stiff

stiff — 動詞

1. to cheat someone by making a promise or offer that you do not intend to keep, of

1.動詞及物B2
釋義

欺騙;背信

用承諾騙取他人錢財或利益

to cheat someone by making a promise or offer that you do not intend to keep, often taking their money without delivering what was agreed

例句

The contractor stiffed the homeowners by taking their deposit and never starting the work.

那名承包商拿了屋主的訂金卻從未開工,欺騙了他們。

Élise warned her friends not to trust that jeweller, who had stiffed several customers before.

Élise 告誡朋友們別相信那家珠寶商,他之前已經欺騙過好幾位顧客。

stiff + someone + on something

同義詞
  • swindle

    more formal, suggests a planned fraud rather than broken promises

  • rip off

    equally informal but focuses on overcharging, not necessarily broken promises

文法句型

stiff + someone

stiff + someone + on + noun phrase

be stiffed by + someone

用法筆記

Commonly used with the preposition 'on' to specify what was promised. The passive form ('be stiffed') is frequent in complaints about businesses.

2. to deliberately avoid paying someone for work or services that they have already

2.動詞及物B2
釋義

賴帳

蓄意不支付積欠的款項

to deliberately avoid paying someone for work or services that they have already done, leaving them out of pocket

例句

The crew threatened to leave when the manager stiffed them on their wages.

工程隊威脅說,如果經理試圖賴掉他們的工資,他們就不幹了。

Caleb hired a lawyer after the client stiffed him for the renovation work.

Caleb 僱了律師,因為客戶想賴掉已完工的裝修費用。

stiff + someone + for + noun phrase (payment)

同義詞
  • dodge

    focuses on avoidance of payment rather than refusal

  • welsh on

    slang, specifically about reneging on a debt or obligation

文法句型

stiff + someone

stiff + someone + on + noun phrase

用法筆記

Distinguish from sense 3: sense 2 is about any owed money (wages, rent, deposits), while sense 3 is specifically about tips for a service.

3. to refuse to leave a tip for a worker who has served you, such as a waiter, hair

3.動詞及物B2
釋義

不付小費

拒絕給服務人員小費

to refuse to leave a tip for a worker who has served you, such as a waiter, hairdresser, or delivery driver

例句

Obi always felt guilty when he accidentally stiffed the delivery driver on a rainy night.

Obi 在雨夜不小心沒給外送司機小費,心裡一直過意不去。

stiff + someone + on + noun phrase (tip)

The group at table seven stiffed the waiter on a bill over five hundred dollars.

那桌七號的客人消費超過五百美元,卻沒給服務生小費。

同義詞
  • leave no tip

    neutral, factual description without the negative tone of 'stiff'

反義詞

文法句型

stiff + someone

stiff + someone + on + noun phrase

用法筆記

Primarily used in cultures where tipping is customary. The object is always a person who provided a service.

常見錯誤

The waiter stiffed his tip.
The customer stiffed the waiter on the tip.
💡the person who withholds the tip is the subject, not the waiter.

4. to withhold something that someone has a right to expect or has been promised, s

4.動詞及物B2
釋義

拒給

拒絕給予應得或承諾的事物

to withhold something that someone has a right to expect or has been promised, such as time, access, or resources

例句

The prison guards stiffed the inmates on their allotted phone time that week.

那週獄警沒有給囚犯應得的打電話時間。

Ezra's uncle stiffed him on the promised birthday gift, saying he had changed his mind.

Ezra 的叔叔反悔了原本答應的生日禮物,說他改變主意了。

stiff + someone + on + noun phrase (promised item)

同義詞
  • deny

    more formal and neutral; lacks the informal, accusing tone of 'stiff'

  • short-change

    originally about money but also used figuratively for anything owed

反義詞
  • provide

    to give what is expected or promised

文法句型

stiff + someone

stiff + someone + on + noun phrase

be stiffed

用法筆記

The object of this sense is a non-monetary benefit (time, equipment, opportunity), whereas sense 2 is specifically about money owed.

5. to kill someone deliberately, especially in a planned or organized way linked to

5.動詞及物C1
釋義

殺害

(黑幫用語)蓄意殺人

to kill someone deliberately, especially in a planned or organized way linked to criminal activity

例句

The mob boss ordered his men to stiff the informant before the trial.

在那部犯罪電影裡,黑幫老大命令手下在審判前殺掉線人。

Detectives uncovered evidence that the missing witness had been stiffed by a rival gang.

警方查出那名失蹤的證人已被敵對幫派殺害。

passive: be stiffed by + someone

同義詞
  • whack

    equally slangy, specific to mob contexts

  • murder

    neutral and formal; the most appropriate substitute in any register

文法句型

stiff + someone

be stiffed

用法筆記

This is very informal slang found mainly in crime fiction, organised-crime contexts, or underworld reporting. It would sound odd or theatrical in everyday conversation about killing.

常見錯誤

The hunter stiffed a deer for food.
The hunter killed a deer for food.
💡'stiff' implies planned, criminal killing of a person.

6. to perform poorly as a business, making very little or no profit and often closi

6.動詞不及物B2
釋義

虧損;倒閉

生意失敗,賺不到錢

to perform poorly as a business, making very little or no profit and often closing down as a result

例句

The restaurant stiffed within six months because of poor reviews and high rent.

那家餐廳因為評價差、租金高,六個月內就做不下去了。

Despite a strong start, the tech startup stiffed after its main investor pulled out.

那家新創科技公司原本起步不錯,但主要投資人撤資後就撐不下去了。

同義詞
  • flop

    can apply to products and shows as well as businesses

  • go under

    phrasal verb, more common and slightly more formal

反義詞

文法句型

stiff (no object)

用法筆記

This sense is intransitive — there is no object. A business 'stiffs' (fails), but you cannot 'stiff a business' in this sense. The phrase 'stiff it out' is unrelated.

常見錯誤

The owner stiffed the business.' (suggests sense 1 or 2)
The business stiffed.' (sense 6)
💡'stiff' is intransitive here; the company is the subject, not the object.

7. in golf, to strike the ball so cleanly that it comes to rest within a short dist

7.動詞及物 / 不及物
釋義

打近洞

高爾夫:將球準確打至靠近洞口

in golf, to strike the ball so cleanly that it comes to rest within a short distance of the hole, often from far away and with precise skill

例句

Amihan stiffed her approach shot to within a few feet of the flag.

Amihan 將她的進攻球打到距離旗桿只有幾英尺的位置。

golf: stiff + shot to within [distance] of hole

The golf pro showed the students how to stiff the ball close to the cup.

那位高爾夫教練向學生示範如何將球打到靠近洞口的位置。

transitive: stiff + the ball + close to

同義詞
  • stick it

    informal golf term, same meaning of hitting the ball close to the pin

  • knock it close

    informal phrase describing the same result in golf

  • hit it tight

    golf slang, describes a shot that lands very near the flag

反義詞
  • shank

    a badly mishit golf shot that goes far off target

  • slice

    a shot that curves sideways away from the intended line to the hole

文法句型

stiff + a shot / the ball / it + (to within a distance)

用法筆記

Only used in golf. Typically describes a long approach shot that ends up very close to the pin. In golf commentary, often shortened to 'stiff it'.

常見錯誤

The golfer stiffed the waiter.
The golfer stiffed her approach shot.
💡'stiff a person' usually means to refuse to tip; 'stiff a shot' is a golf term meaning to hit it close to the hole.

stiff — 名詞

stiff — 形容詞

stiff — 副詞