system
system — 名詞
1. A group of interrelated parts, pieces, or devices designed to function together
系統
相關設備或零件組成的整體
A group of interrelated parts, pieces, or devices designed to function together as a single whole.
The city's transportation system links every neighborhood with buses, trains, and ferries.
這座城市的交通系統用公車、火車和渡輪連接每個社區。
collocation: transportation system / heating system / solar system
Eliska learned that the solar system contains eight planets orbiting the sun.
Eliska 學到太陽系有八顆行星繞著太陽運行。
system + of: system of planets
When the school's heating system failed in January, classes were canceled for two days.
一月份學校的暖氣系統故障時，課程因此停課兩天。
The irrigation system in the rice fields uses water from the nearby river.
稻田裡的灌溉系統使用附近河流的水。
文法句型
system + of + noun phrase
2. A combination of computer hardware and software that works together to perform t
電腦系統
電腦硬體與軟體的組合
A combination of computer hardware and software that works together to perform tasks or run applications.
Walid installed a new operating system on his laptop to protect against viruses.
Walid 在他的筆電上安裝了新的作業系統以防止病毒入侵。
collocation: operating system
The hospital's booking system crashed when hundreds of patients tried to register at once.
數百名患者同時嘗試掛號時，醫院的預約系統就當機了。
Sahil backed up all his files before upgrading the computer system to the latest version.
Sahil 在將電腦系統升級到最新版本之前備份了所有檔案。
The navigation system in Lisa's car rerouted her around the traffic jam.
Lisa 車上的導航系統重新為她規劃路線，避開了塞車路段。
- platform
broader term that includes the environment for running software, not just the hardware-software combination
文法句型
operating system
computer system
noun + system
用法筆記
Common in compound nouns: operating system, booking system, alarm system, payment system. Subject is often an organization or institution that owns the hardware.
3. A group of organs in a living body that work together to perform a vital functio
身體系統
體內共同運作的器官組織
A group of organs in a living body that work together to perform a vital function, such as breathing, digesting food, or circulating blood.
Padma's biology teacher asked the class to label every part of the human nervous system on a diagram.
Padma 的生物老師要求全班在一張圖表上標出人類神經系統的每一個部分。
collocation: nervous system / immune system / digestive system
Regular exercise strengthens your circulatory system and helps your heart pump blood more efficiently.
定期運動可以強化你的循環系統，幫助心臟更有效地輸送血液。
Dr. Okonkwo explained how the immune system fights off infections by producing special cells.
Okonkwo 醫生解釋免疫系統如何透過製造特殊細胞來對抗感染。
Mateo damaged his skeletal system in the accident and needed surgery on his spine.
Mateo 在事故中傷到了骨骼系統，需要接受脊椎手術。
文法句型
adjective + system
用法筆記
Almost always preceded by an adjective naming the function (nervous, digestive, immune, circulatory, respiratory). The word system alone does not refer to a body part.
常見錯誤
4. The way a person's body functions, especially in relation to digesting food, pro
身體機能
身體運作狀況，尤指消化排泄
The way a person's body functions, especially in relation to digesting food, processing substances, and removing waste.
Apinya felt that months of stress had affected her system, so she started doing yoga every morning.
Apinya 覺得長期的壓力已經影響到她的身體機能，所以她開始每天早上做瑜伽。
collocation: affect / upset + possessive + system
Eating very spicy food late at night can upset your system and keep you awake.
深夜吃太辣的食物可能會干擾你的身體機能，讓你睡不著。
The doctor told Renata to drink more water to help flush the toxins out of her system.
醫生告訴 Renata 要多喝水，幫助將毒素排出體外。
Christopher's system could not handle the rich food at the banquet, and he felt sick all night.
Christopher 的身體無法消化宴會上的油膩食物，整晚都覺得不舒服。
文法句型
possessive + system
upset + possessive + system
用法筆記
Usually singular and preceded by a possessive (my system, your system, her system). Distinguish from sense 3: sense 3 names a specific organ group, while sense 4 refers to general bodily functioning, especially digestion and elimination.
5. A fixed, organized set of rules, methods, or procedures designed to achieve a pa
制度；體系
一套有組織的方法或規則
A fixed, organized set of rules, methods, or procedures designed to achieve a particular goal or run an organization.
The country's legal system is built on laws that protect the basic rights of every citizen.
該國的法律制度建立在保護每位公民基本權利的法律之上。
collocation: legal system / education system / political system
Andrés created a color-coded filing system for all his tax documents and receipts.
Andrés 用彩色資料夾為他所有的稅務文件和收據建立了一套歸檔系統。
Under the current education system, students take national exams at the end of high school.
在現行的教育制度下，學生必須在高中畢業時參加全國考試。
Théo designed a simple reward system to motivate his younger brother to finish homework on time.
Théo 設計了一套簡單的獎勵制度，鼓勵弟弟按時完成作業。
文法句型
adjective + system
system + of + noun phrase
用法筆記
Subject is typically a society, organization, or institution. When referring to government or society-wide rules, this sense borders on sense 8, but the focus here is on structure and procedure, not unfairness.
6. A particular set of standardized units used for counting, measuring distance, we
計量系統
用於計數或測量的標準單位體系
A particular set of standardized units used for counting, measuring distance, weight, or classifying things.
Mira had to convert the recipe from the imperial system to the metric system before baking.
Mira 在烤蛋糕之前，必須把食譜從英制換算成公制。
collocation: metric system / imperial system
Most countries use the metric system, which measures distance in meters and weight in kilograms.
大多數國家使用公制，以公尺為距離單位、公斤為重量單位。
Linh's grandfather still prefers the old measuring system for woodworking projects.
Linh 的祖父從事木工時仍然偏好使用舊有的計量系統。
Japan uses the metric system for most measurements, but some traditional units are still in use.
日本大部分測量使用公制，但有些傳統單位仍被沿用。
- scale
a scale is a simpler sequence of units; a system is a broader framework that may include multiple scales
文法句型
the + adjective + system
用法筆記
Nearly always appears with an adjective (metric, imperial, decimal) or a descriptive modifier. Rarely used alone.
7. The quality of being well-organized and following a deliberate, orderly method r
條理
有條理、有方法的工作或做事方式
The quality of being well-organized and following a deliberate, orderly method rather than acting randomly.
Hui admired the system with which the librarian had arranged thousands of books by topic and author.
Hui 很佩服圖書館員用條理清晰的方式將數千本書按主題和作者排列。
collocation: with system
There was no system to how Lauren packed her suitcase — she simply threw everything inside.
Lauren 整理行李箱時完全沒有條理——她只是把所有東西都扔了進去。
collocation: no system to
Good project management requires system and discipline, not just creativity and enthusiasm.
好的專案管理需要條理和紀律，而不只是創意和熱情。
Jessica approaches every task with system, listing what she needs to do before she starts.
Jessica 做每件事都很有條理，她會在開始前先列出待辦事項。
- chaos
the opposite of deliberate order
文法句型
with + system
without + system
用法筆記
Uncountable in this sense — you cannot say 'a system' to mean orderliness. Commonly appears in the phrases 'with system', 'no system to', or 'lack of system'. Distinguish from sense 5: sense 5 is a countable specific framework; sense 7 is an uncountable quality.
常見錯誤
8. The established rules, institutions, and authorities in a society, viewed as unf
體制
難以改變的既有社會權力結構
The established rules, institutions, and authorities in a society, viewed as unfair and resistant to change, often preventing people from improving their situation.
Tanvi believes the system favors wealthy families while ignoring the needs of poor communities.
Tanvi 認為這個體制偏袒富裕家庭，卻忽視了貧困社區的需求。
collocation: the system + favors / ignores
Many young people feel frustrated with a political system that seems to ignore their concerns.
許多年輕人對於似乎漠視他們訴求的政治體制感到挫折。
Ziad spent years trying to work within the system to change unfair housing policies from the inside.
Ziad 花了數年時間試圖在體制內運作，從內部改變不公平的住房政策。
Tendai argues that the education system punishes poor students instead of helping them succeed.
Tendai 認為教育制度懲罰了貧困學生，而不是幫助他們成功。
- establishment
more formal, refers specifically to the people in power rather than the rules
- the powers that be
informal idiom referring to the people who make decisions without consulting others
文法句型
the system
用法筆記
Often preceded by 'the' and carries a negative or critical tone. Common in phrases like 'fight the system', 'beat the system', 'work within the system', or 'the system is rigged'. Subject is typically people who feel powerless against large institutions.