objects; implies solid construction

  • durable

    focuses on lasting a long time without wearing out

  • rugged

    suggests resistance to rough handling or harsh environments

  • resilient

    emphasises the ability to recover quickly from problems

反義詞
  • fragile

    easily broken or damaged

  • flimsy

    weakly made; likely to break under light use

  • vulnerable

    open to damage or failure

文法句型

robust + noun

be + robust

常見錯誤

❌This table is very robust' (when meaning simply 'strong').
✅This table is very sturdy / well-built.
💡'robust' implies the ability to withstand stress or heavy use over time, not just basic strength.

3. Food or drink that is robust offers a flavour that is deep, strong, and fills th

3.形容詞C1
釋義

濃郁的

食物或飲料風味濃烈而飽滿的

Food or drink that is robust offers a flavour that is deep, strong, and fills the mouth in a satisfying way — the taste is immediately noticeable and often lingers.

例句

Linh served a robust red wine that tasted of blackberries and dark spices.

Linh 倒了一瓶味道醇厚的紅酒，帶有黑莓和辛香料的風味。

collocation: robust wine

This robust coffee comes from high-altitude farms in Guatemala and has a chocolaty finish.

這款風味濃郁的咖啡來自瓜地馬拉的高海拔農場，帶有巧克力的尾韻。

同義詞
  • full-bodied

    very close in meaning; common for wine, coffee, beer

  • rich

    broader — can also describe creamy, fatty, or sweet richness

  • hearty

    used for food that is satisfying and substantial

反義詞
  • mild

    gentle flavour; the opposite of strong or intense

  • light

    delicate, not heavy on the palate

  • thin

    watery or lacking depth of flavour

文法句型

robust + food/drink noun

常見錯誤

❌This soup tastes robust' (when the speaker simply means 'good' or 'flavourful').
✅This soup has a robust flavour.
💡'robust' is typically used attributively (before the noun) with flavour/food/drink terms, not predicatively.

4. Behaviour, humour, or language that is robust is direct and rough in a way that

4.形容詞C1
釋義

粗魯的

言行粗野、不講究禮節的

Behaviour, humour, or language that is robust is direct and rough in a way that some people consider rude, unrefined, or lacking in politeness.

例句

The comedian's robust humour made young people laugh, but older audience members looked uncomfortable.

那位喜劇演員的粗俗幽默讓年輕觀眾笑得前仰後合，但年長的觀眾則面露尷尬。

collocation: robust humour

Sivan's robust way of speaking shocked new colleagues used to more careful phrasing.

Sivan 直率粗獷的說話方式有時會嚇到那些習慣較謹慎措辭的新同事。

同義詞
  • coarse

    stronger negative connotation; suggests vulgarity

  • crude

    implies lack of polish or subtlety

  • rough

    more general; can be neutral or negative depending on context

反義詞
  • refined

    polished and elegant in manner or expression

  • polite

    showing good manners and consideration for others

文法句型

robust + noun (humour, language, manner)

用法筆記

This sense is less common than senses 1–3 and carries a mildly negative connotation — it suggests coarseness rather than just directness. Use with care in formal contexts. It is often applied to intentionally rough or earthy humour (e.g. robust jokes) rather than to genuinely insulting behaviour.

常見錯誤

❌He gave a robust speech at the conference' (intending 'confident' or 'forceful').
✅He gave a forceful / confident speech.
💡'robust' in this sense implies roughness or lack of refinement, not confident energy.