stiff
stiff — 動詞
1. to cheat someone by making a promise or offer that you do not intend to keep, of
欺騙;背信
用承諾騙取他人錢財或利益
to cheat someone by making a promise or offer that you do not intend to keep, often taking their money without delivering what was agreed
The contractor stiffed the homeowners by taking their deposit and never starting the work.
那名承包商拿了屋主的訂金卻從未開工,欺騙了他們。
Élise warned her friends not to trust that jeweller, who had stiffed several customers before.
Élise 告誡朋友們別相信那家珠寶商,他之前已經欺騙過好幾位顧客。
stiff + someone + on something
Lakan felt cheated when his business partner stiffed him on their joint investment.
Lakan 發現合夥人騙了他共同投資的款項,覺得自己受騙了。
The company stiffed its suppliers for months before finally shutting down.
那家公司拖欠供應商貨款好幾個月,最後倒閉了。
文法句型
stiff + someone
stiff + someone + on + noun phrase
be stiffed by + someone
用法筆記
Commonly used with the preposition 'on' to specify what was promised. The passive form ('be stiffed') is frequent in complaints about businesses.
2. to deliberately avoid paying someone for work or services that they have already
賴帳
蓄意不支付積欠的款項
to deliberately avoid paying someone for work or services that they have already done, leaving them out of pocket
The crew threatened to leave when the manager stiffed them on their wages.
工程隊威脅說,如果經理試圖賴掉他們的工資,他們就不幹了。
Caleb hired a lawyer after the client stiffed him for the renovation work.
Caleb 僱了律師,因為客戶想賴掉已完工的裝修費用。
stiff + someone + for + noun phrase (payment)
That landlord has a reputation for stiffing tenants on their security deposits.
那位房東以賴掉房客的押金而出名。
Yael found that the company had stiffed her on overtime pay for months.
Yael 發現公司過去三個月一直沒有支付她的加班費。
文法句型
stiff + someone
stiff + someone + on + noun phrase
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 3: sense 2 is about any owed money (wages, rent, deposits), while sense 3 is specifically about tips for a service.
3. to refuse to leave a tip for a worker who has served you, such as a waiter, hair
不付小費
拒絕給服務人員小費
to refuse to leave a tip for a worker who has served you, such as a waiter, hairdresser, or delivery driver
Obi always felt guilty when he accidentally stiffed the delivery driver on a rainy night.
Obi 在雨夜不小心沒給外送司機小費,心裡一直過意不去。
stiff + someone + on + noun phrase (tip)
The group at table seven stiffed the waiter on a bill over five hundred dollars.
那桌七號的客人消費超過五百美元,卻沒給服務生小費。
Chidi stiffed the hairdresser after a three-hour appointment, and the salon refused to book him again.
Chidi 做了三小時造型後沒給髮型師小費,那家沙龍從此不再接受他的預約。
Sivan complained to the manager after the customer stiffed her on the manicure service.
Sivan 向經理投訴,因為那位顧客做完指甲護理後沒有給她小費。
- leave no tip
neutral, factual description without the negative tone of 'stiff'
- tip generously
the opposite action
文法句型
stiff + someone
stiff + someone + on + noun phrase
用法筆記
Primarily used in cultures where tipping is customary. The object is always a person who provided a service.
常見錯誤
4. to withhold something that someone has a right to expect or has been promised, s
拒給
拒絕給予應得或承諾的事物
to withhold something that someone has a right to expect or has been promised, such as time, access, or resources
The prison guards stiffed the inmates on their allotted phone time that week.
那週獄警沒有給囚犯應得的打電話時間。
Ezra's uncle stiffed him on the promised birthday gift, saying he had changed his mind.
Ezra 的叔叔反悔了原本答應的生日禮物,說他改變主意了。
stiff + someone + on + noun phrase (promised item)
Farm workers claimed the company stiffed them on the break time required by law.
農場工人聲稱公司未依法給他們應有的休息時間。
The coach was accused of stiffing the athletes on the training gear they were promised.
教練被指控沒有提供承諾給年輕運動員的訓練裝備。
- deny
more formal and neutral; lacks the informal, accusing tone of 'stiff'
- short-change
originally about money but also used figuratively for anything owed
- provide
to give what is expected or promised
文法句型
stiff + someone
stiff + someone + on + noun phrase
be stiffed
用法筆記
The object of this sense is a non-monetary benefit (time, equipment, opportunity), whereas sense 2 is specifically about money owed.
5. to kill someone deliberately, especially in a planned or organized way linked to
殺害
(黑幫用語)蓄意殺人
to kill someone deliberately, especially in a planned or organized way linked to criminal activity
The mob boss ordered his men to stiff the informant before the trial.
在那部犯罪電影裡,黑幫老大命令手下在審判前殺掉線人。
Detectives uncovered evidence that the missing witness had been stiffed by a rival gang.
警方查出那名失蹤的證人已被敵對幫派殺害。
passive: be stiffed by + someone
The body was found in a warehouse, and neighbours whispered the man had been stiffed.
屍體在一間廢棄倉庫被發現,鄰居竊竊私語說那人是被做掉的。
The movie shows how the gang stiffed a rival dealer to take over his territory.
電影中黑幫為了接管對方地盤,殺了一名敵對的毒販。
文法句型
stiff + someone
be stiffed
用法筆記
This is very informal slang found mainly in crime fiction, organised-crime contexts, or underworld reporting. It would sound odd or theatrical in everyday conversation about killing.
常見錯誤
6. to perform poorly as a business, making very little or no profit and often closi
虧損;倒閉
生意失敗,賺不到錢
to perform poorly as a business, making very little or no profit and often closing down as a result
The restaurant stiffed within six months because of poor reviews and high rent.
那家餐廳因為評價差、租金高,六個月內就做不下去了。
Despite a strong start, the tech startup stiffed after its main investor pulled out.
那家新創科技公司原本起步不錯,但主要投資人撤資後就撐不下去了。
Naoko feared her catering business would stiff within its first year of operation.
Naoko 擔心她的餐飲事業在第一年內就會撐不下去。
The market was so crowded that even well-funded companies stiffed within their first year.
市場競爭太激烈,就連資金充裕的公司也在第一年內就虧損倒閉。
- thrive
to do well and grow
文法句型
stiff (no object)
用法筆記
This sense is intransitive — there is no object. A business 'stiffs' (fails), but you cannot 'stiff a business' in this sense. The phrase 'stiff it out' is unrelated.
常見錯誤
7. in golf, to strike the ball so cleanly that it comes to rest within a short dist
打近洞
高爾夫:將球準確打至靠近洞口
in golf, to strike the ball so cleanly that it comes to rest within a short distance of the hole, often from far away and with precise skill
Amihan stiffed her approach shot to within a few feet of the flag.
Amihan 將她的進攻球打到距離旗桿只有幾英尺的位置。
golf: stiff + shot to within [distance] of hole
The golf pro showed the students how to stiff the ball close to the cup.
那位高爾夫教練向學生示範如何將球打到靠近洞口的位置。
transitive: stiff + the ball + close to
From two hundred yards away, Talia managed to stiff her shot perfectly.
Talia 從兩百碼外成功將球打到洞口附近。
Kofi's caddie cheered when he stiffed the ball just two feet from the hole.
Kofi 的桿弟在他把球打到距洞口僅兩英尺處時歡呼了起來。
With a smooth swing, Beatriz stiffed her second shot to within three metres.
Beatriz 以流暢的揮桿將第二桿打到距洞口三公尺內的位置。
- stick it
informal golf term, same meaning of hitting the ball close to the pin
- knock it close
informal phrase describing the same result in golf
- hit it tight
golf slang, describes a shot that lands very near the flag
文法句型
stiff + a shot / the ball / it + (to within a distance)
用法筆記
Only used in golf. Typically describes a long approach shot that ends up very close to the pin. In golf commentary, often shortened to 'stiff it'.
常見錯誤
stiff — 名詞
1. an informal word for a person when you want to describe what kind of person they
傢伙;小人物
用於形容詞後,指某種人(常帶同情或戲謔)
an informal word for a person when you want to describe what kind of person they are or what situation they are in — often used with an adjective such as 'poor,' 'lucky,' or 'working' and sometimes suggesting sympathy or mild humour
The poor stiff stood in the rain for over an hour waiting for a bus.
那個可憐的傢伙在雨中等了一個多小時的公車。
collocation: poor stiff
Antonia is a working stiff who gets up at six and takes a train to work.
Antonia 是個普通的上班族,早上六點起床搭火車上班。
collocation: working stiff
Some lucky stiff at the office won the raffle and took home a new bicycle.
辦公室裡某個幸運的傢伙中了摸彩,贏了一輛新的腳踏車回家。
An old stiff sat at the bar, nursing a beer and talking to no one.
一個老傢伙坐在酒吧裡,慢慢喝著啤酒,不和任何人說話。
文法句型
[adjective] + stiff
用法筆記
Almost always appears with a preceding adjective that describes the person's character or situation. Without an adjective this sense sounds unnatural in most contexts.
常見錯誤
2. a dead body, especially of a person, referred to in a casual or humorous way — c
屍體
非正式指死人的軀體
a dead body, especially of a person, referred to in a casual or humorous way — common in crime fiction, detective stories, and informal conversation about death
The detective found a stiff in the back alley behind the old theatre.
偵探在老戲院後面的小巷裡發現了一具屍體。
typical usage in crime contexts
In the first chapter, two kids discover a stiff in the woods near their school.
在第一章,兩個小孩在學校附近的樹林裡發現了一具屍體。
Élise's job at the coroner's office meant she dealt with stiffs almost every day.
Élise 在法醫辦公室的工作意味著她幾乎每天都要處理屍體。
The horror movie opens with teenagers finding a stiff in a dusty basement.
恐怖片的開場是青少年在佈滿灰塵的地下室裡發現一具屍體。
Yara joked that if she became a stiff, her funeral should end with a party.
Yara 開玩笑說,如果她變成了屍體,葬禮應該以一場派對作結。
文法句型
a stiff
the stiff
用法筆記
This is a slang term and may be seen as disrespectful in formal or sensitive situations. Avoid using it when talking about someone's deceased relative or in a funeral context.
常見錯誤
stiff — 形容詞
1. describes a material or object that is firm and hard, keeping its shape when you
堅硬的
材質堅固不易彎曲的
describes a material or object that is firm and hard, keeping its shape when you press or squeeze it instead of bending or feeling soft
The new leather shoes felt too stiff for Vivek to walk comfortably.
Vivek 那雙新皮鞋太硬了,穿起來很不舒服,連走路都覺得難受。
collocation: stiff leather / stiff fabric
Beatriz used a stiff brush to scrub the dirt off the kitchen tiles.
Beatriz 用一把硬毛刷將廚房磁磚上的污垢刷乾淨。
The cardboard was stiff enough to hold the weight of several heavy books.
那塊厚紙板夠硬,足以撐住好幾本厚書的重量。
Quan preferred a stiff mattress because soft ones always hurt his back.
Quan 偏好硬床墊,因為軟床墊總是讓他的背不舒服。
用法筆記
Commonly describes materials that resist pressure: cardboard, fabric, brush bristles, leather, and mattress surfaces.
2. difficult to move, slide, or operate because the parts do not move against each
不靈活的
卡住而難以活動的
difficult to move, slide, or operate because the parts do not move against each other as easily as they should
The window frame was so stiff that Élise could not slide it open.
窗框卡得太緊了,Élise 怎麼也推不開。
stiff + object + cannot move freely
Karim pulled hard on the stiff drawer handle until it finally opened.
Karim 用力拉著卡住的抽屜把手,最後終於把它拉開了。
After years without use, the lock had grown stiff and would not turn.
那把鎖好幾年沒用,變得非常緊,根本轉不動。
Ryo oiled the stiff hinges on the garden gate to make them swing smoothly.
Ryo 給花園大門上卡住的鉸鏈上了油,讓門能順暢開關。
Dylan found that the stiff gears made the old bicycle very hard to pedal.
Dylan 發現那輛舊腳踏車的齒輪很緊,騎起來非常吃力。
用法筆記
Often used for mechanical parts — locks, hinges, drawers, window frames, or gears — that have become difficult to move due to lack of use or lack of lubrication.
常見錯誤
3. describes muscles or joints that hurt when you try to use them, often because yo
痠痛的
肌肉活動時感到疼痛的
describes muscles or joints that hurt when you try to use them, often because you have exercised hard or stayed in the same position for too long
Chidi's legs were so stiff after the long hike that he could barely climb the stairs.
長途健行之後,Chidi 的腿痠痛到幾乎沒辦法走上樓梯。
stiff + body part + after exercise
Mia woke up with a stiff neck because her pillow was too thick.
Mia 因為枕頭太厚,睡醒後脖子僵硬得不舒服。
common pattern: stiff neck / stiff shoulders / stiff back
Sitting at a desk all day made Aaron's shoulders feel stiff and sore.
整天坐在書桌前,讓 Aaron 的肩膀又僵又痠。
A hot bath can help ease stiff muscles after a long day of physical work.
泡個熱水澡有助於緩解一整天下來因勞累而僵硬的肌肉。
Nkechi's knees felt stiff every morning until she did a few gentle stretches.
Nkechi 每天早上膝蓋都覺得僵硬,必須做幾下溫和的伸展才舒服。
用法筆記
Frequently used with body parts: neck, shoulders, back, legs, knees, muscles, joints. Often occurs after physical activity or after staying in one position (e.g. sitting, sleeping).
常見錯誤
4. showing very formal, correct, and controlled behaviour that makes you seem unfri
拘謹的
態度嚴肅不自然的
showing very formal, correct, and controlled behaviour that makes you seem unfriendly or uncomfortable around others
The new manager's stiff manner made the staff feel nervous during team meetings.
那位新經理的態度很生硬,讓全體員工在開會時都覺得緊張。
stiff manner / stiff attitude = unfriendly formality
Beatriz gave a stiff smile when her boss criticised her report in the meeting.
主管在會議上批評 Beatriz 的報告時,她勉強擠出一個僵硬的笑容。
Esme found the formal dinner too stiff and much preferred casual evenings with her friends.
Esme 覺得那場正式晚宴太拘謹了,她更喜歡和朋友輕鬆相處的時光。
The diplomat's stiff bow showed politeness on the surface but no real warmth.
那位外交官鞠了一躬,動作很客氣,但完全感受不到真誠的溫暖。
Vivek's writing was too stiff for the college essay, so his teacher advised a more natural tone.
Vivek 的申請書文章風格太過刻板,老師建議他寫得更自然一些。
用法筆記
Can describe a person's behaviour, facial expression (stiff smile), social atmosphere (stiff dinner party), or even writing style. Distinguish from sense 1 and 2 — this sense describes social stiffness, not physical.
常見錯誤
5. more severe, strict, or difficult than what is normal or expected — for example,
嚴厲的
比平常更嚴厲或困難的
more severe, strict, or difficult than what is normal or expected — for example, a punishment, a penalty, a test, or a business situation
The judge gave a stiff sentence of ten years for the armed robbery.
法官對那起持械搶劫案判了十年重刑。
collocation: stiff sentence / stiff penalty / stiff fine
New companies face stiff competition from well-established brands in the market.
新成立的公司面臨來自市場上知名品牌的激烈競爭。
collocation: stiff competition
Hari had to pay a stiff fine for leaving his car in a no-parking zone.
Hari 因為把車停在禁止停車區,被處以高額罰款。
The final exam had a stiff pass rate, with only thirty percent of students succeeding.
期末考試的通過門檻很高,只有百分之三十的學生及格。
Drivers who break the speed limit may receive a stiff punishment under the new law.
根據新法規,超速的駕駛人可能會受到嚴厲的處罰。
用法筆記
Common with penalties (stiff fine, stiff sentence), competitive environments (stiff competition), and challenges (stiff exam). Distinguish from sense 4 — this is about severity of a situation, not social formality. Distinguish from adjective_b2 sense 8 (stiff price = expensive).
常見錯誤
6. blowing with noticeable force, making it hard to walk, cycle, or keep objects in
強勁的
風力很強的
blowing with noticeable force, making it hard to walk, cycle, or keep objects in place — used of wind, breeze, or gusts
A stiff wind blew Walid's hat off as he walked along the beach.
一陣強風吹掉了 Walid 的帽子,當時他正在海邊散步。
collocation: stiff wind / stiff breeze
The sailors waited for a stiff breeze to fill the sails of their small boat.
船員們等待一陣強風吹滿小船帆布,好讓船出發。
Aaron found it hard to cycle against the stiff wind on his way to work.
Aaron 發現騎車上班時逆著強風前進非常吃力。
A stiff northerly wind brought a sharp drop in temperature across the city.
一陣強勁的北風吹過城市,氣溫驟降。
The children flew their kites high in the stiff spring breeze.
孩子們在強勁的春風中把風箏放得很高。
用法筆記
Typically used with wind, breeze, or gust. Does not apply to general weather conditions (a 'stiff storm' is not idiomatic). Distinguish from adjective_b2 sense 7 (stiff drink = strong alcohol) — this sense is limited to wind.
7. A stiff alcoholic drink has a high proportion of alcohol and very little dilutio
烈(酒)
酒精濃度高、未稀釋的
A stiff alcoholic drink has a high proportion of alcohol and very little dilution — so it tastes sharp and affects you quickly.
Minh ordered a stiff whisky with just one ice cube.
Minh 點了一杯烈威士忌,只加了一塊冰。
collocation: stiff drink / stiff whisky
A stiff cocktail like a dry martini may contain almost nothing but alcohol.
像乾馬丁尼這種烈雞尾酒,裡面幾乎全是酒精。
The bartender warned Eshe that the house punch was particularly stiff.
酒保警告 Eshe,那款自調潘趣酒特別烈。
For anyone unused to strong spirits, a stiff drink can hit the throat hard.
對不習慣烈酒的人來說,一杯烈酒入喉會很嗆。
Valentina felt the whisky was too stiff and asked for more soda water.
Valentina 覺得那杯威士忌太烈了,便要了一點蘇打水。
- weak
describes a drink with little alcohol or one that has been heavily diluted
- watered-down
informal; specifically means extra water or mixer was added, reducing strength
文法句型
stiff + drink noun (whisky, cocktail, etc.)
用法筆記
Used only with alcoholic drinks — never with soft drinks, tea, or coffee.
常見錯誤
8. describes a price, fee, fine, or other cost that is very high and often feels un
高昂
價格或費用很高的
describes a price, fee, fine, or other cost that is very high and often feels unreasonable or difficult to pay.
Rohan had to pay a stiff fine for parking in a restricted zone.
Rohan 因為在禁區停車,得付一筆高昂的罰款。
collocation: stiff fine / stiff price / stiff fee
The admission fee at the theme park was rather stiff for a family of four.
那個主題樂園的入場費對一家四口來說相當昂貴。
Buying a house in this neighbourhood means accepting a stiff mortgage.
在這個社區買房子,代表要承受一筆高昂的房貸。
Élise was shocked by the stiff bill for a simple dinner at that restaurant.
Élise 看到那間餐廳簡單一餐的高昂帳單時嚇了一跳。
The cost of the repair turned out to be much stiffer than Adina had expected.
維修費用比 Adina 預期的還要高出許多。
- steep
very close in meaning; slightly more informal and common in everyday speech
- high
more neutral; lacks the implication that the cost is unfair or hard to bear
- exorbitant
formal and stronger; suggests the price is far beyond what is reasonable
- cheap
describes a low price, opposite of expensive
- reasonable
suggests the cost is fair and not excessive
文法句型
stiff + cost noun (price, fine, fee, bill)
be + stiff
用法筆記
Most common with nouns for charges or penalties — price, fine, fee, bill, fare, mortgage, tax. Rarely used with the cost of everyday small items such as a loaf of bread.
常見錯誤
9. extremely drunk, to the point where you have trouble walking, speaking clearly,
爛醉
喝醉到無法正常行動的
extremely drunk, to the point where you have trouble walking, speaking clearly, or thinking straight.
After three glasses of wine, Feng was completely stiff and could barely walk.
Feng 喝了三杯葡萄酒之後完全爛醉,幾乎無法走路。
informal register: 'stiff' for 'very drunk'
Mei got so stiff at the wedding party that her friends had to call a taxi.
Mei 在婚禮上喝到爛醉,朋友們只好叫計程車載她回去。
The old man at the bar was already stiff by nine o'clock in the evening.
酒吧裡那位老先生晚上九點就已經喝得爛醉了。
Hannah warned herself not to get stiff before her job interview the next morning.
Hannah 提醒自己別在第二天面試前喝到爛醉。
Mira gave Christopher a ride home because he was too stiff to drive.
Mira 開車載 Christopher 回家,因為他醉到沒法開車。
- sober
the direct opposite; completely free of alcohol effects
文法句型
be/get + stiff
stiff from/after [alcohol]
用法筆記
Used only after a linking verb (be, get, become) — you would not say 'a stiff man' to mean a drunk man, because that would be understood as rigid or formal. Predicative only.
常見錯誤
10. showing firm determination and refusing to change your opinion, decision, or pos
頑固;堅決
態度堅決不肯讓步的
showing firm determination and refusing to change your opinion, decision, or position, even when others disagree or pressure you.
The union leader remained stiff in her demands despite pressure from management.
那位工會領袖在訴求上態度強硬,絲毫不向管理階層讓步。
collocation: remain + stiff + in [demands/position]
Grandfather was stiff about keeping the old traditions alive in the family.
祖父在保存家庭傳統這方面非常固執。
Feng took a stiff stance against any changes to the school curriculum.
Feng 對任何更改課程的提議都採取堅決反對的立場。
Even when the whole team disagreed, the coach kept a stiff attitude about the training plan.
即使整個團隊都反對,教練對訓練計畫仍堅持己見。
Adina stood stiff in her decision to study abroad despite her parents' worries.
Adina 不顧父母的擔心,仍然堅決要出國讀書。
- stubborn
more negative; suggests unreasonable refusal to change
- resolute
more positive and formal; emphasises admirable firmness of purpose
- unyielding
formal; describes someone who will not give in under pressure
文法句型
stiff + stance/attitude/position
remain/stand + stiff + in/about [something]
用法筆記
Often carries a slightly negative tone when describing someone as inflexible, but can be positive (praising someone's resolve) when the context supports it. Compare with STUBBORN / RESOLUTE vs STRICT / HARSH (adj/5): sense 5 describes rules or punishments that are severe; this sense describes a person's attitude or stance.
常見錯誤
11. describes a substance — especially a mixture, paste, dough, or cream — that is t
濃稠
質地濃稠難以攪拌的
describes a substance — especially a mixture, paste, dough, or cream — that is thick and heavy, so that it offers resistance when you try to stir, spread, or beat it.
Beat the eggs and sugar until the mixture becomes stiff and glossy.
把雞蛋和糖打發到濃稠發亮為止。
collocation: stiff mixture / stiff dough / stiff paste
The dough was too stiff to roll out, so Rohan added a little more milk.
麵團太硬了,Rohan 加了一點牛奶才擀得開。
A good cement paste should be stiff enough to hold its shape on the trowel.
好的水泥漿應該濃稠到能在抹刀上維持形狀。
Cook the porridge until it turns stiff and starts to pull away from the pan.
繼續煮燕麥粥,直到變濃稠並開始從鍋邊脫離。
Hannah beat the cream until it formed stiff peaks that stood up on their own.
Hannah 把鮮奶油打發到出現硬性發泡、能獨立挺立的程度。
文法句型
stiff + mixture/paste/dough noun
become/get/turn + stiff
用法筆記
Common in recipes and cooking instructions, especially for dough, batter, cream, frosting, and paste. Also used in DIY contexts for cement, plaster, and glue mixtures.
常見錯誤
12. describes a dose, medicine, chemical, or substance that is very strong and has a
強效
藥效或化學效果強烈的
describes a dose, medicine, chemical, or substance that is very strong and has a powerful effect on the body or on materials.
The doctor warned Mira that the medicine was very stiff and might make her sleepy.
醫生警告 Mira 那種藥藥效很強,可能會讓她昏昏欲睡。
collocation: stiff dose / stiff medicine
This cleaning fluid is so stiff that you should wear gloves when using it.
這種清潔劑效果很強,使用時必須戴手套。
A stiff dose of caffeine can keep you awake for hours after your last cup.
一劑強效咖啡因可以讓你喝完幾個小時都保持清醒。
The chemical spray used on the crops was too stiff for home gardens.
那種噴在農作物上的化學藥劑對家庭菜園來說太強了。
The smell of the disinfectant was so stiff that it made Élise's eyes water.
消毒水的氣味太嗆了,嗆得 Élise 直流眼淚。
- potent
the most direct synonym; very close in meaning and register, often used for medicines and chemicals
- strong
more general and common; less specific to the idea of a powerful effect
- concentrated
focuses on the lack of dilution rather than the effect itself
文法句型
stiff + effect noun (dose, medicine, chemical)
用法筆記
Differs from STRONG ALCOHOL (sense 7): sense 7 is restricted to alcoholic drinks, while this sense applies to medicines, chemicals, cleaning products, and other substances that produce a powerful physiological or material effect.
常見錯誤
stiff — 副詞
1. Used after certain verbs that describe feelings or physical conditions, adding t
極度
跟在特定動詞後,表示程度極高
Used after certain verbs that describe feelings or physical conditions, adding the idea of 'extremely' — for example, being very scared, very bored, very worried, or very cold.
The children were scared stiff when the old house creaked in the wind.
那棟老舊的房子在風中吱嘎作響時,孩子們都嚇呆了。
scared stiff — feeling/state verb + stiff
Kasia was bored stiff during the two-hour presentation about yearly budgets.
Kasia 在長達兩小時的年度預算簡報中感到無聊死了。
bored stiff — showing extreme boredom
Jiwoo's mother was worried stiff when the school bus came an hour late.
Jiwoo 的母親在校車晚了一個小時到時,擔心極了。
After the long snowball fight, Tamar's fingers were frozen stiff.
經過一場長時間的雪仗後,Tamar 的手指凍僵了。
The audience laughed themselves stiff at the comedian's clever jokes.
觀眾們被喜劇演員的幽默笑話笑得肚子發僵。
文法句型
emotional/state verb + stiff
get/become + past participle + stiff
用法筆記
This sense of stiff always follows the verb or adjective it intensifies. It cannot be placed before the word it modifies (❌ 'stiff bored') or used as a general intensifier like 'very'.
常見錯誤
2. In the sport of golf, with such accuracy that the ball ends up very near the hol
靠近洞口
高爾夫用語,球停在離洞口很近的位置
In the sport of golf, with such accuracy that the ball ends up very near the hole and requires only a short putt to go in.
Kwame hit his approach shot stiff to within three feet of the pin.
Kwame 將他的攻果嶺球打到離旗桿僅三呎的範圍內。
golf: hit + shot + stiff + to within [distance]
From the fairway, Ari played the ball stiff and tapped in for a birdie.
Ari 在球道上將球打到洞口附近,然後輕鬆推進小鳥球。
Nora's iron shot from the middle of the fairway landed stiff beside the flag.
Nora 從球道中央的鐵桿球精準地落在旗桿旁邊。
With a gentle pitch shot, Diya rolled the ball stiff to the hole.
Diya 以一記輕柔的切球將球滾送到洞口附近。
文法句型
hit/play/land + a shot + stiff
stiff + to + the hole / the flag / the pin
用法筆記
This golf term describes the result of a shot. It is not used in everyday contexts to mean 'close to something' (❌ 'The shop is stiff to my house'). In golf writing and commentary, it may be used with verbs like hit, play, land, roll, or stop.