hole
hole — 動詞
1. to break through a hard surface such as a ship's hull or container, creating an
穿破
在堅硬表面打出破洞
to break through a hard surface such as a ship's hull or container, creating an opening that lets water or other contents escape and often causes damage.
The fishing boat was holed by a submerged rock and began to sink.
那艘漁船被水下的岩石穿破，開始下沉。
passive: be holed by [cause]
Rafael accidentally holed the garden fence when he swung the axe too hard.
Rafael 揮斧頭時用力過猛，不小心鑿穿了花園的圍籬。
Debris from the explosion holed the hull of the nearest ship.
爆炸產生的碎片穿破了最近那艘船的船殼。
Drifting icebergs holed the supply vessel's steel plates during the Antarctic mission.
在南極任務期間，漂流冰山撞穿了補給船的鋼板。
The builders holed the old plaster wall while installing new pipes.
工人在安裝新水管時，在舊的灰泥牆上打出一個洞。
文法句型
hole + object (ship, hull, wall, fence, surface)
用法筆記
Frequently used in the passive voice, especially when describing damage to ships or boats. The agent (the thing that causes the hole) is often introduced by 'by'.
常見錯誤
2. in golf, to sink a putt that completes a section of play on the green.
進洞
高爾夫球中將球擊入球洞
in golf, to sink a putt that completes a section of play on the green.
Mizuki holed a long putt from the edge of the green and won the tournament.
Mizuki 從果嶺邊緣推了一記長推桿進洞，贏得了比賽。
collocation: hole a putt
From the far side of the green, Lan holed a difficult putt to save par.
Lan 從果嶺遠側推進了一記困難的推桿，成功保帕。
With steady hands, Christopher holed the last putt and claimed the trophy.
Christopher 沉穩地推進最後一桿，拿下了獎盃。
From over twenty metres away, Dewi holed the putt and won the tournament.
Dewi 從二十多公尺外推桿進洞，贏得了那場比賽。
- miss
to fail to get the ball into the hole
文法句型
hole + object (ball, putt, chip shot)
用法筆記
Used almost exclusively in golf contexts. The object is typically 'the ball' or a specific type of shot such as 'putt', 'chip', or 'approach'.
常見錯誤
hole — 名詞
1. an empty area in a solid object, with an opening on the surface that may continu
洞；孔
固體表面上的開口或穿透空隙
an empty area in a solid object, with an opening on the surface that may continue partway in or run from one side to the other.
Karim noticed a small hole in his jacket pocket.
Karim 注意到他的外套口袋上有一個小洞。
The old wooden fence had a hole that the dog could squeeze through.
那道舊木籬笆有個洞，狗狗可以鑽過去。
hole + in [object]; hole as passage
Allison used a needle to make a hole in the leather strap.
Allison 用一根針在皮帶上刺了一個孔。
A large hole appeared in the roof after heavy rain last night.
昨夜的大雨過後，屋頂出現了一個大洞。
Water leaked through a tiny hole in the metal pipe under the sink.
水從水槽下方金屬管的一個小孔慢慢滲出來。
文法句型
hole + in + [object]
hole + through + [object]
用法筆記
Often followed by 'in' to name the object that contains the opening.
常見錯誤
2. on a golf course, the round target in the short grass that players aim for, foun
球洞
高爾夫球場上的圓形目標洞口
on a golf course, the round target in the short grass that players aim for, found at the end of each section of play.
Sana watched as the ball rolled toward the hole and dropped in.
Sana 看著球向球洞滾過去，然後掉了進去。
The hole on the ninth green is hidden behind a large sand trap.
第九洞果嶺上的球洞隱藏在一大片沙坑後面。
Joon needed only two putts to guide the ball into the hole.
Joon 只用兩記推桿就把球送進了球洞。
Each hole on the course has a flag to show its position on the green.
球場上的每個球洞都有一面旗子標示其在果嶺上的位置。
用法筆記
In golf, the word 'hole' on its own always refers to this cup-like target on the green.
3. a section of a golf course covering the whole route from the starting point to t
第X洞
球場從開球到果嶺的完整區域
a section of a golf course covering the whole route from the starting point to the putting green; one of about eighteen stretches that together make up a full game.
Paloma finished the first nine holes in forty strokes.
Paloma 用四十桿打完了前九洞。
golf: play/finish a number of holes
The seventh hole is a short one with a dangerous water hazard.
第七洞距離短，但有一個危險的水障礙。
Allison booked a tee time and played eighteen holes on Saturday.
Allison 預約了開球時間，星期六打了十八洞。
The course has three holes that run right along the ocean shore.
這座球場有三個洞沿著海邊延伸。
文法句型
number + hole(s)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2: this refers to the whole playing area from tee to green, not just the target cup.
4. in golf match-play, a scoring unit awarded to the player who finishes a section
每洞得分
比洞賽中每贏一洞得一分
in golf match-play, a scoring unit awarded to the player who finishes a section of the course in fewer strokes than their opponent.
Yael won the second hole with a score of three strokes.
Yael 以三桿的成績贏得了第二洞。
golf: win/lose/lose a hole (scoring sense)
After her ball landed in the rough on the sixth hole, Inês lost two straight holes.
Inês 把球打進第六洞的長草區後，一口氣連輸了兩洞。
Each hole is worth one point in their match-play competition.
在他們的比洞賽中，每洞可得到一分。
Owen led by three holes going into the final section of the course.
Owen 在最後一洞之前領先三洞。
文法句型
win/lose + [number] + hole(s)
用法筆記
Used almost exclusively in match-play scoring, where the result of each section is counted as a separate point.
5. a space dug out under the surface by a wild creature, used as its home or shelte
洞穴；巢穴
小動物在土中棲身的窩
a space dug out under the surface by a wild creature, used as its home or shelter.
A rabbit darted out of its hole when Ayana walked past.
Ayana 走過時，一隻兔子從洞裡衝了出來。
The children found a small hole in the garden that led to a mouse nest.
孩子們在花園裡找到一個小洞，通往老鼠的窩。
Élise spotted a fox hole beneath the roots of the old oak tree.
Élise 在老橡樹的樹根下發現了一個狐狸洞穴。
Snakes sometimes take over abandoned holes left by other animals.
蛇有時候會佔用其他動物遺棄的洞穴。
文法句型
[animal] + 's + hole
hole + in the ground
常見錯誤
❌ 'The dog dug a hole in the garden to hide its bone.' (This is correct! But note: this sense is specifically for wild animal homes, not any hole in the ground.)
6. a critical term for a small, dirty, uncomfortable room or building where people
破地方；陋屋
骯髒簡陋、令人不快的住所或場所
a critical term for a small, dirty, uncomfortable room or building where people live or spend time — suggesting neglect and poor condition.
The hotel room was a dirty hole with broken furniture and no heat.
那間旅館房間又髒又破，家具壞了還沒有暖氣。
Karim had to live in a tiny hole of an apartment during his first year abroad.
Karim 出國第一年只能住在一間很小的破公寓裡。
informal: a hole of a [place]
The bar near the station was a dark, smoky hole that nobody recommended.
車站附近那間酒吧又暗又都是菸味，沒有人推薦。
Eri refused to spend another night in that miserable hole of a flat.
Eri 拒絕在那間破爛公寓裡再多待一晚。
- palace
a large, grand place — the opposite of a cramped unpleasant space
文法句型
[be] a hole
a hole of [place]
用法筆記
Always a negative, critical expression. Common in the fixed phrase 'a hole of a [place]'.
7. a mistake or weak point in a plan, argument, theory, or story that makes it less
漏洞
論點或計畫中的缺點
a mistake or weak point in a plan, argument, theory, or story that makes it less convincing or effective
Mateo found several holes in the company's financial plan before the meeting.
Mateo 在會議前發現了公司財務計畫中的好幾個漏洞。
hole in [plan/argument/theory]
The lawyer pointed out a hole in the witness's story during the trial.
律師在審判中指證了證人說詞中的一個漏洞。
Dr. Okafor found a hole in the economic model — it could not explain why food prices kept rising.
Okafor 博士發現那個經濟模型有一個漏洞——它無法解釋為何糧食價格持續上漲。
Brooke's research paper had so many holes that her professor asked her to rewrite it.
Brooke 的研究報告漏洞太多，教授要求她重寫。
Before we accept the proposal, we need to check it for holes.
在接受提案之前，我們需要檢查它是否有漏洞。
- strength
a strong or well-supported point in an argument
文法句型
hole + in + [plan/argument/theory]
用法筆記
Common in informal expressions like 'pick holes in something', meaning to find every weak point in a plan or argument. The preposition 'in' always connects the hole to the thing that has the fault.
常見錯誤
8. a position or space that has become empty because someone or something has left,
空缺
需要填補的空位或角色
a position or space that has become empty because someone or something has left, requiring someone or something new to take its place
When Eri left the project, it left a huge hole in the team.
Eri 離開專案後，團隊出現了一個很大的空缺。
leave a hole in [group/team]
The company saw a hole in the market for affordable electric bicycles.
那間公司在平價電動自行車的市場中看到了一個空缺。
hole in the market
The death of his grandfather left a hole in his life that never fully healed.
祖父的去世在他心中留下了一個永遠無法完全填補的空缺。
We need to hire two more nurses to fill the holes in our evening shift.
我們需要再聘請兩名護士來填補夜班的人力空缺。
The flood destroyed the school, and no one could fill the hole it left in town.
洪水摧毀了學校，沒有人能填補它為小鎮留下的空缺。
文法句型
leave a hole in [group/market]
fill a/the hole in [group/system]
用法筆記
Often used with 'fill' (to replace what is missing) or 'leave' (to create the emptiness). The thing that is missing was usually present before and is expected to return or be replaced.
常見錯誤
9. a difficult, unpleasant, or awkward situation that is hard to get out of
困境
難以擺脫的困難處境
a difficult, unpleasant, or awkward situation that is hard to get out of
After losing his job, Mateo found himself in a deep financial hole.
Mateo 失業後發現自己陷入了嚴重的財務困境。
in a [adjective] hole
The company was in a hole after its new product failed to attract buyers.
那間公司的新產品未能吸引買家，因而陷入了困境。
Hamza knew he was digging himself into a deeper hole by lying to his boss.
Hamza 知道對老闆說謊只會讓自己越陷越深。
Fix this problem now, or we will be in a real hole next month.
現在解決這個問題，否則下個月我們就會陷入真正的困境。
The new policy put the country in a hole that took years to escape from.
那項新政策讓國家陷入了困境，花了好幾年才走出來。
文法句型
in a hole
dig oneself into a hole
out of a/the hole
用法筆記
Common in informal speech and writing. 'Dig oneself into a hole' adds the idea that the person's own actions are making the situation worse. 'In a hole' usually describes a financial or career-related crisis.