to

1.縮寫

釋義

組織表

列出組織內職位與層級的圖表

written abbreviation for 'table of organization'; a document, chart, or list that shows the positions, roles, and reporting lines within a company, government agency, or military unit.

例句

The HR manager updated the TO after hiring five new engineers.

人資主管在聘用五名新工程師後更新了 TO。

TO as abbreviation for 'table of organization'

Arjun checked the TO to find out who supervised the logistics team.

Arjun 查閱 TO 以了解物流團隊的直屬主管是誰。

文法句型

TO as abbreviation for full term

用法筆記

Usually written in capital letters as TO. Common in internal business documents and military administration.

2.縮寫

釋義

傳統拼寫

語言的標準拼字系統

written abbreviation for 'traditional orthography'; the standard spelling system of a language that is used in most books, newspapers, and official documents, as opposed to phonetic or reformed spelling.

例句

Linguists use TO as a reference when studying historical spelling changes.

語言學家在研究歷史拼寫變化時，會以 TO 作為參考基準。

TO as abbreviation for 'traditional orthography'

The children's textbook follows TO for all its example sentences.

這本兒童課本的所有例句都採用 TO。

文法句型

TO as abbreviation for full term

用法筆記

Capitalized as TO. This term is used mainly in linguistics and language education to distinguish the established spelling from newer or phonetic writing systems.

3.縮寫

釋義

營業額

公司一定期間的總銷售金額

written abbreviation for 'turnover'; the total value of sales or services that a company or store produces over a specific period, such as a month, quarter, or year.

例句

The company's TO increased by twelve percent last quarter.

該公司上季的 TO 成長了百分之十二。

TO as abbreviation for 'turnover' (sales volume)

Rodrigo calculated the monthly TO for each product category.

Rodrigo 計算了每個產品類別的月度 TO。

文法句型

TO as abbreviation for full term

用法筆記

Capitalized as TO. Used in financial reports, accounting documents, and business summaries to save space.

1.介系詞A1

釋義

不定詞

放在動詞前面，連接前後兩個動作

placed directly before a verb in its simplest form to create the infinitive, which can follow another verb or act as the subject of a sentence

例句

Hannah wants to learn how to play the piano.

Hannah 想要學習彈鋼琴。

want + to-infinitive

Kaito found it useful to review his notes each evening before a big test.

Kaito 發現每次大考前複習筆記很有用。

It is + adjective + to-infinitive

文法句型

to + base verb

用法筆記

This is the most basic use of 'to' — it always comes before a verb in its base form, never before -ing or -ed forms.

常見錯誤

❌I want go home.

✅I want to go home.

💡After verbs like 'want', 'need', and 'try', you must use 'to' before the next verb.

❌He asked me to helped him.

✅He asked me to help him.

💡The verb after 'to' must stay in its base form, not past tense.

2.介系詞A2

釋義

預定動作

表示尚未發生的動作

placed after verbs like hope, expect, plan, or promise to show that the act expressed by the infinitive is still ahead at the time of speaking

例句

Christopher hopes to visit Japan with his family next summer.

Christopher 希望明年夏天跟家人去日本玩。

hope + to-infinitive for future plan

Maeve plans to start her own cooking class next month.

Maeve 計劃下個月開自己的烹飪課。

文法句型

verb (hope/expect/plan/promise) + to + base verb

用法筆記

The verbs that take this pattern all point toward something that is still in the future from the speaker's perspective at the time of speaking.

常見錯誤

❌I hope see you tomorrow.

✅I hope to see you tomorrow.

💡'Hope' needs 'to' before the next verb when the action is in the future.

3.介系詞A1

釋義

想；要

用於意願、需要類動詞後

placed after verbs like want, need, would like, and agree to express what a person desires, requires, or has decided to do

例句

Aylin wants to eat at the new Indian restaurant tonight.

Aylin 今晚想去那家新的印度餐廳吃飯。

want + to-infinitive

Joaquín needs to buy some food for tonight's dinner.

Joaquín 需要買一些食物做今晚的晚餐。

need + to-infinitive

文法句型

verb (want/need/agree/would like) + to + base verb

用法筆記

Unlike some other verbs (e.g. 'enjoy', 'finish'), which are followed by -ing, these verbs specifically require 'to' + base verb.

常見錯誤

❌I need buying some water.

✅I need to buy some water.

💡'Need' is followed by 'to' + base verb, not by an -ing form.

❌She would likes to go.

✅She would like to go.

💡After 'would like', the main verb stays in base form.

4.介系詞B1

釋義

省略用法

代替前面已出現的動詞片語

used after a verb in place of a full infinitive phrase that has already been mentioned, so that the speaker does not have to repeat the entire verb phrase

例句

Jenna wanted to call her mother, but she forgot to.

Jenna 想打電話給媽媽，但忘了打。

forgot to (standing in for 'call her mother')

All students may leave early if they really want to.

如果學生真的想離開，可以提早走。

文法句型

verb + to (standing in for full infinitive clause)

用法筆記

In this pattern 'to' carries the meaning of the whole earlier infinitive phrase. Common with 'want to', 'forget to', 'try to', 'tell someone to', 'ask someone to'.

常見錯誤

❌You can go if you want.' (when the full meaning is 'go')

✅You can go if you want to.

💡The 'to' is needed at the end to show you are referring back to the action 'go', especially in careful speech and writing.

5.介系詞B1

釋義

命令；請求

用於轉述命令或請求

used after verbs like tell, ask, or advise when reporting an instruction, request, or suggestion that one person made to another

例句

The officer told the soldiers to stand in a straight line.

軍官叫士兵們站成一排。

tell + object + to-infinitive for orders

The doctor advised my father to rest for two full days.

醫生建議我爸爸好好休息兩天。

文法句型

verb (tell/ask/advise) + object + to + base verb

用法筆記

Only works with reporting verbs that involve a directive. Verbs like 'say' or 'mention' cannot use this pattern — you cannot say 'He said me to go'.

常見錯誤

❌She said me to wait.

✅She told me to wait.

💡After 'say', you cannot use object + to-infinitive; use 'tell', 'ask', or 'advise' instead.

❌He told to her leave.

✅He told her to leave.

💡The object (her) must come between 'tell' and 'to'.

6.介系詞A2

釋義

形容詞搭配

用於形容詞後連接動詞

placed after an adjective to link it with a following verb, forming common patterns such as 'happy to help' or 'easy to use'

例句

It is important to drink enough water every single day.

每天喝足夠的水很重要。

It is + adjective + to-infinitive

The box is too heavy to carry up the stairs alone.

這個箱子太重了，一個人搬不上樓。

too + adjective + to-infinitive

文法句型

adjective + to + base verb

用法筆記

Common with adjectives describing feelings (happy, sad, surprised, ready) and qualities (easy, hard, important, difficult). The adjective tells you how someone feels about the action, or how easy/difficult the action is.

常見錯誤

❌I am happy help you.

✅I am happy to help you.

💡After an adjective like 'happy', 'ready', or 'surprised', you need 'to' before the next verb.

❌It is too heavy carry.

✅It is too heavy to carry.

💡The 'too + adjective' pattern always requires 'to' before the following verb.

7.介系詞B1

釋義

的；用以

接於名詞之後引導不定詞

used after certain nouns such as 'ability', 'desire', 'need', 'chance', 'opportunity', or 'attempt' to connect them to an infinitive that describes a related action.

例句

Élise has the ability to solve difficult maths problems very quickly.

Élise 有快速解決困難數學問題的能力。

noun (ability) + to-infinitive

The team made a final attempt to reach the camp before nightfall.

團隊在天黑前做了一次最後的嘗試，想抵達營地。

文法句型

noun + to-infinitive

用法筆記

Common nouns used in this pattern include ability, attempt, chance, desire, need, opportunity, right, way, and wish.

常見錯誤

❌I have the ability of solving problems quickly.

✅I have the ability to solve problems quickly.

💡after nouns like ability and desire, use to + infinitive, not of + -ing.

8.介系詞B2

釋義

做主詞

不定詞子句作為句子主詞

placed at the start of a sentence before a base verb to present an action as a general idea or fact, without saying which person does it.

例句

To learn a new language requires a lot of time and patience.

學一門新語言需要很多時間和耐心。

to-infinitive as sentence subject

To save enough money for a house was their main goal for years.

存夠買房子的錢是他們多年來的主要目標。

文法句型

to-infinitive + verb...

用法筆記

This structure is more common in formal writing than in everyday conversation. In casual speech, speakers often use 'it' as a placeholder subject instead — e.g. 'It takes a lot of time to learn a new language.'

常見錯誤

❌To learning a language takes time.

✅To learn a language takes time.

💡when 'to' marks the infinitive, always use the base form of the verb, not the -ing form.

9.介系詞B1

釋義

疑問詞後

用於疑問詞後與不定詞連用

placed after the words 'what', 'where', 'how', 'who', and 'when' to link them to an infinitive that talks about an action that is uncertain, not yet decided, or commonly understood.

例句

Sahil does not know where to find the nearest bus station.

Sahil 不知道去哪裡找最近的公車站。

where + to-infinitive

Can you show me how to use this new coffee machine?

你可以教我怎麼用這台新的咖啡機嗎？

文法句型

question word + to-infinitive

用法筆記

The most common question words used in this pattern are what, where, how, when, and who. This structure is especially common after verbs like know, ask, tell, show, decide, explain, and wonder.

常見錯誤

❌I don't know how to doing it.

✅I don't know how to do it.

💡after a question word followed by 'to', always use the base form of the verb, not the -ing form.

❌Please tell me where should I to go.

✅Please tell me where to go.

💡do not add 'should' or invert the subject; the question word + to-infinitive already expresses the question.

10.介系詞A2

釋義

為了；去

表達目的或用處

joins with a following verb in its base form to show the reason behind an action, or the intended function of a particular object.

例句

Heloísa went to the market early to buy fresh vegetables for dinner.

Heloísa 為了買新鮮蔬菜做晚餐，一早就去了市場。

to-infinitive expressing purpose

Christopher borrowed a dictionary to check the spelling of that word.

Christopher 借了一本字典來查那個字的拼法。

同義詞

in order to
more formal; used when the writer wants to emphasise the purpose clearly

文法句型

[verb] + to-infinitive (purpose)

用法筆記

When the subject is a person doing an action, use the pattern '[subject] + [verb] + to-infinitive'. For describing what an object is used for, use '[subject] + use + [noun] + to-infinitive'. In more formal English, 'in order to' can replace 'to' for emphasis.

常見錯誤

❌I went to the store for buy milk.

✅I went to the store to buy milk.

💡to express purpose, use to + infinitive, not for + verb.

❌She studied hard for to pass the exam.

✅She studied hard to pass the exam.

💡do not use 'for' before 'to' when expressing purpose.

11.介系詞B2

釋義

句首用法

用不定詞片語引導主要子句表達態度

used at the start of a sentence to form a fixed phrase that shows the speaker's opinion or attitude toward what they are about to say — for example, 'to be honest', 'to sum up', or 'to put it simply'.

例句

To be honest, Bao was not very happy with the result of the exam.

老實說，Bao 對考試的結果不是很滿意。

to be honest — signalling honesty

To put it simply, the company needs to reduce its spending this year.

簡單來說，公司今年需要減少開支。

同義詞

in order to
not interchangeable — 'in order to' expresses purpose, not speaker attitude

文法句型

to-infinitive phrase, [main clause]

用法筆記

These introductory phrases are fixed expressions. Common ones include to be honest, to be fair, to tell the truth, to sum up, to begin with, to put it simply, and to give an example. They are followed by a comma and then the main clause.

常見錯誤

❌To be honestly, I do not agree.

✅To be honest, I do not agree.

💡fixed phrases like 'to be honest' use the adjective, not the adverb.

❌To sum up the meeting.' (as a complete sentence)

✅To sum up, the meeting was productive.

💡these phrases cannot stand alone; they must introduce a main clause.

12.介系詞B1

釋義

可；有待

there is/are 後加不定詞

appears after the patterns 'there is' and 'there are' plus a noun, linking that noun to a verb in its base form to indicate that something exists and can be done, used, or experienced.

例句

There is a lot of work to do before the holiday begins next week.

假期下週開始前，有很多工作要做。

there is + noun + to-infinitive

There are several letters to sign on your desk this morning.

今天早上你的辦公桌上有幾封信要簽。

文法句型

there is/are + noun + to-infinitive

用法筆記

This pattern is very common with indefinite pronouns like nothing, something, anything, everything, and with nouns preceded by quantifiers such as a lot of, plenty of, several, enough.

常見錯誤

❌There is nothing to afraid of.

✅There is nothing to be afraid of.

💡after 'there is + noun + to', use the base form of the verb. If the verb is a linking verb like 'be', include the full infinitive 'to be'.

❌There are no chairs to sit.

✅There are no chairs to sit on.

💡keep the preposition (on, at, with) when the verb requires one to be grammatically complete.

13.介系詞B2

釋義

暫時夠用

暫時足夠繼續

used to say that something is enough for the present moment, letting you continue with what you are currently doing

例句

Here is a small snack to be going on with until dinner is ready.

晚餐準備好之前，這裡有些小點心暫時讓你墊墊肚子。

fixed phrase: to be going on with

This fifty dollars should be enough to be going on with for today.

這五十元應該足夠今天先應付著用了。

文法句型

to be going on with + noun phrase

用法筆記

Only used in the fixed phrase 'to be going on with' (or 'to go on with'). More common in British English than American English.

14.介系詞A2

釋義

往；向；到

表示移動方向

showing movement or travel towards a place, person, or thing

例句

Karim walked to the library after school every Tuesday.

Karim 每週二放學後走路去圖書館。

to + destination: to the library

The children ran to the playground as soon as the bell rang.

鈴聲一響，孩子們就跑到操場去了。

同義詞

towards
slightly more formal; emphasises direction rather than arrival

反義詞

from
shows starting point rather than destination

文法句型

to + destination noun phrase

常見錯誤

❌I went the station by taxi.

✅I went to the station by taxi.

💡direction requires 'to' before the destination.

15.介系詞A2

釋義

給；對

表示接收者或受影響者

introduces the person or group that receives something in a sentence — used with verbs of giving, sending, telling, or showing where "to" is the only way to mark the recipient

例句

Dario handed the letter to his father without saying a word.

Dario 一句話也沒說，就把信交給了他父親。

recipient pattern: handed + noun + to + person

Yumi sent a birthday card to her cousin in Tokyo.

Yumi 寄了一張生日卡片給她在東京的表妹。

同義詞

for
implies the recipient is the intended beneficiary, not necessarily the actual receiver

反義詞

from
shows the origin or giver rather than the receiver

文法句型

verb + noun + to + person

用法筆記

Often used with verbs of giving, sending, telling, and showing. Some verbs (like 'explain' and 'describe') must use 'to' and cannot take an indirect object without it.

常見錯誤

❌Can you explain me the answer?

✅Can you explain the answer to me?

💡'explain' always needs 'to' before the recipient.

❌I described her the scene.

✅I described the scene to her.

💡'describe' cannot take a direct indirect object.

16.介系詞B1

釋義

交給

引出間接受詞

used before the recipient of an action when the same meaning can also be expressed without "to" by putting the recipient before the direct object — for example, "write a letter to someone" can be rephrased as "write someone a letter".

例句

Renata wrote a long email to her manager about the project.

Renata 就這個專案寫了一封很長的電子郵件給她的主管。

verb + direct object + to + indirect object

Could you pass this message to Diya when you see her?

可以請你把這個訊息傳給 Diya 嗎？

文法句型

verb + direct object + to + indirect object

用法筆記

Common with verbs like give, send, pass, teach, write, show, tell, sell, lend, and throw. The direct object always comes before 'to' here: verb + what + to + who.

常見錯誤

❌I gave to her the book.

✅I gave the book to her.

💡the direct object must come between the verb and 'to'.

❌She told to me a secret.

✅She told a secret to me.

💡same word-order rule.

17.介系詞B1

釋義

直到；達到

表示時間、數量或狀態的終點

as far as a given moment, quantity, or condition, marking the point where something finishes or stops

例句

The library stays open from nine in the morning to five in the evening.

圖書館的開放時間是早上九點到下午五點。

from...to... range pattern

Maeve worked from morning to night to finish the painting.

Maeve 從早畫到晚，才終於完成了那幅畫。

同義詞

until
used only for time, not amounts or levels
up to
more emphatic about the maximum limit

反義詞

from
marks the starting point of a range

文法句型

from + starting point + to + end point

to + number/amount

用法筆記

Often appears in the structure 'from X to Y' to mark a complete range. With 'up to', it emphasises the maximum limit.

常見錯誤

❌I worked to midnight the project.

✅I worked on the project until midnight.

💡'to' does not connect an action to its purpose; use 'until' for time and 'to' for limits.

18.介系詞A2

釋義

差；不到

表示時間上離整點還差幾分

used when telling the time to indicate a number of minutes before a full hour

例句

The station clock showed ten minutes to seven as Ana hurried to catch her train.

車站的時鐘顯示七點差十分，Ana 急忙趕著去搭火車。

telling time: minutes + to + hour

The train is scheduled to leave at a quarter to nine.

這班火車預計在九點差一刻出發。

同義詞

before
common in American English for telling time
until
used in some American English time expressions

反義詞

past
shows minutes after the hour

文法句型

minutes + to + hour

用法筆記

In American English, 'before' or 'until' is more common for telling time (e.g. 'ten before seven'). 'Past' is the opposite — used for minutes after the hour.

常見錯誤

❌The meeting is at ten to twelve' (meaning 12:10).

✅The meeting is at ten to twelve' meaning 11:50.

💡learners sometimes confuse 'to' with 'past'.

19.介系詞B2

釋義

到（極致）

表示達到極端或強烈狀態

placed in fixed phrases before a noun to signal that something has reached a very strong or extreme level — for example, being moved 'to tears', torn 'to pieces', or burned 'to the ground'

例句

The sad story moved the whole class to tears.

那個悲傷的故事讓全班同學哭到淚流滿面。

collocation: moved to tears

The old curtains were torn to shreds by the cat.

舊窗簾被貓撕成了碎片。

collocation: torn to shreds

文法句型

verb + to + extreme noun

用法筆記

The verb before 'to' always describes the action that causes the extreme result. Passive forms (was torn, was moved) are especially common with this sense.

常見錯誤

❌The sad story was moving to tears' (using active adjective form).

✅The sad story moved her to tears.

💡Use a verb (moved, bored, torn), not the '-ing' adjective form, before 'to + extreme noun'.

20.介系詞B1

釋義

的；對於

表示兩者之間的關聯或對應

showing a link or connection between two things, such as a question and its answer, a key and a lock, or a person and their attitude towards something

例句

Do you know the answer to question number seven?

你知道第七題的答案嗎？

collocation: answer to

I have lost the key to the front door of my flat.

我把我家前門的鑰匙弄丟了。

collocation: key to

同義詞

for
Used with some similar nouns like 'a cure for', 'a reason for', but not interchangeable with 'to' for words like 'answer' or 'key'
of
Used with nouns expressing belonging or composition (the door of the house), but not for answer/key/solution relationships

文法句型

noun + to + noun

用法筆記

Not every noun that expresses a relationship uses 'to'; some take 'of' (the colour of the car, the cover of the book). Learn common pairings like 'the answer to', 'the key to', 'the attitude to'.

常見錯誤

❌I don't know the answer of this question.

✅I don't know the answer to this question.

💡'Answer' is paired with 'to', not 'of', when showing the relationship between a question and its response.

❌What is the key of success?

✅What is the key to success?

💡Use 'key to' when describing what controls or explains something.

21.介系詞B1

釋義

到；在

表示某物被固定或連接的位置

used to indicate the place or object that something is physically joined, tied, or attached to

例句

The prisoner was chained to the wall of his cell.

那名囚犯被鎖鏈拴在牢房的牆上。

passive: chained to

A small label was attached to each piece of luggage.

每件行李上都貼了一張小標籤。

passive: attached to

同義詞

onto
Emphasises movement towards a surface; 'glue it onto the card' versus 'glue it to the card'

文法句型

verb + noun + to + noun

用法筆記

This sense almost always follows a verb of attaching (tie, chain, attach, fix, stick, pin, glue). The object being attached usually comes before 'to'.

常見錯誤

❌She tied the tree to the horse.

✅She tied the horse to the tree.

💡The thing that moves or is free comes before 'to'; the fixed point comes after.

22.介系詞B2

釋義

將；預定

表示按計劃將要發生的事

used in the pattern 'be + to + verb' to talk about a future event that has been officially arranged or scheduled

例句

The President is to visit Japan next month.

總統將於下個月訪問日本。

pattern: be + to + infinitive for planned events

The new hospital is to open in March next year.

那家新醫院預定明年三月開幕。

同義詞

going to
Less formal and more common in everyday speech; 'be to' sounds more official
will
Simple future, neutral in tone; 'be to' carries a sense of arrangement or obligation

文法句型

be + to + infinitive

用法筆記

This pattern is more formal than 'going to' or 'will'. It is commonly used in news reports and official announcements. The subject is usually a person, organisation, or thing that has some official status.

常見錯誤

❌She is to going to start her new job next week.

✅She is to start her new job next week.

💡Do not add '-ing' or 'going' after 'be to'; use the bare infinitive.

23.介系詞B2

釋義

必須；不准

表示命令或規定該做或不該做

used after "be" and before a base verb to express a firm instruction or prohibition — commonly found in official rules, workplace orders, and formal notices

例句

Students are not to leave the school grounds during class.

學生在上課期間不准離開校園。

negative pattern: are not to

You are to report to the manager's office at eight.

你必須在八點到經理辦公室報到。

positive command: are to

同義詞

must
Direct and emphatic; 'You are to report' and 'You must report' are similar but 'must' is more common in spoken English
have to
Expresses external obligation; less formal than 'be to'

文法句型

be + (not) + to + infinitive

用法筆記

The negative form 'are not to' is very common and carries the meaning of a strong prohibition. This pattern can sound strict or formal; everyday English often uses 'must not' or 'should not' instead.

常見錯誤

❌You are not to going to tell anyone.

✅You are not to tell anyone.

💡After 'be + to', use the bare infinitive (tell), not 'going to'.

24.介系詞C1

釋義

標題將

報紙標題中表示將發生之事

used in news headlines directly before an infinitive (without a form of 'be') to report an event that is planned or expected to take place

例句

Prime Minister to resign after major corruption scandal.

總理因重大貪腐醜聞將辭職。

headline: to + infinitive without 'be'

New stadium to be built in city centre by 2027.

新球場將於2027年前在市中心興建。

文法句型

to + infinitive (headline style)

用法筆記

This structure is unique to headlines and titles. In a normal sentence you would write 'The Prime Minister is to resign' or 'The Prime Minister will resign'. British newspapers use this pattern more frequently than American ones.

常見錯誤

❌Using this pattern in the middle of a news article instead of only in the headline.

✅Reserve 'to + infinitive' for the title; use 'is to' or 'will' in the article body.

25.介系詞B1

釋義

令；使

引出由事件引發的情緒

placed before a possessive pronoun or name followed by an abstract emotion noun — such as 'surprise', 'relief', or 'delight' — to name the specific feeling that an event, action, or piece of news creates in a person. For example, a sudden announcement may happen 'to everyone's surprise', or good news may arrive 'to her great relief'.

例句

To Élise's surprise, the old house still had running water and electricity.

令 Élise 驚訝的是，那棟老房子竟然還有自來水和電。

to + possessive + emotion noun (surprise)

Much to Sivan's relief, the test results arrived before the holiday.

令 Sivan 大為寬心的是，考試結果在假期前就到了。

to + possessive + emotion noun (relief)

文法句型

to + possessive pronoun/name + emotion noun

用法筆記

This pattern uses a possessive pronoun or name before the emotion word: to my surprise, to her relief, to the crowd's delight. The noun after 'to' must always be possessive. 'Much to…' adds emphasis.

常見錯誤

❌To surprise everyone, the team won.

✅To everyone's surprise, the team won.

💡The noun after 'to' must be possessive, not a bare noun.

26.介系詞B1

釋義

對…來說

依某人的看法判斷

according to a particular person's or group's way of thinking, judging, or understanding something

例句

To Mark, the most important thing was finding a warm, safe place to sleep.

對 Mark 來說，最重要的是找個溫暖安全的地方睡覺。

to + person, + clause showing their opinion

The government plan seemed reasonable to everyone except the local farmers.

政府的計劃除了當地農民之外，所有人都覺得合理。

同義詞

in someone's view
slightly more formal; often used in writing

文法句型

to + person/group, + clause

用法筆記

Typically placed at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma, contrasting one viewpoint with another or stating a personal judgment.

27.介系詞B2

釋義

任職於

為某人工作或提供服務

used to indicate the person or group that someone works for, reports to, or provides professional help to

例句

Dr. Okafor worked as the main medical advisor to the village health council.

Okafor 醫生擔任村莊健康委員會的主要醫療顧問。

noun (advisor) + to + noun (council)

The young woman became a personal assistant to the director of the museum.

那位年輕女子成了博物館館長的私人助理。

同義詞

for
less specific about the hierarchical relationship; 'to' implies a direct reporting or service line

文法句型

noun (role) + to + noun (person/group)

用法筆記

Common after job-role nouns such as assistant, adviser, secretary, interpreter, consultant. The person following 'to' holds authority or is the recipient of the service.

常見錯誤

❌She is assistant of the manager.

✅She is assistant to the manager.

💡Use 'to' not 'of' after role nouns when indicating who someone works for.

28.介系詞B1

釋義

緊貼；靠

與另一表面接觸或極靠近

in a position where one surface or body part is pressed against another or is placed very close to it

例句

The grey cat curled up with its nose pressed to the cold window.

那隻灰貓蜷縮著，鼻子貼在冰冷的窗戶上。

press + body part + to + surface

Jiwoo held the old photograph to her chest and closed her eyes.

Jiwoo 把老照片抱在胸前，閉上了眼睛。

hold + object + to + body part

同義詞

against
emphasises pressure or support; 'to' is more neutral about contact

文法句型

verb + body part/object + to + surface/object

用法筆記

Often used with verbs of physical placement or pressure: press, hold, lean, put, place. The object after 'to' is typically a hard surface or another body part.

29.介系詞B1

釋義

所屬；搭配

與某物相關聯或成對

used to show that a physical or functional part belongs with a specific object — such as a key to a lock, a lid to a box, or a password to an account

例句

Trang found the missing key to the old wooden chest in the attic.

Trang 在閣樓找到了老木箱的遺失鑰匙。

key + to + noun (the thing it opens)

Tara searched everywhere for the lid to the blue plastic storage box.

Tara 到處尋找那個藍色塑膠收納箱的蓋子。

同義詞

of
can replace 'to' in some cases but sounds less natural for matched items; 'the key of the door' is possible but 'the key to the door' is more idiomatic

文法句型

noun (part/piece) + to + noun (whole/set)

用法筆記

Common with nouns for matched items: key/lid/cap/cover/password/answer/solution/manual. The 'to' links an accessory or component to its parent object.

常見錯誤

❌I need the key of the door.

✅I need the key to the door.

💡Use 'to' not 'of' when connecting a part or accessory to its matching whole.

30.介系詞B2

釋義

帶有；有著

以某特徵來描述事物

used when describing a thing, place, or person by pointing out a noticeable quality or feature that it has

例句

There is a strange smell to the water that no one can identify.

那些水有股怪味，沒有人說得出來是什麼。

there is + quality + to + noun

There is a certain charm to the old town that attracts many tourists.

那座老城鎮有種獨特的魅力，吸引許多觀光客。

同義詞

about
'about' can replace 'to' in this pattern ('something strange about the water') but is less specific about the quality being a feature inherent to the thing

文法句型

there is + noun phrase + to + noun/pronoun

用法筆記

Often appears in the patterns 'there is/isn't something to + noun' or 'have + quality + to + it/them'. The quality named is usually sensory or evaluative: smell, look, feel, charm, beauty.

31.介系詞A2

釋義

相對於

表示一物相對於另一物的位置

showing where something or someone is located, by comparing its position with the position of another thing — for example, standing to the left of a door, or a city lying to the north of another city.

例句

The library is to the left of the main entrance.

圖書館位於正門的左邊。

to the left / to the right — position relative to a landmark

Adisa sat to my right during the long ceremony.

Adisa 在漫長的典禮中坐在我的右邊。

同義詞

on
more direct contact (e.g., 'on my left' is also possible in informal use but implies closer/adjacent contact)
beside
focuses on being next to, not a directional relation ('beside the entrance' means adjacent, not necessarily to one side)

文法句型

to + [direction/location noun]

用法筆記

Often pairs with spatial nouns such as left, right, north, south, east, west, front, rear, and side. The pattern is: be + to + the + [spatial noun] + of + [reference point].

常見錯誤

❌Adisa sat right my side.

✅Adisa sat to my right.

💡English requires 'to' before the spatial noun when describing relative position.

❌The library is at the left of the door.

✅The library is to the left of the door.

💡Use 'to' for relative position, not 'at'.

32.介系詞B1

釋義

致敬

表示對某人的敬意或紀念

showing that something is done or created as a way of showing respect for someone or remembering them — for example, building a monument to fallen soldiers, or raising a glass to a bride and groom.

例句

The town built a monument to the soldiers lost in the war.

小鎮為陣亡士兵建了一座紀念碑。

build a monument + to + [person/group] — dedicating a structure

Élise raised her glass in a toast to the happy couple.

Élise 舉杯向這對新人致敬。

toast + to + [person/couple] — drinking in honour

同義詞

for
broader purpose (e.g., 'a monument for the town square' — location, not dedication)
in honour of
a multi-word equivalent; more formal and explicit about the respectful intent

文法句型

dedicate / build / raise + noun + to + [person/group]

toast + to + [person/couple]

用法筆記

Common in ceremonial or commemorative contexts. Many fixed phrases use this pattern: 'a toast to…', 'dedicated to…', 'a tribute to…', 'in honour of…' (which is a near-synonym).

常見錯誤

❌They built a monument for the soldiers.

✅They built a monument to the soldiers.

💡When dedicating a physical structure as a sign of respect, use 'to' rather than 'for'.

33.介系詞A2

釋義

每

表示每單位對應的數量或比率

used for showing a fixed amount or rate that corresponds to each unit of something — for example, how many miles a car can travel using one gallon of fuel, or how much local currency you get for one US dollar.

例句

This car travels about forty miles to the gallon on the highway.

這輛車在高速公路上每加侖可行駛約四十英里。

miles to the gallon — rate of fuel efficiency

The exchange rate was thirty-two baht to one US dollar.

當時的匯率是三十二泰銖兌一美元。

currency + to + currency — exchange rate

同義詞

per
more formal and widely used in both British and American English (e.g., '40 miles per gallon')
a
informal alternative (e.g., '40 miles a gallon')

文法句型

[quantity/measurement] + to + [unit]

用法筆記

Primarily British English for expressing rates (American English often uses 'per' or 'a' instead). Common in measurements of fuel efficiency, currency exchange, and proportional distribution.

常見錯誤

❌The car travels 40 miles per the gallon.

✅The car travels 40 miles to the gallon.

💡When using 'to' in this rate sense, do not add 'per' as well.

❌There are three apples for each kilogram.

✅There are three apples to each kilogram.

💡'for each' is grammatically possible but changes the nuance; 'to' emphasises the rate equivalence.

34.介系詞A1

釋義

到；至

表示兩個端點之間的範圍

used between two numbers, times, or amounts to show the full span between the first and the second — for example, working from nine to five, or reading pages ten to twenty.

例句

The shop is open from nine to five on weekdays.

這家店平日上午九點到下午五點營業。

from [time] to [time] — time range

Erik counted slowly from one to twenty in Spanish.

Erik 用西班牙語從一慢慢數到二十。

同義詞

until
emphasises the continuation up to the endpoint (e.g., 'from nine until five')
through
American English; includes the endpoint (e.g., 'Monday through Friday')

文法句型

from + [start] + to + [end]

用法筆記

Almost always pairs with 'from' in the pattern 'from X to Y'. The range can include times, prices, quantities, distances, pages, and many other countable scales.

常見錯誤

❌I work from nine until five.

✅I work from nine to five.

💡'until' emphasises continuation up to a point; 'to' in this sense simply marks the endpoint in a range. Both are used, but 'from…to…' is the standard range pattern.

❌The store is opened from nine at five.

✅The store is open from nine to five.

💡Use 'to', not 'at', to connect the start and end of a range.

35.介系詞B1

釋義

隨著

伴隨音樂或聲音同步進行

done while following the rhythm or mood of a song, tune, or regular beat — for instance, moving your body when a cheerful song plays, or clapping your hands together with each drumbeat.

例句

The children danced to the cheerful song in the classroom.

孩子們在教室裡隨著歡快的歌曲跳舞。

dance to [music] — matching movement with rhythm

Adisa was humming to the tune playing on the radio.

Adisa 跟著收音機播放的旋律哼唱。

同義詞

along with
emphasises doing the same activity as the music (e.g., 'sing along with the song')
in time with
specifically matching the tempo/rhythm (e.g., 'clap in time with the beat')

文法句型

[verb of movement/performance] + to + [music/song/beat]

用法筆記

Commonly used with verbs of movement (dance, sway, tap, clap) or vocal performance (sing, hum). The noun after 'to' is typically a type of music, song, tune, beat, or rhythm.

常見錯誤

❌The children danced with the music.

✅The children danced to the music.

💡'dance to music' is the fixed collocation; 'with the music' can imply accompanying the music rather than following its rhythm.

36.介系詞B1

釋義

成效；有利

強調行為帶來的好處或正面效果

used to link an action or event to its beneficial outcome or productive result — for instance, making changes 'to good effect', resolving a dispute 'to everyone's benefit', or implementing a policy 'to the advantage of the community'. Unlike sense 25, this sense does not name an emotion; it names a practical or social result.

例句

The manager reorganised the team to good effect, and productivity rose.

經理重組團隊後成效顯著，生產力提升了。

to good effect — outcome-oriented result

The new bus route was designed to the benefit of residents in the outer suburbs.

新公車路線的設計是為了讓郊區居民受益。

to the benefit of + noun — practical result

同義詞

for the benefit of
more explicit about who gains; 'to the benefit of' and 'for the benefit of' are often interchangeable

文法句型

to + [positive effect/benefit/advantage noun]

用法筆記

Common in formal writing about policies, reforms, business decisions, and agreements. Unlike sense 25 (CAUSING FEELING), this sense does not name an emotion — it names a practical outcome or benefit such as 'effect', 'benefit', 'advantage', or 'satisfaction'.

常見錯誤

❌The decision was made to the effect of everyone.

✅The decision was made to everyone's benefit.

💡Use 'benefit' or 'advantage', not 'effect', after 'to the… of' when describing who gains from the outcome.

37.介系詞B1

釋義

比較

用於引出比較的第二項

marks the second item in a comparison, for instance after verbs like 'compare' or 'prefer'

例句

Compared to last year, the company's profits have grown by fifteen percent.

跟去年相比，公司的利潤成長了百分之十五。

compare A to B — introduces the basis of comparison

Rohan prefers cycling to driving during the morning rush hour.

Rohan 在早上通勤尖峰時間寧可騎腳踏車也不要開車。

prefer A to B — comparing two alternatives

同義詞

versus
used mainly in sports, law, or formal contrasts; less common in everyday comparison
against
emphasises opposition or contrast rather than neutral comparison

文法句型

compare A to B

prefer A to B

be similar to something

be nothing compared to

用法筆記

Frequently used in the fixed expressions 'compared to', 'prefer A to B', and 'nothing compared to'. Takes a noun phrase or gerund as its object.

常見錯誤

❌I prefer tea than coffee.

✅I prefer tea to coffee.

💡after 'prefer', use 'to' (not 'than') to introduce the second item.

❌Compare with last month, sales are up.

✅Compared to last month, sales are up.

💡use the -ed form 'compared' (not the bare verb 'compare') when introducing a comparison.

to

to — 縮寫

1. written abbreviation for 'table of organization'; a document, chart, or list tha

文法句型

用法筆記

2. written abbreviation for 'traditional orthography'; the standard spelling system

文法句型

用法筆記

3. written abbreviation for 'turnover'; the total value of sales or services that a

文法句型

用法筆記

to — 副詞

1. used with verbs like pull, push, or swing to show that a door, window, or lid mo

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

to — 介系詞

1. placed directly before a verb in its simplest form to create the infinitive, whi

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

2. placed after verbs like hope, expect, plan, or promise to show that the act expr

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

3. placed after verbs like want, need, would like, and agree to express what a pers

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

4. used after a verb in place of a full infinitive phrase that has already been men

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

5. used after verbs like tell, ask, or advise when reporting an instruction, reques

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

6. placed after an adjective to link it with a following verb, forming common patte

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

7. used after certain nouns such as 'ability', 'desire', 'need', 'chance', 'opportu

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

8. placed at the start of a sentence before a base verb to present an action as a g

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

9. placed after the words 'what', 'where', 'how', 'who', and 'when' to link them to

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

10. joins with a following verb in its base form to show the reason behind an action

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

11. used at the start of a sentence to form a fixed phrase that shows the speaker's

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

12. appears after the patterns 'there is' and 'there are' plus a noun, linking that

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

13. used to say that something is enough for the present moment, letting you continu

文法句型

用法筆記

14. showing movement or travel towards a place, person, or thing

文法句型

常見錯誤

15. introduces the person or group that receives something in a sentence — used with

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

16. used before the recipient of an action when the same meaning can also be express

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

17. as far as a given moment, quantity, or condition, marking the point where someth