ex
ex — 名詞
1. someone's former spouse or romantic partner — the relationship between them ende
前任
前配偶或前伴侶
someone's former spouse or romantic partner — the relationship between them ended
Ziad still speaks to his ex on the phone sometimes.
Ziad 有時還是會跟前任通電話。
possessive determiner + ex
Valentina ran into her ex at the grocery store last Saturday.
Valentina 上星期六在超市偶然遇見她的前任。
informal register: run into + ex
When Otis got married, he did not invite any of his exes.
Otis 結婚時沒有邀請任何一位前任。
My ex and I still share custody of the dog we adopted together.
我和前任仍然共同照顧我們一起領養的狗。
Nila asked her ex to return the spare keys to her apartment.
Nila 請她的前任把她公寓的備用鑰匙還回來。
- former partner
more formal and neutral in tone
- former spouse
specifically for an ex-husband or ex-wife; more legal in register
文法句型
my/his/her/their + ex
ex + (optional: wife/husband/partner)
用法筆記
Used as a standalone noun without specifying 'wife'/'husband'/'boyfriend' — the relationship is implied. Plural form 'exes' is common in informal speech.
常見錯誤
ex — 介系詞
1. from a particular source or origin — used mostly in formal and legal language to
出自；從
從某來源或起點（法律用語）
from a particular source or origin — used mostly in formal and legal language to show where something comes from or is taken out of
The court ordered the documents to be produced ex parte by the plaintiff.
法院命令原告以單方程序（ex parte）提出文件。
legal phrase: ex parte
Goods imported ex ship must be collected from the port within forty-eight hours.
船上交貨（ex ship）的貨物必須在四十八小時內到港口領取。
commercial term: ex ship / ex warehouse
The price quoted is ex warehouse in Taipei, excluding delivery costs.
報價為台北倉庫交貨價（ex warehouse），不含運費。
Grains delivered ex vessel are the buyer's responsibility after unloading.
船上交貨（ex vessel）的穀物在卸貨後由買方負責。
- in
into / within, opposite of 'out of'
文法句型
ex + [source/origin noun]
用法筆記
This sense survives primarily in fixed phrases (ex parte, ex ship, ex warehouse, ex gratia). Not used as a productive preposition in modern English outside legal and commercial jargon.
2. used to mean 'coming from' a particular place or source, especially in set Latin
源自
從特定來源或假設出發
used to mean 'coming from' a particular place or source, especially in set Latin expressions and scholarly writing
The scholar argued that the entire argument flows ex hypothesi from that single premise.
這位學者主張，整個論證都基於那一個前提（ex hypothesi）展開。
Latin phrase: ex hypothesi
This passage is quoted ex fonte from the original Latin manuscript.
這段引文是直接從原始拉丁文手稿中摘錄（ex fonte）而來的。
Ex cathedra statements by the committee chair carried great authority.
委員會主席的權威性聲明（ex cathedra）具有很大的影響力。
Ex silentio, the absence of evidence does not confirm the opposite claim.
從沉默中推論（ex silentio）本身無法證實相反的主張。
- from
common English equivalent
文法句型
ex + [place/source]
用法筆記
Almost entirely restricted to fixed Latin borrowings in academic and formal writing (ex hypothesi, ex cathedra, ex fonte). Not freely combined with English nouns.
3. used in the Latin phrase 'ex nihilo' to describe something created from nothing,
無中生有
從虛無中創造（哲學神學用語）
used in the Latin phrase 'ex nihilo' to describe something created from nothing, without any pre-existing material
The theologian explained the doctrine of creation ex nihilo to the class.
神學家向全班解釋了「從無創造」（ex nihilo）的教義。
Latin phrase: ex nihilo (creation from nothing)
Scientists reject the idea that matter can appear ex nihilo in a vacuum.
科學家拒絕接受物質可以在真空中「從無」（ex nihilo）出現的說法。
The principle 'ex nihilo nihil fit' means nothing comes from nothing.
「無中不能生有」（ex nihilo nihil fit）這句格言的意思是萬物皆有來源。
Philosophers debate whether moral values can arise ex nihilo or must come from somewhere else.
哲學家們爭論道德價值能否憑空產生（ex nihilo），還是必須有所本。
文法句型
ex + [substance/material]
用法筆記
This sense occurs almost exclusively in the fixed Latin phrase 'ex nihilo' (out of nothing), used in theology, philosophy, and physics. The related proverb 'ex nihilo nihil fit' (nothing comes from nothing) is also common.
4. used to indicate that something is excluded, lacking, or free from a particular
不含；無
排除某項權益或費用的狀態
used to indicate that something is excluded, lacking, or free from a particular right, charge, or benefit
Shares trading ex dividend do not give the buyer the right to the next payment.
除息（ex dividend）交易的股票，買方無權獲得下一次股利。
finance term: ex dividend
The phone number is ex directory and will not appear in any phone book.
這個電話號碼是未刊登號碼（ex directory），電話簿上找不到。
ex-directory: not listed in public directory
After the record date the stock began trading ex rights on the exchange.
在除權基準日之後，這支股票開始在交易所進行除權（ex rights）交易。
The bond is trading ex coupon this week before the next interest payment date.
這檔債券本週進行除息交易（ex coupon），在下次付息日之前交易。
文法句型
ex + [right/value/item]
用法筆記
Most commonly found in financial contexts (ex dividend, ex rights, ex interest, ex coupon). The word 'ex' here functions as a preposition meaning 'without benefit of' or 'excluding.'
5. used before a specific title and the particular name of the person who held it,
前（頭銜）
用於頭銜加姓名前，表示曾任
used before a specific title and the particular name of the person who held it, forming a phrasal expression like 'ex-President Carter' — unlike the prefix sense (which attaches to the role noun alone, e.g. any ex-president), this structure explicitly names both the role and the specific individual
Ambassador Kwame Ansah, ex-Ambassador to Japan, now teaches at a university.
前日本大使 Kwame Ansah 現在在大學教書。
ex- + title + location: ex-Ambassador to Japan
The building was renamed, but the old sign still read 'ex-Governor's Mansion'.
那棟建築已經改名，但舊招牌上仍寫著「前州長官邸」。
ex- + official title: ex-Governor's
Dr. Takeshi Mori, ex-Dean of the medical school, received a lifetime award.
醫學院的前院長 Takeshi Mori 博士獲得了一項終身成就獎。
Ex-Mayor Hernandez attended the groundbreaking ceremony for the new library.
前市長 Hernandez 出席了新圖書館的破土典禮。
- former
more formal; preferred in journalism and official contexts with named individuals
文法句型
ex- + [title] + [name]
用法筆記
Differs from the prefix sense in that it forms a phrase with a title and a specific name (ex-President Obama), rather than functioning as a general modifier on a common noun (ex-president).
常見錯誤
6. This is not a separate preposition meaning. Using 'ex-' before nouns of roles, j
參見前綴
此義與前綴相同，請看 prefix/1
This is not a separate preposition meaning. Using 'ex-' before nouns of roles, jobs, or memberships (ex-cop, ex-teacher, ex-smoker) to mean 'former' is the same as the prefix sense — it is the prefix 'ex-' attaching to the noun, not the preposition. For full treatment, see prefix/1, 'FORMER STATUS'.
For 'former' in words like ex-cop, see the prefix entry (prefix/1).
想了解 ex-cop 等詞表「前」的意思，請看 prefix/1。
cross-reference to prefix/1
The 'ex' in ex-smoker is a prefix meaning 'former', not a preposition.
ex-smoker 中的 ex- 是表「之前」的前綴，不是介系詞。
Words like ex-soldier and ex-husband use the prefix ex-, not a preposition.
ex-soldier 和 ex-husband 等詞都是用前綴 ex- 構成的，不是介系詞。
Genuine preposition 'ex' (ex parte, ex gratia) means 'out of' or 'from', not 'former'.
真正的介系詞 ex（如 ex parte、ex gratia）意為「出自」或「從」，而非「前任」。
A payment made ex gratia is a favour, not a legal obligation.
ex gratia 款項是出於善意支付的，不是法律義務。
用法筆記
All 'former' uses of ex- (ex-cop, ex-teacher, ex-smoker, ex-colleague) are prefix uses, not preposition uses. This sense is listed as a cross-reference only to prevent confusion. The true preposition 'ex' (Latin 'out of, from') appears in senses 1–4 above.
ex — 縮寫
1. written abbreviation for 'example', used in textbooks, exercises, and references
範例；習題
example 的縮寫
written abbreviation for 'example', used in textbooks, exercises, and references to point to illustrative items
Complete the sentences below and check your answers on page 45, ex. 12.
完成下面的句子，然後在第 45 頁核對第 12 題（ex. 12）的答案。
ex. + number for exercise numbering
The teacher asked the class to turn to chapter three and look at ex. 7.
老師請全班翻到第三章，看第 7 題（ex. 7）。
For homework, please finish all the grammar questions from ex. 1 through 8.
回家作業請完成第 1 到第 8 題（ex. 1–8）的所有文法練習。
The workbook has a separate answer key at the back for all ex. items.
練習本的最後面有所有習題的獨立解答。
- e.g.
abbreviation for 'for example', used in general writing rather than numbered references
文法句型
ex. + [number]
e.g. = for example
用法筆記
Do not confuse 'ex.' with 'e.g.' (exempli gratia). 'Ex.' specifically refers to a numbered exercise or illustrative example in a book; 'e.g.' introduces a list of examples in general writing.
常見錯誤
2. written abbreviation for 'exchange', used in names of financial markets and busi
交易所
exchange 的縮寫（金融機構名）
written abbreviation for 'exchange', used in names of financial markets and business institutions
The stock was listed on the New York Stock Ex. in 2019.
這支股票於 2019 年在紐約證券交易所（Stock Ex.）上市。
Ex. = Exchange in company names
Commodity prices on the London Metal Ex. fell sharply this morning.
倫敦金屬交易所（Metal Ex.）的大宗商品價格今天早上大幅下跌。
The bill of ex. must be presented at the bank within thirty working days.
這張匯票（bill of ex.）必須在三十個工作天內送交銀行。
The rate shown is the mid-market Foreign Ex. rate as of noon today.
今天中午顯示的匯率是外匯（Foreign Ex.）的中間市場匯率。
- exchange
full form, always appropriate
文法句型
Ex. = Exchange (in names)
用法筆記
Most commonly appears in the names of stock and commodity exchanges (NYSE variant 'Stock Ex.', LME as 'Metal Ex.'). In banking documents 'bill of ex.' stands for 'bill of exchange.'
3. written abbreviation for 'executive', used in job titles and corporate role desc
執行；高階
executive 的縮寫（職稱用）
written abbreviation for 'executive', used in job titles and corporate role descriptions
Rohan serves as Ex. Vice-President of operations at the regional office.
Rohan 擔任區域營運執行副總裁（Ex. Vice-President）。
Ex. = Executive in job title
The Ex. Committee will review the budget proposal on Monday afternoon.
執行委員會（Ex. Committee）將於星期一下午審查預算案。
Ex. Committee = Executive Committee
Sade was promoted to Ex. Director of the non-profit organisation last spring.
Sade 去年春天升任那家非營利組織的執行長（Ex. Director）。
As Ex. Producer of the film, Tamar managed the entire production budget.
Tamar 擔任這部電影的執行製作人（Ex. Producer），負責整個製作預算。
- executive
the full form, clearer in most contexts
文法句型
Ex. Dir. = Executive Director
ex. = executive in job titles
用法筆記
Primarily appears in corporate letterheads, organisational charts, and formal titles to save space. In spoken English or running text, the full word 'executive' is preferred.
4. written abbreviation for 'express', referring to a fast train, bus, or delivery
快車；快捷
express 的縮寫（交通或郵遞）
written abbreviation for 'express', referring to a fast train, bus, or delivery service
The 8:15 Ex. train from London reaches Manchester in just over two hours.
早上八點十五分由倫敦出發的快車（Ex. train）兩個多小時就到曼徹斯特。
Ex. = Express train service
Please send this package by Ex. Mail so it arrives before Saturday.
請用快捷郵件（Ex. Mail）寄送這個包裹，這樣星期六之前能到。
The airline offers an Ex. check-in lane for passengers with no checked bags.
這家航空公司為沒有托運行李的旅客提供快速通關（Ex. check-in）通道。
Passengers on the 17:45 Ex. service should go to platform number seven.
搭乘 17：45 快車（Ex. service）的旅客請到第七月臺候車。
文法句型
Ex. = Express (in transport names)
用法筆記
Common on timetables, shipping labels, and service names. The full word 'express' is standard in ordinary speech and writing.
5. written abbreviation for 'extra', referring to an additional person, item, or fe
額外；臨時
extra 的縮寫（追加的人或物）
written abbreviation for 'extra', referring to an additional person, item, or feature beyond the standard number
The film studio hired fifty ex. actors for the crowd scene downtown.
電影公司為了市區的群眾場面雇用了五十名臨時演員（ex. actors）。
ex. = extra as background actors
Please add ex. blankets to room 214 for the guests with young children.
請為 214 號房的住客加幾條備用毛毯（ex. blankets），他們帶著小孩。
The hotel charges a small fee for ex. beds in the guest rooms.
這家飯店對客房內的加床（ex. beds）酌收費用。
The contract allows for ex. staff to be brought in during peak seasons.
合約允許在旺季期間增派臨時人員（ex. staff）。
- extra
the full form, appropriate in all contexts
- additional
more formal than 'extra'
- standard
the regular or default amount
文法句型
ex. = extra (in lists, schedules, roles)
用法筆記
Most common on invoices, inventory lists, and film production schedules. In everyday writing, 'extra' is preferred.
6. written abbreviation for the Book of Exodus, the second book of the Bible and of
出埃及記
聖經第二卷書的縮寫
written abbreviation for the Book of Exodus, the second book of the Bible and of the Torah
The Sunday sermon was based on a passage from Ex. chapter fourteen.
星期天的講道內容出自《出埃及記》（Ex.）第十四章。
Ex. = Book of Exodus
Students were asked to read Ex. 20: 1–17 for the theology seminar.
神學研討會的學生被要求閱讀《出埃及記》第二十章 1 至 17 節。
The Ten Commandments appear twice in the Bible, once in Ex. and once in Deuteronomy.
十誡在聖經中出現過兩次，一次在《出埃及記》（Ex.），一次在《申命記》。
The rabbi's lecture on Ex. 16 explored the story of manna in the wilderness.
拉比在《出埃及記》（Ex.）第十六章的講座中探討了嗎哪在曠野的故事。
- Exodus
the full book name, used in running text
文法句型
Ex. = Book of Exodus
用法筆記
Standard abbreviation in biblical citations, alongside other book abbreviations (Gen., Lev., Deut.). Always capitalised as 'Ex.'
7. abbreviation for 'exa-', a metric prefix meaning one quintillion (10¹⁸), most co
艾位元組
exa- 的縮寫，十億兆位元組
abbreviation for 'exa-', a metric prefix meaning one quintillion (10¹⁸), most commonly used in computing for data storage (exabyte)
The data centre now stores over two exabytes (2 EB) of customer information.
這個數據中心現在儲存超過 2 EB（exabytes）的客戶資料。
EB = exabyte notation
Global internet traffic is projected to reach several hundred exabytes per month.
全球網際網路流量預計每月將達到數百 EB（exabytes）。
A single exabit network can transfer data at extremely high speeds across continents.
一條單一 exabit 網路可以在各大洲之間以極高速度傳輸資料。
A single exaflop supercomputer can perform one quintillion calculations each second.
單一一臺 exaflop 超級電腦每秒可以進行一百京次運算。
文法句型
exa- + [unit of measurement]
用法筆記
The prefix 'exa-' (symbol E) is part of the International System of Units (SI). In computing, exabyte (EB) = 10¹⁸ bytes. The abbreviation 'ex.' for this sense is less standard than the symbol E or EB.
ex — 字首
1. attached to a role or title to indicate the person had it earlier but does not h
前；前任
加在頭銜前，表示不再擔任
attached to a role or title to indicate the person had it earlier but does not have it any longer
An ex-president sometimes continues to influence public debates.
前總統有時仍會影響公共政策的討論。
ex- + title: ex-president
Dario's father is an ex-soldier who now runs a small shop in town.
Dario 的父親是一名退役軍人，現在在鎮上經營一家小店。
ex- + role: ex-soldier
The ex-manager wrote a book about her years leading the company.
前經理寫了一本書，描述她帶領公司的那幾年。
Eshe met an ex-police officer at the community meeting last night.
Eshe 昨晚在社區會議上遇到一名前警察。
Several ex-players from the national team now work as coaches.
幾位國家隊的前國手現在擔任教練工作。
文法句型
ex- + [title/role/job]
用法筆記
A productive prefix that can attach to most job titles, roles, and official positions. General rule: hyphenate 'ex-' with the following word ('ex-teacher', 'ex-husband').
常見錯誤
ex — 構詞成分
1. a variant of the combining form 'exo-' (meaning 'outside' or 'external'), appear
外；外部
exo- 的變體，意為「外部的」
a variant of the combining form 'exo-' (meaning 'outside' or 'external'), appearing in technical and scientific vocabulary
The prefix ex- in words like 'exoskeleton' is a shortened form of exo-.
「exoskeleton」（外骨骼）一詞中的 ex- 是 exo- 的縮短形式。
ex- = exo- (outside) in scientific terms
In biology class, Quan studied how the ex- skeleton protects insects.
Quan 在生物課上學到昆蟲的外骨骼如何保護牠們的身體。
The exocrine glands release substances through ducts rather than directly into the blood.
外分泌腺（exocrine glands）透過導管而不是直接將物質釋入血液。
The exosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere and is very thin.
外氣層（exosphere）是地球大氣的最外層，非常稀薄。
用法筆記
This combining form appears in words such as 'exoskeleton', 'exocrine', and 'exosphere'. It is not a productive standalone prefix in everyday English. Refer to the entry for 'exo-' for full treatment.