so
so — 名詞
1. in the singing-syllable system do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, the syllable that nam
Sol;唱名
大調音階第五個唱名,又作soh、sol
in the singing-syllable system do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, the syllable that names a major scale's fifth degree, sitting a perfect fifth above the starting pitch; also written soh or sol.
Mrs. Adeyemi tapped a piano key and asked the choir to sing so.
Adeyemi 老師敲了一下鋼琴琴鍵,要合唱團唱出 so 這個音。
noun used as the name of a sung pitch
In C major, so is the note G, five steps above the tonic.
在 C 大調裡,so 就是 G 這個音,比主音高五度。
explanatory pattern: so is the note [letter]
Theo struggled to hit so cleanly, so his teacher made him practise scales daily.
Theo 一直唱不準 so,老師因此要他每天都練音階。
A famous song from The Sound of Music teaches children that so follows fa.
《真善美》裡那首有名的歌教小朋友:在音階上,so 緊接在 fa 之後。
Inés told the beginners that so should ring a perfect fifth above the tonic.
Inés 告訴初學者,so 唱出來要剛好在主音上方完全五度的位置。
用法筆記
Almost always written and sung in solfège exercises rather than ordinary prose. The spellings so, soh, and sol all refer to the same pitch; British music textbooks tend to prefer soh, while American ones prefer sol.
常見錯誤
so — 形容詞
1. in a state where every item is in the exact spot someone wants it, with nothing
整整齊齊
每樣東西都擺在指定位置,毫無凌亂
in a state where every item is in the exact spot someone wants it, with nothing crooked, untidy, or out of place; usually said about a room, desk, or display that someone keeps very neat on purpose.
Christopher likes the books on his desk to be just so before he starts writing.
Christopher 喜歡桌上的書都擺得整整齊齊,才開始寫作。
common form: 'just so' as predicative complement
In Grandma Talia's parlour, every cushion and photo frame had to be so.
在 Talia 奶奶的客廳裡,每個抱枕跟相框都得擺得整整齊齊。
subject is a tidy person's space; 'had to be so' for habitual rule
The museum guard wanted the chairs in the Vermeer gallery exactly so before opening.
開館前,警衛希望維梅爾展廳裡的椅子都擺在精確的位置上。
Manuela folds the napkins and lines up the forks until the table is just so.
Manuela 摺好餐巾、排好叉子,直到整張桌子整整齊齊為止。
Tunde's tools hung on the workshop wall in neat rows, each one just so.
Tunde 的工具整齊地掛在工作室牆上,每一件都擺得整整齊齊。
- immaculate
stronger; means flawlessly clean and tidy, not only arranged the way someone wants
- orderly
more general; describes any organised state, can go before a noun
- spick-and-span
informal; emphasises cleanliness rather than precise arrangement
文法句型
just so
must be so
用法筆記
Predicative only — used after 'be', 'look', or 'want [something]', almost always with 'just' or 'exactly'. You cannot put it before a noun (no 'a so room'). Distinct from the adverb senses, which modify verbs or adjectives rather than describing how tidy something is.
常見錯誤
so — 副詞
1. placed before an adjective or adverb to mean very, or to a high degree — stronge
如此;這麼
用於形容詞或副詞前,表程度很高
placed before an adjective or adverb to mean very, or to a high degree — stronger than a plain adjective and often showing the speaker's strong feeling about it.
Kwame's coffee was so hot that he burned the tip of his tongue.
Kwame 的咖啡這麼燙,他把舌尖燙到了。
so + adjective + that-clause
Why are you walking so slowly this morning, Nellie?
Nellie,你今天早上為什麼走得這麼慢?
so + adverb
The puppy is so cute that everyone wants to hold her.
這隻小狗這麼可愛,每個人都想抱抱牠。
I'm so tired after the long bus ride home from Taipei.
從台北坐長途巴士回家後,我好累。
Paloma was so happy when her grandfather sent her a birthday card.
Paloma 收到爺爺寄來的生日卡片時,開心得不得了。
文法句型
so + adjective
so + adverb
so + adjective + that-clause
用法筆記
The intensifier sense; pairs only with adjectives or adverbs, never directly with a verb. For 'so + verb' meaning, see the conjunction senses. The 'so + adjective + that-clause' pattern is especially common in writing.
常見錯誤
2. placed in front of a noun phrase or, more often, before 'not' to add force to wh
那麼;如此
與not連用,加強語氣或表對比
placed in front of a noun phrase or, more often, before 'not' to add force to what you are saying, showing the speaker's surprise, doubt, or contrast with what was expected.
Solving the puzzle was not so easy as Christopher had expected.
解開這個謎題沒有 Christopher 想的那麼容易。
not so + adjective for understatement
The new restaurant on Main Street is not so bad after all.
中央街上那家新餐廳其實沒那麼糟。
not so + adjective
Élise is not so much angry as deeply disappointed in her brother.
Élise 與其說是生氣,不如說是對哥哥深感失望。
Cooking dinner alone is not so big a problem for Ilan these days.
對 Ilan 來說,自己一個人煮晚飯如今並不是那麼大的問題。
- particularly
more neutral; 'so' carries speaker attitude
- really
informal alternative in negative contexts
文法句型
not so + adjective
so + noun phrase
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: this sense usually appears with 'not' for softening ('not so cold' = milder than 'cold'). The pattern 'not so X as Y' is a softer alternative to 'less X than Y'.
常見錯誤
3. tagged onto a sentence's final position, normally after 'much' or directly after
非常
置於句尾,加強情感程度
tagged onto a sentence's final position, normally after 'much' or directly after a verb, to stress that the feeling or amount involved is very strong.
Thank you so much for driving Antonia to the airport this morning.
今天早上你載 Antonia 去機場,真的非常感謝你。
thank you so much
Roya missed her sister so much during the long winter.
整個漫長的冬天,Roya 非常想念她姊姊。
verb + object + so much
The children loved the puppet show so much they begged to stay.
孩子們非常喜歡那場木偶戲,喜歡到求著要留下來。
Arjun apologised so much that his classmates told him to stop.
Arjun 道歉道得太過頻繁,連同學都叫他別再說了。
文法句型
thank you so much
verb + object + so
用法筆記
Almost always in the chain 'verb + (object) + so much'. Plain sentence-final 'so' without 'much' (as in 'I love it so') survives only in poetry and old-fashioned writing.
常見錯誤
4. used in front of an auxiliary verb such as 'be', 'have', 'do', or a modal, with
也是;同樣
倒裝句中表他人也是如此
used in front of an auxiliary verb such as 'be', 'have', 'do', or a modal, with the subject placed after the verb, to show that the same thing is also true for another person or thing.
Lien likes mango ice cream, and so does her cousin Brooke.
Lien 喜歡芒果冰淇淋,她表妹 Brooke 也喜歡。
so + does + subject for agreement
Amelia has been to Kyoto twice, and so have her parents.
Amelia 去過京都兩次,她父母也是。
so + have + subject
If Sven can finish the report tonight, so can the rest of the team.
如果 Sven 今晚能寫完報告,團隊其他人也可以。
Lisa was nervous before the audition, and so was Lucía.
Lisa 試鏡前很緊張,Lucía 也是。
- neither
the negative counterpart, also with inversion
文法句型
so + auxiliary + subject
so + be/have/do + subject
用法筆記
Subject-verb inversion is required: 'so does Brooke', not 'so Brooke does'. The auxiliary must match the previous clause's tense and verb. For the negative version, English uses 'neither' or 'nor' instead of 'so'.
常見錯誤
5. stands in for a whole phrase or clause that has just been said, so that you do n
如此;這樣
代替前面提過的整句話
stands in for a whole phrase or clause that has just been said, so that you do not have to repeat it — typically as the object of verbs like 'think', 'hope', 'believe', 'say', or 'guess'.
Will the rain stop before lunchtime? — I hope so.
午餐前雨會停嗎?──希望會。
hope + so as substitute clause
Is Rania still working at the bookshop? — I think so.
Rania 還在那家書店工作嗎?──我想是的。
think + so
Andrés asked if the train was late, and the conductor said so.
Andrés 問火車是否誤點,車掌說是。
Will Greta pass the swimming test? — I believe so.
Greta 會通過游泳測驗嗎?──我相信會。
Has the morning meeting already started without us? — I guess so.
晨會是不是已經沒等我們就開始了?──大概是吧。
- that
occasional substitute, but 'so' is far more idiomatic
文法句型
think/hope/believe/say/guess + so
用法筆記
Distinct from sense 6: this 'so' replaces a clause as a verb's object ('I think so' = 'I think it will'). The negative is normally 'I don't think so', not 'I think not'. Verbs like 'know', 'agree', and 'see' do not allow this pattern.
常見錯誤
6. placed in a short reply with reversed word order ('so + subject + verb') to conf
確實如此
在簡短回答中確認對方所言屬實
placed in a short reply with reversed word order ('so + subject + verb') to confirm that what someone has just pointed out really is the case, often with mild surprise.
Look, the kettle is already boiling. — So it is! I didn't notice.
你看,水壺已經在沸騰了。──還真的是!我都沒注意到。
so + it + is for surprised confirmation
You've got paint on your sleeve, Dahlia. — So I have.
Dahlia,你袖子上沾到油漆了。──還真的有。
so + I + have
The clock has stopped at twelve. — So it has, how strange.
時鐘停在十二點了。──還真的停了,好奇怪。
You're wearing odd socks today, Devika. — So I am, what a morning!
Devika,你今天穿了不一樣的襪子。──還真的是,今天早上真是一團亂。
文法句型
so + subject + auxiliary
it is so
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 5 ('I think so'): here 'so' starts a short reply and the speaker is confirming a fact they have just been shown, often with surprise. Word order is subject-verb, not the inverted verb-subject of sense 4.
常見錯誤
7. added to a short reply to confirm that something just stated really is correct,
真的耶
確認剛察覺到的事屬實
added to a short reply to confirm that something just stated really is correct, often when the speaker has only just noticed it or is mildly surprised.
"Your jacket is on inside out." "So it is — thanks, Ilan."
「你的外套穿反了。」「確實如此——謝啦,Ilan。」
pattern: so it is (confirming after noticing)
Constanza pointed at the clock and said, "It's already midnight." "So it is," her father replied.
Constanza 指著時鐘說:「已經半夜了。」她爸爸回道:「真的耶。」
so it is reply confirming a surprising fact
"Look, the cat has followed us all the way home." "So she has — what a strange little creature."
「你看,這隻貓一路跟著我們回家了。」「真的耶——好奇怪的小傢伙。」
"There's a hole in your sock, Dewi." "So there is. I'll change them after lunch."
「Dewi,你的襪子破了一個洞。」「真的耶,午餐後我再換。」
- indeed
more formal alternative for confirming a surprising truth
- right enough
informal British equivalent
文法句型
it is so
so it is/does/did
用法筆記
Always paired with the auxiliary or 'be' from the previous statement (so it is, so she has, so there is). Distinguish from adverb/6 (in adverb_b1): sense 6 simply confirms a prior situation, while this sense usually signals fresh recognition or mild surprise.
常見錯誤
8. takes the place of a previously used adjective, letting the speaker avoid saying
更是如此
代替前面提過的形容詞
takes the place of a previously used adjective, letting the speaker avoid saying the same word twice — for example, 'the work is hard, and on rainy days even more so' means 'even more hard'.
The path was steep, and after the rain even more so.
山徑很陡,下過雨後更是如此。
even more so replacing a prior adjective
Alessia found the first chapter difficult, and the second one no less so.
Alessia 覺得第一章很難,第二章也同樣難讀。
no less so standing in for 'difficult'
The old bridge looked unsafe, and after the flood it proved very much so.
那座老橋看起來不安全,洪水之後更證實的確如此。
Jin's grandfather was always patient with the children, perhaps too much so at times.
Jin 的祖父對孩子們向來很有耐心,有時甚至過於如此。
- the same
less formal but loses the degree-word framing
文法句型
even more so
less so
prove so
用法筆記
Almost always preceded by a degree word (more, less, very, too, much). Most natural in writing or careful speech; in casual conversation people repeat the adjective instead.
常見錯誤
9. stressed and typical of small kids when arguing back at a denial — 'I did so' me
我才有
小孩反駁否定話語
stressed and typical of small kids when arguing back at a denial — 'I did so' means 'yes I really did' and 'I am so' means 'yes I really am'.
"You didn't share with your sister." "I did so, Mum — I gave her half my apple!" Obi protested.
「你都沒分給妹妹。」「我才有,媽——我把蘋果分一半給她了!」Obi 抗議道。
stressed 'did so' contradicting a denial
"You're not old enough to ride the big slide." "I am so!" Ziad shouted from the playground.
「你還太小,不能玩大溜滑梯。」「我才不會!我就是夠大!」Ziad 在遊樂場大喊。
I am so denying a 'not' statement
Christopher told his little brother he hadn't finished his peas, and the boy yelled, "I have so!"
Christopher 說弟弟還沒把豌豆吃完,小男孩大叫:「我才有吃完!」
"You can't draw a horse." "I can so," Ishaan said, grabbing a pencil to prove it.
「你才不會畫馬。」「我就是會。」Ishaan 邊說邊抓起鉛筆要證明。
- too
American children often say 'I did too' with the same meaning
- not
the opposing reply — 'I did not'
文法句型
I am so
you did so
用法筆記
Heavily stressed in speech and almost exclusively used by children, or by adults imitating children. The opposite move — denying that you did something — uses 'I did NOT' rather than another fixed phrase.
常見錯誤
10. after a verb (especially 'do'), points back to an action just mentioned without
如此做;照辦
代替前面提到的動作
after a verb (especially 'do'), points back to an action just mentioned without saying it again — 'do so' means 'do that thing'.
Quinn was asked to sign the form, and did so without reading a single line.
Quinn 被要求簽那份表格,便一行也沒看就照辦了。
did so referring back to 'sign the form'
Passengers must show their ticket on entry; failing to do so will mean a fine.
旅客進場時須出示車票;未能照辦者將被罰款。
failing to do so in formal notice register
Sayaka decided to apologise to her neighbour, and in doing so she felt the tightness in her chest disappear.
Sayaka 決定向鄰居道歉,這麼做之後,她感覺胸口的緊繃感消失了。
If you must move the painting, please do so very carefully — the frame is over a hundred years old.
如果你一定要搬那幅畫,請務必小心為之——畫框已有一百多年。
文法句型
do so
in doing so
用法筆記
Mostly attaches to the verb 'do' to form 'do so', which is the formal counterpart of 'do it' or 'do that'. Typical of written notices, instructions, and careful speech.
常見錯誤
11. in the manner that has just been described — used in writing or careful speech t
如此地;這樣
以剛敘述過的方式進行
in the manner that has just been described — used in writing or careful speech to mean 'in this way'.
Jason folded the napkin in half, then in half again; just so, the dinner was ready.
Jason 把餐巾對折,再對折一次;如此一來,晚餐就準備好了。
just so meaning 'in this exact way'
Kasia stacked the books with the spines facing out, and so her shelves stayed easy to search.
Kasia 把書背朝外擺放,如此地她的書架就好找書多了。
and so meaning 'in this way'
The bees build tiny six-sided rooms, and so the honeycomb takes its lovely shape.
蜜蜂建造一格格小小的六角形房間,蜂巢便如此呈現出可愛的形狀。
Élise tied the ribbon under the lid; arranged so, the gift looked elegant in her hands.
Élise 把緞帶綁在盒蓋下;這樣排好之後,禮物在她手中顯得很雅致。
文法句型
just so
even so
用法筆記
Most common in fixed combinations such as 'just so' (exactly this way) and 'and so' (in this manner). Rare on its own in everyday speech — modern speakers prefer 'like this' or 'this way'.
常見錯誤
12. said while you are physically showing someone how to do an action — meaning 'wat
像這樣
邊示範邊說明動作做法
said while you are physically showing someone how to do an action — meaning 'watch, this is how you do it'.
"Hold the chopsticks like so," Aaron said, gripping them between his thumb and middle finger.
「筷子要像這樣拿,」Aaron 邊說邊用拇指和中指夾住。
like so accompanying a physical demonstration
Benjamin showed his daughter how to tie a bowline: "You make a small loop, then pass the rope through, so."
Benjamin 教女兒怎麼打稱人結:「先繞一個小圈,然後把繩頭穿過去,這樣。」
trailing 'so' while showing the action
The yoga teacher told us to fold forward and place our palms on the mat, like so.
瑜珈老師要我們向前彎,把雙掌貼在墊子上,像這樣。
"Press the button gently — so — and the lid will pop open," Rin explained to the new chef.
「輕輕按下這顆按鈕——這樣——蓋子就會彈開了,」Rin 向新來的廚師說明。
文法句型
like so
do it so
用法筆記
Almost always paired with a visible action (a hand gesture, a drawing, a video). Distinguish from sense 11: sense 11 refers back to a description in words, while this sense points to something the listener can SEE the speaker doing right now.
常見錯誤
13. spoken alongside a hand gesture or a clear visual cue to indicate roughly how bi
這麼;那麼
搭配手勢比劃大小或數量時用
spoken alongside a hand gesture or a clear visual cue to indicate roughly how big, long, tall, or how much something is, when no exact measurement is given.
Rodrigo held his palms apart and said the trout he caught was about so long.
Rodrigo 把雙手張開比劃,說他釣到的鱒魚大概這麼長。
so + adjective with a hand gesture indicating size
Nala pinched her fingers together to show that the spider was only so big.
Nala 用手指比了一下,表示那隻蜘蛛只有這麼大而已。
only so + adjective for emphasising small size
The shelf has to be exactly so high, said Christopher, raising his hand to his shoulder.
Christopher 把手抬到肩膀的高度說:「架子一定要這麼高才行。」
Saira drew a circle in the air and explained that the cake tin should be roughly so wide.
Saira 在空中畫了個圓,解釋蛋糕模大概要這麼寬。
There was only so much rice left in the bowl, and Feng tipped it to show the children.
碗裡只剩下這麼一點點米,Feng 把碗傾斜給孩子們看。
文法句型
so + adjective (of size/quantity)
only so + much/many/big/long/high
用法筆記
Almost always paired with a real or imagined gesture (hands held apart, fingers pinched, a line drawn in the air). Distinguish from sense 12 (SHOWING HOW): sense 12 demonstrates a method or action, while sense 13 specifically represents a measurement.
常見錯誤
so — 連接詞
1. used to begin a new sentence in a way that ties it back to something said or don
那麼;所以說
回到先前話題的開場用語
used to begin a new sentence in a way that ties it back to something said or done earlier, often picking up a thread after a brief pause.
So, where were we before the fire alarm interrupted the meeting?
那麼,火警響起打斷會議之前,我們講到哪裡了?
sentence-initial: linking back to earlier topic
Christopher paused for tea and added, "So, as I was telling you about Lisbon..."
Christopher 停下來喝口茶,接著說:「那麼,我剛剛跟你講到里斯本……」
resuming after a brief interruption
So, the package finally arrived on Tuesday after three weeks of waiting.
所以說,那個包裹等了三個禮拜,星期二終於到了。
Asher set down his guitar and said, "So, back to that song you were teaching me."
Asher 把吉他放下說:「那麼,回到你剛剛在教我的那首歌吧。」
文法句型
So, + clause
用法筆記
Almost always followed by a comma in writing and a brief pause in speech. Distinguish from sense 4 (a filler pause with no clear back-reference) — this sense reconnects to a topic both speakers already share.
常見錯誤
2. placed at the start of a sentence to check that you and the other person share t
也就是說
再次確認彼此理解一致
placed at the start of a sentence to check that you and the other person share the same understanding, especially while going back over the key parts of arrangements or instructions.
So, you collect the cake at noon and Owen drives the children to the park.
也就是說,你中午去拿蛋糕,Owen 載小朋友去公園。
summarising shared arrangements
So, we land in Osaka on Friday and meet Ryo at the hotel that evening.
也就是說,我們週五飛抵大阪,當天傍晚在飯店和 Ryo 會合。
recapping a travel plan step by step
So, two cups of flour, one egg, and a pinch of salt — have I got that right?
也就是說,兩杯麵粉、一顆蛋、一小撮鹽——我這樣記對了嗎?
So, the deadline is Monday morning, and Indra will email the draft on Sunday night.
也就是說,截止時間是星期一早上,Indra 會在星期天晚上把草稿寄出。
文法句型
So, + restated point
用法筆記
Subject is usually 'you' or 'we', and the verb tense matches the agreed plan (often present simple for fixed arrangements). Distinguish from sense 1 — here the speaker is re-stating points to verify them, not just resuming an interrupted thread.
常見錯誤
3. placed at the start of a sentence when you have just realised or noticed somethi
原來;難怪
剛剛才發現某件事的語氣
placed at the start of a sentence when you have just realised or noticed something for the first time, often expressing mild surprise.
So this is where Andrés has been hiding all the chocolate biscuits!
原來 Andrés 一直把巧克力餅乾藏在這裡!
marking a realisation in the moment
Élise opened the dusty cupboard and gasped, "So that's what happened to grandma's letters!"
Élise 打開那個布滿灰塵的櫃子,倒抽一口氣:「原來奶奶的信是這樣不見的!」
surprise at a sudden discovery
So you are the new violinist Mr. Park has been telling everyone about.
原來你就是 Park 老師最近一直跟大家提的那位新小提琴手。
So the cat was sleeping under the porch the whole time we were searching the garden.
原來我們在花園裡到處找的時候,那隻貓一直睡在門廊底下。
文法句型
So + clause (often + 'this is')
用法筆記
Often combined with 'this is', 'that's', or 'you are' to point at the thing newly understood. Carries a tone of mild surprise or amused recognition, unlike sense 1 which has no surprise meaning.
常見錯誤
4. placed at the start of a sentence as a brief stalling word while you decide what
嗯;這個嘛
句首停頓、爭取思考時間
placed at the start of a sentence as a brief stalling word while you decide what to say next, sometimes also adding a little weight to the words that follow.
So... the question is whether we can finish painting the garage by Sunday.
嗯……問題是我們能不能在星期天之前把車庫漆完。
filler pause before stating the main point
Nikhil scratched his chin and replied, "So... I think we need a different plan."
Nikhil 摸著下巴回答:「這個嘛……我覺得我們需要換個方案。」
thinking aloud before answering
So... here is the thing about that broken washing machine in the basement.
嗯……地下室那台壞掉的洗衣機,事情是這樣的。
Adisa tilted her head and began, "So... why did nobody tell me about the party?"
Adisa 偏著頭開口:「這個嘛……怎麼沒有人告訴我有那個聚會?」
文法句型
So... + clause
用法筆記
Often written with three dots after it ('So...') to show the trailing pause. Carries no real meaning; if you remove it, the sentence still works. Distinguish from sense 1 (which links back) and sense 2 (which recaps) — this one only buys the speaker thinking time.
常見錯誤
5. placed at the start of a sentence to open up a topic that you want to ask the ot
對了;那
開啟新話題或提出問題
placed at the start of a sentence to open up a topic that you want to ask the other person about, especially to start a friendly conversation about something happening now.
So, Zayd, how is your daughter settling into the new school?
對了,Zayd,你女兒在新學校適應得怎麼樣?
opening a friendly question about current life
So, what did you think of the play we saw last night at the small theatre?
對了,你覺得我們昨晚在那家小劇場看的那齣戲怎麼樣?
inviting an opinion about a shared event
So, Lucas, are you ready for the swimming gala on Saturday?
那 Lucas,你準備好星期六的游泳比賽了嗎?
So, who is going to feed the rabbits while your family is away in August?
對了,你們八月出國的時候,誰要餵兔子呢?
- tell me
more direct invitation; 'so' is gentler
- by the way
marks a side topic; 'so' marks a main topic
文法句型
So + question
用法筆記
Frequently followed by the listener's name or a 'wh-' question word. Signals 'I want to talk to you about this' rather than just stating something. Distinguish from sense 1 — this sense launches a fresh topic, while sense 1 returns to a topic already in play.
常見錯誤
6. placed at the start of a sentence to admit that what the other person has said i
是啊;無妨
承認屬實但覺得無所謂
placed at the start of a sentence to admit that what the other person has said is true, while making clear that you do not see it as a real problem.
"You forgot to switch off the porch light." "So I did — it costs almost nothing to leave it on."
「你忘了關門廊的燈。」「是啊——開著也沒花什麼錢。」
admitting a fact while playing down its importance
Minho shrugged and said, "So the cake is a little burnt — it still tastes fine to me."
Minho 聳聳肩說:「蛋糕是有點烤焦了——可是我覺得味道還是不錯啊。」
conceding a small flaw
"Your shoes are muddy." "So they are. I will wipe them on the mat in a minute."
「你的鞋子沾滿泥巴。」「是啊,我等一下會在腳踏墊上擦乾淨。」
Léa eyed the broken vase and said, "So I knocked it over — it was cheap anyway."
Léa 看了一眼那個破掉的花瓶說:「是啊,是我打翻的——反正本來就便宜。」
- okay, fine
even more dismissive; 'so' is slightly more reflective
- alright
concedes the point but with less of a 'so what' feeling
文法句型
So + (pronoun + auxiliary) / so what
用法筆記
Often paired with a follow-up clause that downplays the issue ('it costs nothing', 'it still tastes fine'). The speaker tone is calm or dismissive, never apologetic. Distinguish from sense 3 — sense 3 marks discovery and surprise, while this sense marks acceptance and indifference.
常見錯誤
7. joining two ideas to show that the second one happens because of the first; the
所以;因此
前句是原因,後句是因此產生的結果
joining two ideas to show that the second one happens because of the first; the first idea is the cause and what follows 'so' is the result.
Pim missed the last bus, so she walked home through the park.
Pim 錯過了末班公車,所以她走路穿過公園回家。
cause clause + so + result clause
The bakery had run out of bread, so Henrik bought rice cakes instead.
麵包店的麵包賣完了,所以 Henrik 改買了米果。
It was raining hard, so the football match was moved to next Saturday.
雨下得很大,所以足球比賽被改到下週六舉行。
Yuna had finished all her homework, so her mother let her watch a film.
Yuna 已經把功課全部寫完了,所以媽媽讓她看一部電影。
Our flight was delayed by six hours, so we slept on the airport benches.
我們的班機延誤了六小時,所以我們就睡在機場的長椅上。
- therefore
more formal; common in writing and arguments
- as a result
phrase; emphasises that the result follows logically
- consequently
formal; signals a clear cause-effect chain
文法句型
clause + so + clause
用法筆記
Joins two main clauses; do not place a comma after 'so' itself, and do not start a new sentence with 'So' in formal writing for this meaning. Distinguish from sense conjunction/8 ('so (that)' = purpose): here 'so' marks a result that has already happened, not an aim.
常見錯誤
8. used to introduce the reason or aim behind an action that has just been mentione
為了;好讓
用來引出做某動作的目的或希望達成的結果
used to introduce the reason or aim behind an action that has just been mentioned; the clause after 'so (that)' tells the listener why the speaker did something.
Meera spoke slowly so that the new students could understand every word.
Meera 講得很慢,好讓新來的學生能聽懂每一個字。
so that + clause expressing purpose
Eli left the office early so he could pick up his daughter from ballet class.
Eli 提早離開辦公室,這樣才能去芭蕾舞教室接女兒。
informal: 'that' dropped
Please write your name on the box so that the cleaners know whose lunch it is.
請在盒子上寫名字,好讓清潔人員知道這份午餐是誰的。
Wren saved a little money each week so that she could buy her grandmother a birthday present.
Wren 每週存一點錢,為的是能買生日禮物送給奶奶。
The teacher repeated the question so the boy at the back could hear it clearly.
老師把問題重複了一遍,好讓坐在後排的男孩聽清楚。
- in order that
more formal; same meaning as 'so that'
- so as to
followed by infinitive, not a clause; tighter and slightly more formal
文法句型
main clause + so (that) + clause
用法筆記
Often followed by a modal verb ('can', 'could', 'would', 'will') in the second clause because the clause expresses a goal, not a fact. In informal English the word 'that' is usually dropped: 'I left early so I could catch the train.' Distinguish from sense conjunction/7 (THEREFORE): that one states a result that happened; this one states an intention.
常見錯誤
9. in the form 'so as to' + verb, used to give the purpose of an action when the su
以便;為了
用 so as to 說明動作的目的
in the form 'so as to' + verb, used to give the purpose of an action when the subject of both clauses is the same person or thing; tells the reader for what aim the action was done.
Heloísa stood on a chair so as to reach the dusty box on top of the wardrobe.
Heloísa 站到椅子上,以便拿到衣櫃頂上那個積滿灰塵的盒子。
so as to + bare infinitive for purpose
Darius left a note on the kitchen table so as to warn his flatmates about the leaking pipe.
Darius 在廚房桌上留了一張字條,以便提醒室友水管在漏水。
The nurse closed the curtain so as to give the patient some privacy during the examination.
護理師把簾子拉上,以便在檢查時給病人一些隱私。
Paul wrote down every street name so as to find his way back to the hotel later.
Paul 把每條街名都記下來,以便晚一點能找到回飯店的路。
- in order to
neutral register; works in both speech and writing
- to
shortest and most natural option in everyday English
文法句型
so as + to-infinitive
用法筆記
Used mainly in formal or written English; in everyday speech speakers usually prefer 'to' or 'in order to'. The subject of the main clause and of the infinitive must be the same person or thing.
常見錯誤
10. in the form 'so as not to' + verb, used to explain that an action is done in a c
以免;以便不
so as not to:避免某結果
in the form 'so as not to' + verb, used to explain that an action is done in a careful way to avoid a particular bad outcome; tells the reader what the speaker was trying to prevent.
Christopher tiptoed across the bedroom so as not to wake the sleeping twins.
Christopher 踮著腳尖走過臥房,以免吵醒熟睡中的雙胞胎。
so as not to + verb to avoid an outcome
Eshe spoke in a gentle voice so as not to frighten the lost puppy in the corner.
Eshe 用很溫柔的聲音說話,以免嚇到角落那隻迷路的小狗。
Emily wrapped each glass in tissue paper so as not to break them on the long drive.
Emily 把每個玻璃杯都用衛生紙包起來,以免在長途車程中打破。
The librarian closed the heavy door slowly so as not to disturb the children who were reading.
圖書館員把那扇厚重的門慢慢關上,以免打擾正在閱讀的孩子們。
- in order not to
neutral register; equally formal but more transparent in meaning
- to avoid
followed by -ing form; common everyday alternative
文法句型
so as not + to-infinitive
用法筆記
More formal than 'in order not to'. The negative word 'not' must come between 'so as' and 'to'; placing it after 'to' ('so as to not...') is unidiomatic in standard British and American English. Used when the speaker wants to emphasise care or caution.