lump
lump — 名詞
1. a solid piece of a substance that has no fixed or regular shape
塊；團
固體物質的無定形一塊
a solid piece of a substance that has no fixed or regular shape
Eli added a lump of sugar to his coffee and stirred it slowly.
Eli 在咖啡裡加了一塊糖，然後慢慢攪拌。
collocation: lump of sugar
The sauce had lumps in it because Andrei had not mixed it long enough.
醬汁裡有結塊，因為 Andrei 攪拌的時間不夠久。
collocation: lumps in sauce
Allison broke off a lump of clay from the large block before starting her sculpture.
Allison 從那塊大黏土上掰下一團，才開始進行雕塑。
When the cement dried overnight, it formed a rock-hard lump that was difficult to remove.
水泥乾了一整夜後，結成堅硬的塊狀，很難清除。
- piece
'piece' is more neutral and can refer to any fraction of something, while 'lump' emphasizes shapelessness
文法句型
lump + of + [substance]
用法筆記
Countable noun. Often followed by 'of' to describe what the lump is made of, as in 'a lump of coal' or 'a lump of butter.'
常見錯誤
2. a large quantity of money or something valuable that is treated as one total uni
總額
視為完整單位的巨額款項
a large quantity of money or something valuable that is treated as one total unit rather than being divided
The lottery winner chose to receive the prize as a single lump payment instead of yearly instalments.
樂透得主選擇一次性領取全額獎金，而不是分期領取。
collocation: lump payment / lump sum
Mateo decided to invest his entire lump sum of savings in buying a small house near the beach.
Mateo 決定將整筆積蓄拿來在海邊買一棟小房子。
The charity received a large lump of money from an anonymous donor last week.
上週，該慈善機構收到一名匿名捐贈者的大筆捐款。
Her retirement fund paid out as a lump sum, so she had to plan carefully how to use it.
她的退休金是一次整筆支付的，所以她必須仔細規劃如何運用。
- instalment
a single payment of a divided total, the opposite of a lump sum
文法句型
lump + of + [money/resource]
a lump sum
用法筆記
Most common in financial contexts with 'sum' or 'payment.' The phrase 'lump sum' is a set expression meaning a single payment of the full amount.
常見錯誤
3. a raised or hardened area that can develop beneath the outer layer of the body,
腫塊
皮膚上或皮下的隆起硬塊
a raised or hardened area that can develop beneath the outer layer of the body, often because of sickness or a wound
Daichi found a small hard lump on his neck and immediately booked a doctor's appointment.
Daichi 在脖子上發現一顆小硬塊，立刻預約了醫生。
After the mosquito bite, a red itchy lump appeared on Hamza's forearm within minutes.
被蚊子叮咬幾分鐘後，Hamza 的前臂就出現了一個又紅又癢的腫塊。
collocation: lump appeared on [body part]
The doctor examined the lump on Élise's shoulder and said it was just a harmless cyst.
醫生檢查了 Élise 肩膀上的腫塊，說那只是一個無害的囊腫。
Theo noticed a painful lump behind his ear while washing his face one morning.
Theo 早上洗臉時，發現耳後有一個會痛的腫塊。
文法句型
lump + on/in/behind + [body part]
用法筆記
Frequently used in medical contexts. A lump can be harmless or a sign of a serious condition such as cancer. In everyday speech, 'lump' and 'bump' are often used interchangeably for small swellings.
常見錯誤
4. someone described as heavy, slow, or clumsy, usually in an informal teasing way
遲鈍的人
舉止笨拙遲緩的人（非正式）
someone described as heavy, slow, or clumsy, usually in an informal teasing way
The coach called the new player a useless lump after he kept tripping over his own feet during training.
教練罵那位新球員是個沒用的笨傢伙，因為他在訓練時老是絆倒。
informal insult: useless lump
Reuben is a big friendly lump who would never hurt anyone, but he does break things by accident.
Reuben 是個大塊頭的好好先生，從來不會傷害任何人，但他老是撞壞東西。
Come on, you great lump, stop sitting there and help us carry these boxes to the truck!
喂，你這個大塊頭，別坐在那裡，快來幫我們把這些箱子搬上卡車！
Jabari's classmates called him a lump after he spilled paint all over the floor during art class.
Jabari 在美術課把顏料打翻得滿地都是，同學們都叫他笨手笨腳的呆子。
用法筆記
Informal and potentially insulting. Often used teasingly among friends or as a mild insult. In British English, it can also be softened with 'big' as in 'you big lump' to sound more affectionate.
常見錯誤
lump — 動詞
1. to tolerate an unpleasant state of affairs because you have no power to alter it
忍受
勉強接受不喜歡但無法改變的狀況
to tolerate an unpleasant state of affairs because you have no power to alter it
Lakshmi hated the new schedule at work, but she was told she would have to like it or lump it.
Lakshmi 不喜歡新的工作班表，但她被告知只能喜歡也好、不喜歡也罷，就這樣接受了。
fixed expression: like it or lump it
The passengers were told the flight was delayed by six hours and they would simply have to lump it.
乘客被告知航班延誤六小時，他們只能勉強接受這個事實。
grammar pattern: have to lump it
The children complained loudly about the camping trip, but their parents said they must lump it or stay home.
孩子們大聲抱怨露營行程，但父母說他們要嘛乖乖接受，要嘛留在家裡。
Pim disliked the new company policy, but the manager said everyone had to lump it and carry on.
Pim 不喜歡公司的新政策，但經理說每個人都得忍氣吞聲繼續做下去。
- put up with
more general, used in daily speech for tolerating anything annoying
- tolerate
more formal; implies patience rather than resignation
- accept
neutral; does not carry the negative emotional weight of 'lump it'
- grin and bear it
idiomatic, similar in tone to 'lump it'
- reject
to refuse to accept something
文法句型
lump + it
like it or lump it
用法筆記
Almost always used with 'it' as the object. The fixed phrase 'like it or lump it' is very common and means you have no choice but to accept things as they are. More common in British English than American English.
常見錯誤
2. to place different people or things into a single category or group without payi
混在一起
不分差異地歸為同一類別
to place different people or things into a single category or group without paying attention to their differences
The teacher lumped all the beginner students together in one class regardless of their age or skill level.
老師把所有初學者混編在同一個班級，不論他們的年齡或程度。
pattern: lump [plural] together
Critics often lump science fiction and fantasy novels into the same broad category during book award seasons.
書評家經常把科幻小說和奇幻小說歸為同一大類。
pattern: lump [A] and [B] into [category]
Élise felt annoyed when reviewers lumped her with other painters who used completely different techniques.
Élise 對於評論者把她和風格截然不同的畫家混為一談感到不滿。
The report lumped together sales data from three very different regions, which made the analysis misleading.
這份報告把三個截然不同地區的銷售數據混在一起，導致分析結果有誤導性。
- separate
to divide into individual parts or categories
- distinguish
to recognize and treat things as different from each other
文法句型
lump + [plural noun] + together
lump + [noun] + with + [noun]
lump + [noun] + into + [category]
用法筆記
Often carries a negative connotation — it implies the grouping is unfair or careless. Frequently used in the passive voice: 'they were lumped together.' Distinguish from 'group,' which is neutral.
常見錯誤
lump — 形容詞
1. paid or given as one complete amount at a single time rather than being spread a
整筆的
一次支付全額而非分期
paid or given as one complete amount at a single time rather than being spread across separate payments
The company offered Allison a lump payment of fifty thousand dollars as a retirement bonus.
公司提供 Allison 五萬美元的一次性退休獎金。
collocation: lump payment
Instead of paying in monthly instalments, Mateo chose a single lump sum to settle the entire debt at once.
Mateo 選擇一次性整筆付清全部債務，而不是按月分期付款。
collocation: lump sum
The government awarded the research team a lump-sum grant to fund their project for the full five years.
政府向研究團隊撥發一整筆補助金，全額資助他們五年的計畫。
Winners of the competition can receive the prize as yearly payments or as one lump sum of cash.
比賽得主可以選擇每年領取獎金，或是一次領取整筆現金。
- instalment
divided into regular payments over time
文法句型
lump sum/payment/fee
用法筆記
Most commonly used before 'sum' or 'payment' to describe a financial arrangement. This adjective form does not have comparative or superlative forms. Note that 'lump sum' has become a standard compound noun.