fresh
fresh — 名詞
1. a sudden, strong increase in the amount of water flowing in a river or similar b
暴漲
河水突然暴增的現象
a sudden, strong increase in the amount of water flowing in a river or similar body of water, often caused by heavy rain or melting snow
A fresh poured down the narrow canyon after three days of heavy rain.
連續三天的豪雨過後，一場暴漲沖下了狹窄的峽谷。
collocation: pour down — describes water moving fast
The spring fresh washed away the footbridge that locals had used for years.
春天的暴漲沖走了當地人使用了多年的小橋。
often caused by spring snowmelt
Caleb warned the campers that a fresh could arrive without warning during the thaw.
Caleb 警告露營的人，融雪期間暴漲可能毫無預警地到來。
The river rose fast as the fresh brought down mud and branches from the hills.
河水迅速上漲，因為暴漲從山上帶來了泥巴和樹枝。
In the old village, everyone watched the river level closely when the fresh season began.
在老村子裡，暴漲季節開始時，每個人都密切注意河面的水位。
- drought
a long period with little or no water, the opposite of a sudden rush of water
文法句型
the + fresh
a + fresh
用法筆記
Usually used in the singular. This sense is most common in discussions of rivers and streams in mountainous regions during spring thaw or after heavy storms.
常見錯誤
2. a natural source of water that contains no salt and is safe to drink, like a sma
淡水泉
可飲用的淡水水源
a natural source of water that contains no salt and is safe to drink, like a small stream or spring found in the countryside
The hikers filled their bottles at a clear, cold fresh running through the field.
登山客在一道清澈冰涼流過田野的淡水泉邊裝滿了水壺。
collocation: clear and cold — typical description of a freshwater spring
The old map marked a fresh for travelers crossing the desert.
舊地圖上標記了一處淡水泉，供穿越沙漠的旅人使用。
used in historical or travel contexts
Vinícius found a small fresh hidden in the rocks, its clear water showing every pebble below.
Vinícius 在岩石間發現了一處隱密的淡水泉，清澈的水中每顆鵝卵石都一覽無遺。
During the dry season, this fresh was the only drinking water for miles around.
在乾季，這處淡水泉是方圓數英里內唯一的飲用水。
The villagers built a wall around the fresh to keep animals from muddying the water.
村民們在淡水泉周圍砌了一道牆，防止動物把水弄混濁。
- freshwater spring
the more common modern term; clearer and less ambiguous
- freshwater pool
used when the water is still rather than flowing
- salt spring
a spring that contains salty rather than fresh water
文法句型
a + fresh
the + fresh
用法筆記
Now somewhat old-fashioned or regional; modern English more commonly uses 'freshwater spring' or 'freshwater stream' instead of the standalone noun 'fresh'.
fresh — 形容詞
1. different from something that already existed; put in place of or added to what
新的；不同的
取代或補充原有的
different from something that already existed; put in place of or added to what was there before.
The company decided to take a fresh approach to solving customer complaints.
該公司決定採取新的方式來處理客戶投訴。
collocation: fresh approach
Kwame said the team needed fresh ideas if they wanted to win the competition.
Kwame 說團隊需要新的想法才有機會贏得比賽。
The teacher asked the class to write a fresh version of their reports before Friday.
老師要求全班在星期五前寫出報告的新版本。
A fresh coat of paint can make an old room feel completely different.
重新粉刷一層可以讓舊房間感覺煥然一新。
- new
broader meaning; 'fresh' emphasizes replacement of something older
- additional
focuses on adding rather than replacing
- different
general term; 'fresh' adds the idea of improvement
文法句型
fresh + noun
常見錯誤
2. interesting and enjoyable because of being different from what people are used t
新穎的
新鮮有趣、富有創意
interesting and enjoyable because of being different from what people are used to; original in a lively way.
The young designer's collection feels fresh and full of new ideas.
這位年輕設計師的系列作品感覺新穎，充滿創意。
predicative: feel + fresh
Yuki's singing style brought a fresh sound to the school talent show.
Yuki 的唱腔為學校才藝比賽帶來了新穎的聲音。
The film offers a fresh take on an old story that many people already knew.
這部電影以新穎的角度呈現了一個許多人早已熟知的老故事。
After years of the same routines, the club wanted something fresh to attract members.
多年來都是一樣的活動內容，這個社團想要一些新穎的東西來吸引會員。
Sivan thought the garden's fresh look came from the new flower beds and curved paths.
Sivan 認為花園的新氣象來自新的花圃和彎曲的小徑。
- novel
stronger sense of unusualness, slightly more formal
- original
emphasizes being the first of its kind
- innovative
focuses on new methods or ideas
文法句型
fresh + noun
be + fresh
常見錯誤
3. a chance to leave behind past difficulties and begin living or working in a comp
重新開始
擺脫困境的新契機
a chance to leave behind past difficulties and begin living or working in a completely new way or place, with hope for a better result.
After her divorce, Alessia moved to a small town for a fresh start.
離婚後，Alessia 搬到一個小鎮，想要重新開始。
fixed phrase: a fresh start
The new manager gave the department a fresh start by changing how work was organized.
新任主管改變了工作的組織方式，為部門帶來了重新開始的機會。
Kwame saw the transfer to the London office as a chance for a fresh start.
Kwame 將調到倫敦辦公室視為在全新城市重新開始的機會。
The school offered struggling students a fresh start through a special support program.
學校透過一項特別輔導計畫，為學習困難的學生提供了重新開始的機會。
- new beginning
more general; 'fresh start' implies recovery from difficulty
- clean slate
informal, metaphorical; emphasizes wiping out past mistakes
文法句型
a + fresh + start
用法筆記
Almost always used in the expression 'a fresh start' with the indefinite article. The focus is on the hope of improvement, not just any new beginning.
常見錯誤
4. just produced, completed, or experienced, so that it still has its original qual
剛完成的
不久之前製作或發生的
just produced, completed, or experienced, so that it still has its original qualities and has not been changed by the passing of time.
There is fresh paint on the classroom walls, so please do not touch them.
教室的牆壁剛粉刷過，請不要觸碰。
The accident was still fresh in Defne's memory when she spoke to the police officer.
那場意外在 Defne 向警察說明時仍然記憶猶新。
collocation: fresh in one's memory
The baker puts fresh bread on the shelves every morning at six o'clock.
麵包師傅每天早上六點將剛出爐的麵包擺上架。
Liam's fresh bruises from the fall worried the school nurse.
Liam 摔倒後身上新產生的瘀青讓學校護士很擔心。
The journalist filed a fresh report on the election results just two hours ago.
記者兩小時前才發出關於選舉結果的最新報導。
文法句型
fresh + noun
be + fresh
fresh in + noun phrase
用法筆記
Common in the expression 'fresh in someone's mind/memory', which describes something recently experienced that is still clearly remembered. Unlike sense 6, this sense does not apply to food or flowers.
常見錯誤
5. having none of something left because the entire supply was recently used up, fi
剛用完
存貨剛剛全部用光
having none of something left because the entire supply was recently used up, finished, or sold to others.
The restaurant told us they were fresh out of the lunch special by two o'clock.
餐廳告訴我們，午餐特餐在兩點前就剛好賣完了。
predicative phrase: be + fresh out of
Trang tried to buy concert tickets, but the box office was fresh out of them.
Trang 想買演唱會門票，但售票處剛剛賣完了。
I am fresh out of ideas for dinner tonight, so ordering pizza sounds good.
我今晚晚餐完全沒有想法，叫披薩來吃似乎不錯。
The shop was fresh out of notebooks, so David bought pens and loose paper instead.
那家店剛好沒有筆記本了，所以 David 買了筆和活頁紙代替。
- well-stocked
formal; opposite of having run out
- fully supplied
neutral; opposite meaning
文法句型
be + fresh out of + noun
用法筆記
Always used in the fixed expression 'fresh out of' in predicative position (after 'be'). It is informal — in formal writing, 'we have just run out of' is preferred. Not used attributively (you cannot say 'fresh-out-of bread').
常見錯誤
6. harvested, caught, or made shortly before being used or sold, so that it has not
新鮮的
未經冷凍或加工保存
harvested, caught, or made shortly before being used or sold, so that it has not been preserved by freezing, canning, or any other process.
The market sells fresh vegetables that local farmers picked the same morning.
這家市場賣的蔬菜很新鮮，是當地農夫當天早上採收的。
attributive: fresh + food noun
Paloma bought fresh flowers for the dining table at the weekend market.
Paloma 在週末市場買了新鮮的花放在餐桌上。
Layla prefers to use fresh herbs instead of dried ones when she cooks pasta sauce.
Layla 煮義大利麵醬時喜歡用新鮮香草取代乾燥香草。
Fresh fish tastes much better than frozen fish if you prepare it the same day.
如果當天就烹調，新鮮的魚比冷凍魚好吃得多。
Nora squeezed fresh oranges to make juice for the children's breakfast.
Nora 擠了新鮮柳橙汁給孩子們當早餐。
文法句型
fresh + noun
be + fresh
用法筆記
When describing food, this is the most common meaning of 'fresh'. The opposite is 'frozen', 'canned', or 'dried'. For meat, 'fresh' means it has never been frozen.
常見錯誤
7. Fresh air is clean, cool, and usually found outdoors rather than inside a room o
清新的
空氣潔淨涼爽的
Fresh air is clean, cool, and usually found outdoors rather than inside a room or building.
Dahlia opened the window to let some fresh air into the stuffy kitchen.
Dahlia 打開窗戶，讓一些清新的空氣進入悶熱的廚房。
collocation: fresh air / get some fresh air
After sitting indoors all morning, the children ran outside for fresh air.
在室內坐了一個上午後，孩子們跑到外面呼吸新鮮空氣。
The fresh mountain breeze carried the scent of pine trees.
清新的山風帶來了松樹的香氣。
A short walk in the park gave them a breath of fresh air before the meeting.
在公園裡短暫散步讓她們在會議前呼吸了一口新鮮空氣。
文法句型
fresh + noun (air, breeze, breath)
用法筆記
Frequently used with 'get some' or 'a breath of' to describe going outdoors after being inside. The opposite is 'stuffy' or 'stale' air.
常見錯誤
8. If the weather is fresh, it is cool and sometimes windy, often in a way that fee
涼爽的
天氣清涼有風的
If the weather is fresh, it is cool and sometimes windy, often in a way that feels bracing rather than unpleasant.
A fresh wind blew in from the sea, making the flags flap noisily.
一陣涼爽的海風吹來，讓旗幟啪啪作響。
fresh + wind describing weather
It was a fresh autumn morning, so Eitan wore a light jacket.
那是個涼爽的秋晨，所以 Eitan 穿了一件薄外套。
The forecast says fresh conditions with scattered clouds and temperatures around 15 °C.
氣象預報說天氣涼爽，局部多雲，氣溫約 15 度。
Adisa enjoyed the fresh breeze on the deck of the ferry.
Adisa 在渡輪的甲板上享受著涼爽的微風。
文法句型
fresh + noun (wind, breeze, morning)
用法筆記
Common in weather forecasts and outdoor descriptions. 'Fresh' as a weather term implies cooler temperatures than 'mild' and is milder than 'cold'.
常見錯誤
9. Looking clean, not faded, worn, or marked by use — like something that has been
潔淨的
乾淨整潔未經使用的
Looking clean, not faded, worn, or marked by use — like something that has been recently washed, ironed, or painted.
Nadia put fresh sheets on the bed before the guests arrived.
Nadia 在客人抵達前鋪上了潔淨的床單。
collocation: fresh sheets / fresh towels
The hotel room had fresh white towels folded neatly on the shelf.
飯店房間裡有潔白的毛巾整齊地疊在架子上。
A coat of fresh paint made the old kitchen look like a new room.
一層新油漆讓舊廚房看起來像新的一樣。
Min changed into a fresh shirt after the long train ride.
Min 在長途火車旅行後換上了一件乾淨的襯衫。
文法句型
fresh + noun (clothes, sheets, towel, paint)
用法筆記
Commonly describes linens, clothing, and paint. Unlike 'clean', 'fresh' emphasises the sensation of newness and the pleasant state after washing or renewing.
常見錯誤
10. Feeling energetic, alert, and ready to do things, especially after rest or a pos
精力充沛的
充滿活力不疲倦的
Feeling energetic, alert, and ready to do things, especially after rest or a positive experience.
After a good night's sleep, Devika felt fresh and ready for the hike.
睡了一夜好覺後，Devika 感到精力充沛，準備好去健行。
predicative: feel + fresh (after rest)
The yoga session left everyone feeling fresh and full of energy.
瑜珈課讓每個人都感到精力充沛、充滿活力。
Andrei looked fresh despite having worked a twelve-hour shift.
儘管工作了十二個小時，Andrei 看起來還是精神奕奕。
A quick shower and a cup of tea made Brandon feel fresh again.
快速沖個澡、喝杯茶，讓 Brandon 又感到精力充沛了。
文法句型
feel / look / be + fresh
用法筆記
Predominantly predicative (after 'feel', 'look', 'be'). The opposite sense within the same word is sense 13 (rude/too confident) — context determines which meaning applies.
常見錯誤
11. A fresh face or complexion looks naturally healthy, clear, and youthful, without
容光煥發的
膚色自然健康青春的
A fresh face or complexion looks naturally healthy, clear, and youthful, without needing makeup or treatment.
Roya's skin had a fresh glow after her holiday by the sea.
Roya 在海邊度假後，肌膚散發出容光煥發的光澤。
collocation: fresh glow
The fresh complexion of the children showed they spent plenty of time outdoors.
孩子們氣色紅潤，顯示他們經常在戶外活動。
attributive: fresh + complexion
Hannah's face looked fresh and bright even without any makeup.
Hannah 即使沒有化妝，臉色也顯得容光煥發。
The advertisement showed a model with fresh, clear skin and a big smile.
那則廣告中，模特兒擁有容光煥發的肌膚和燦爛的笑容。
- tired-looking
appearing worn out or lacking sleep
- dull
skin lacking brightness or vitality
文法句型
fresh + noun (skin, face, complexion)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 10 (full of energy) — sense 11 specifically describes physical appearance (skin, face), not internal energy levels. Often used in beauty and skincare contexts.
常見錯誤
12. Fresh water contains little or no salt, making it suitable for drinking, farming
淡水的
不含鹽分可飲用的
Fresh water contains little or no salt, making it suitable for drinking, farming, and supporting river and lake wildlife.
The lake is one of the largest bodies of fresh water in the region.
這個湖是該地區最大的淡水湖之一。
attributive: fresh water (noun phrase)
Farmers rely on fresh water from the river to irrigate their crops.
農民仰賴河中的淡水來灌溉他們的作物。
Unlike ocean fish, trout can only survive in fresh water.
與海魚不同，鱒魚只能在淡水中生存。
Élise filled the bottle with fresh water from the mountain spring.
Élise 從山泉裝了一瓶淡水。
文法句型
fresh + noun (water, lake, river)
用法筆記
Almost always used attributively before 'water'. The distinction between 'fresh water' and 'salt water' is a basic geographical and biological classification. 'Fresh water' is not usually hyphenated (unlike 'freshwater fish').
常見錯誤
13. acting or speaking with excessive confidence, so that others consider it rude or
放肆；無禮
言行太過隨便而冒犯他人
acting or speaking with excessive confidence, so that others consider it rude or offensive, and sometimes implying sexual interest
The waiter gave such a fresh reply that Felix complained to the manager.
那個服務生的回答非常放肆，Felix 只好向經理投訴。
collocation: fresh reply / fresh remark
Putri's grandmother warned her not to be fresh with the guests at dinner.
Putri 的祖母告誡她不要在晚餐時對客人無禮。
pattern: be fresh with [someone]
Roya was sent to the head teacher for being fresh during maths class.
Roya 因為在數學課上態度隨便，被帶去見校長。
Andrés received a formal warning for making fresh remarks to a colleague.
Andrés 因為對同事說出輕佻的話而收到正式警告。
Jiwoo's mother scolded him for his fresh attitude toward the elderly neighbour.
Jiwoo 對鄰居長輩態度輕浮，被她母親訓斥了一頓。
- respectful
opposite in showing proper consideration for others
- polite
opposite in adhering to social conventions of good behaviour
文法句型
be fresh with [someone]
make a fresh remark / comment
用法筆記
Frequently used in warnings or scoldings about someone's behaviour, especially by parents, teachers, or authority figures. The sense often carries an implication of inappropriate boldness rather than outright cruelty.
常見錯誤
14. modern, attractive, and fashionable in an impressive or appealing way, especiall
時尚；潮
好看又新潮的
modern, attractive, and fashionable in an impressive or appealing way, especially in clothing, music, or appearance
Christopher showed up wearing a fresh new jacket from Tokyo.
Christopher 穿了一件從東京買回來的新潮外套出席活動。
collocation: fresh + [clothing item]
Nia's hairstyle looked really fresh at the school dance last Friday.
Nia 在上週五的學校舞會上，髮型看起來非常時尚。
slang register for fashionable appearance
The band's fresh sound attracted a lot of young fans quickly.
那個樂團的新潮風格很快吸引了大批年輕樂迷。
Shanti bought a pair of fresh sneakers for the party tonight.
Shanti 買了一雙很潮的運動鞋準備參加今晚的派對。
Ada's apartment has a fresh modern style with bright furniture.
Ada 的公寓佈置了明亮的家具，風格新潮又現代。
文法句型
fresh + noun (clothes, look, style, sound)
用法筆記
Common in youth slang and hip-hop culture. Often used as a compliment for someone's outfit, hairstyle, or overall look. Not used in formal contexts.
常見錯誤
15. having a clean, natural, and enjoyable taste or smell without any unpleasant or
清香的
味道或氣味清新自然的
having a clean, natural, and enjoyable taste or smell without any unpleasant or artificial qualities
The fresh bread from the bakery filled the whole street with a lovely smell.
麵包店飄出新鮮出爐的麵包香，整條街都聞得到。
collocation: fresh bread / fresh herbs / fresh coffee
Soraya picked fresh herbs from the garden for the evening soup.
Soraya 從花園裡摘了新鮮香草來煮晚餐的湯。
Christopher enjoyed the fresh taste of mint in his iced tea.
Christopher 很喜歡冰茶裡那股清新的薄荷味。
Nothing beats the smell of fresh coffee on a rainy morning in Taipei.
在台北的雨天早晨，沒有什麼比新鮮咖啡的香氣更棒了。
The fresh flowers on the table made the whole room feel welcoming.
桌上的鮮花讓整個房間感覺很溫馨怡人。
文法句型
fresh + noun (bread, herbs, coffee, flowers, air)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 6 (NOT FROZEN): sense 15 describes the sensory experience of taste and smell, while sense 6 refers to the state of being recently picked or not preserved. Both can apply to the same item, e.g., 'fresh bread' might mean both newly baked (sense 6) and good-tasting (sense 15).
常見錯誤
fresh — 副詞
1. used just before a past participle to mean that something was made, prepared, or
剛
用於過去分詞前，表示剛完成
used just before a past participle to mean that something was made, prepared, or produced only a short time ago — such as fresh-baked bread being bread that came out of the oven very recently.
The children ate fresh-baked bread still warm from the oven.
孩子們吃著剛出爐、還冒著熱氣的現烤麵包。
collocation: fresh-baked bread / bread fresh from the oven
Gita prefers fresh-ground coffee to the instant kind.
Gita 比較喜歡現磨咖啡，而不是即溶咖啡。
collocation: fresh-ground coffee
After the morning rain, fresh-cut roses filled Noor's garden with a sweet smell.
清晨雨後，Noor 的花園裡滿是新剪的玫瑰，散發著甜甜的香氣。
Fresh-made sandwiches with local ingredients sell quickly at the bakery.
使用當地食材現做的三明治，在麵包店裡很快就賣完了。
Quan served fresh-picked strawberries from his family's farm for dessert.
Quan 端出自家農場現採的草莓當飯後甜點。
文法句型
fresh + past participle + noun (fresh-baked bread)
fresh + from + place/situation (fresh from the garden)
用法筆記
The adverb fresh is used mainly before past participles to form compound adjectives (fresh-baked, fresh-cut, fresh-ground). In formal writing, the adverb freshly is more common.
fresh — 字首
1. used before the past participle of a verb to form an adjective describing someth
新
附加於過去分詞前，表剛完成
used before the past participle of a verb to form an adjective describing something that has just been made, prepared, or finished — for example, fresh-baked bread, fresh-cut grass, or fresh-painted walls.
The smell of fresh-baked bread drew customers into the little bakery.
剛烤好的麵包香味吸引了顧客走進那家小麵包店。
prefix: fresh-baked + noun (food just out of oven)
Rohan walked barefoot across the fresh-mown grass in the backyard.
Rohan 赤腳走過後院剛修剪過的草地。
A fresh-painted wall can make a whole room feel new and clean.
剛粉刷好的牆壁能讓整個房間感覺煥然一新。
Élise arranged the fresh-cut roses in a tall glass vase by the window.
Élise 把剛剪下的玫瑰花放進窗邊的玻璃花瓶裡。
Vikram poured himself a cup of fresh-made coffee before starting work.
Vikram 在開始工作前為自己倒了一杯剛煮好的咖啡。
文法句型
fresh- + past participle
用法筆記
Only combines with past participles, not with -ing forms or other verb forms. Common pairings include bake, cut, mow, paint, press, make, catch, pick, and grind.